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A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of interventions to increase cervical cancer screening among underserved women in Europe
No full textInternational audienceBackground This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness studies of interventions to increase cervical cancer screening uptake rates in underserved women in Europe. Methods A search of Embase, Medline, Global Health, PsychINFO, and NHS Economic Evaluation Database was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and September 2022. Studies were eligible if they analysed the cost-effectiveness of any interventions to improve participation in cervical cancer screening among underserved women of any age eligible to participate in cervical cancer screening in European countries, in any language. Study characteristics and cost-effectiveness results were summarised. Study quality was assessed using the Drummond Checklist, and methodological choices were further compared. Results The searches yielded 962 unique studies, with 17 of these (from twelve European countries) meeting the eligibility criteria for data extraction. All studies focused on underscreened women as an overarching group, with no identified studies focusing on specific subgroups of underserved women. Generally, self-HPV testing and reminder interventions were shown to be cost-effective to increase the uptake rates. There was also research showing that addressing access issues and adopting different screening modalities could be economically attractive in some settings, but the current evidence is insufficient due to the limited number of studies. Conclusion This systematic review has revealed a gap in the literature on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve uptake rates of cervical cancer screening through tailored provision for specific groups of underserved women
Consensus and Disagreement: Information Aggregation under (Not So) Naive Learning
No full textInternational audienceWe explore a model of non-Bayesian information aggregation in networks. Agents noncooperatively choose among Friedkin-Johnsen-type aggregation rules to maximize payoffs. The DeGroot rule is chosen in equilibrium if and only if there is noiseless information transmission, leading to consensus. With noisy transmission, while some disagreement is inevitable, the optimal choice of rule amplifies the disagreement: even with little noise, individuals place substantial weight on their own initial opinion in every period, exacerbating the disagreement. We use this framework to think about equilibrium versus socially efficient choice of rules and its connection to polarization of opinions across groups
Opposing Firm-Level Responses to the China Shock: Output Competition versus Input Supply
No full textInternational audienceWe decompose the “China shock” into two components that induce different adjustments for firms exposed to Chinese exports: an output shock affecting firms selling goods that compete with similar imported Chinese goods, and an input supply shock affecting firms using inputs similar to the imported Chinese goods. Combining French accounting, customs, and patent information at the firm level, we show that the output shock is detrimental to firms’ sales, employment, and innovation. Moreover, this negative impact is concentrated in low-productivity firms. On the other hand, the impact of the input supply shock is reversed
A Year Older, A Year Wiser (and Farther from Frontier): Invention Rents and Human Capital Depreciation
No full textInternational audienceWe look at how the arrival of an invention affects wage returns and the probability of moving out of employment for white- and blue-collar co-workers of the inventor. First results suggest that older workers are hurt by the arrival of an invention. This negative effect disappears when we control for education and, in particular, for the time since obtaining the last formal degree, that is, distance to human capital frontier. If anything, this effect is slightly higher for non-STEM than STEM-educated co-workers. This result suggests that retraining programs could be helpful in making the process of creative destruction and economic growth more inclusive
I Can't Forget About U: Lifetime Unemployment and Retirement Well-being
No full textIt is well-known that unemployment leaves scars after re-employment, but does this scarring effect persist even after retirement? We analyse European data on retirees from the SHARE panel, and show that the well-being of the retired continues to reflect the unemployment that they experienced over their working life. These scarring effects are somewhat smaller for older retirees, but larger for those who arguably had higher expectations regarding the labour market when they were active. The lower well-being from lifetime unemployment does not reflect lower retirement income. This long-run scarring for those who have left the labour market underlines that contemporaneous correlations significantly under-estimate the well-being cost of unemployment
Who gets to stay? How mass layoffs reshape firms' skills structure
No full textThis paper contests the traditional view of layoffs as solely reactive to negative economic conditions. Using survey and administrative French data, we provide evidence on how firms strategically utilize mass layoffs to restructure their workforce composition. First, we investigate if firms use layoffs to shift their skill requirements. Analyzing both layoff and matched non-layoff firms, we find firms significantly increase the requirements for social skills while decreasing dependence on manual and cognitive skills requirements after layoffs. This suggests a premeditated reshaping of the workforce instead of a costcutting practice. Secondly, we explore the factors influencing selection into displacement during layoffs. We focus on three key aspects: skills mismatch, relative worker quality, and perceived monetary cost. Our findings highlight the significant role of skill mismatch and worker quality in determining dismissal, suggesting firms actively select based on strategic needs. By revealing the strategic nature of mass layoffs and their impact on skills composition and worker selection, this paper offers valuable insights into the understanding of workforce adjustment. Such insights are relevant for policy design
La datation des cycles économiques français : une revue de la littérature
No full textInternational audienceAprès avoir tiré les leçons de l’histoire des cycles économiques avant et après Keynes, les aspects méthodologiques relatifs à la mesure et à la modélisation des cycles font l’objet d’une description approfondie. Se centrant ensuite sur la France, l’ouvrage propose une détermination des dates des phases de récession et d’expansion de l’économie française depuis 1970.La méthodologie retenue est originale, mêlant approches économétriques et narrative, et permet d’obtenir une datation précise des points de retournement du cycle économique français
Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people
No full textUsing provisions to ease the movement of business visitors in trade agreements, we show that removing barriers to the movement of business people promotes trade. We document the increasing complexity of Free Trade Agreements and develop an algorithm that combines machine learning and text analysis techniques to examine the content of FTAs. We use the algorithm to determine which FTAs include provisions to facilitate the movement of business people and whether these are included in dispute settlement mechanisms. We show that provisions facilitating business travel are effective in promoting them and eventually increase bilateral trade flows. The paper provides (indirect) evidence of the role of face-toface interaction on aggregate bilateral trade flows
A Theory of Self-Prospection
No full textA present-biased decision maker (DM) faces a two-armed bandit problem whose risky arm generates random payoffs at exponentially distributed times. The DM learns about payoff arrivals through informative feedback. At the unique stationary Markov perfect equilibrium of the multi-self game, positive feedback supports greater equilibrium welfare than both negative and transparent feedback. Regardless of the form of feedback, the DM's behavior exhibits indecision, deriving from their desire to procrastinate. We relate our findings to the theory of self-prospection -the process of imagining future goals and outcomes when seeking motivation in the present
Comment prendre en compte le coût supplémentaire lié au handicap dans la mesure du niveau de vie des ménages en France ?
No full textInternational audienceWe study how to adapt the statistical measurement of standard of living in France to take into account the additional needs of households in which a disabled person lives. We use the standard of living approach developed by Berthoud et al. (1993) and expanded upon by Zaidi & Burchardt (2005). Using the French Statistiques sur les ressources et les conditions de vie (SRCV) survey on income and living conditions, this approach is applied to ordinary households living in metropolitan France from 2017 to 2019. We compare two indicators of standard of living, the feeling of financial well-being and the number of material deprivations, and we assess disability based on the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI). The additional cost due to disability is estimated to be more than 30% of disposable income, regardless of the standard of living indicator. If this additional cost were taken into account, four households out of ten in which a disabled person lives would be in a situation of monetary poverty.Nous étudions comment adapter la mesure statistique du niveau de vie en France pour prendre en compte les besoins supplémentaires des ménages dans lesquels vit une personne handicapée. Nous mobilisons l’approche par le niveau de vie développée par Berthoud et al. (1993) et étendue par Zaidi & Burchardt (2005). À l’appui de l’enquête Statistiques sur les ressources et les conditions de vie (SRCV), cette approche est appliquée aux ménages ordinaires résidant en France métropolitaine pour la période 2017 à 2019. Nous confrontons deux indicateurs de niveau de vie, le sentiment d’aisance financière et le nombre de privations matérielles, et appréhendons le handicap à partir de l’indicateur GALI (Global Activity Limitation Indicator). Le coût supplémentaire lié au handicap est estimé à plus de 30 % du revenu disponible quel que soit l’indicateur de niveau de vie. En tenant compte de ce coût supplémentaire, quatre ménages où vit une personne handicapée sur dix seraient en situation de pauvreté monétaire