Portail HAL Paris School of Economics (PSE)
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Big hits in export growth
No full textInternational audienceThis paper identifies export accelerations at the country pair-product level that are large enough to drive aggregate export growth in the medium run. In a sample of 100 countries, these export “big hits” are rare, less than 2 percent of all export spells, yet account for over two-thirds of export growth in a given country. The paper then explores their microfoundations using matched customs-census firm-level data for France. We find that typically, two firms are sufficient to generate a big hit and these firms’ access to external financing is key to their ability to drive export success. Moreover, big hits spread within firms across destinations and products. Our results offer new evidence on the granularity of export growth by linking micro-level entrepreneurial decisions with country-level export outcomes
Stable outcomes in simple cooperative games
No full textInternational audienceIn a cooperative game, coalitions are the fundamental behavioral units. Stable outcomes (in the core) are those blocked by no coalition. This paper has two objectives. First, building on the notion of intermediate preferences indexed by a median graph, I unify and extend previous results on the existence of stable outcomes in simple games. Second, I review how and when the core approach applies in more general settings and may help to predict the stable splitting of a whole group into disjoint coalitions
Simple visibility design in network games
No full textInternational audienceIndividuals interact through social media networks by posting contributions, comments and the like. These actions entail complementarities and generate spillovers. A social media carefully designs its platform, often with the objective of increasing users' activity. Here I study visibility strategies, which promote some individuals by making their contributions more visible than others'. Under some specifications, optimal strategies are simple, making visible the individuals whose total impact (total number of followers for example) is maximal. Comparisons with other targeting strategies are discussed
New Russian Economic History
No full textThis version also exists as CEPR Discussion Paper n°17244.International audienceThis survey discusses recent developments in the growing literature on the Russian economic history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Using novel data and modern empirical methods, this research generates new insights and provides important lessons for development economics and political economy. We organize the discussion around four strands of this literature. First, we summarize and put in comparative perspective research on the long-term trends in economic development and living standards, which shows that throughout history Russia significantly underperformed advanced economies. We also compile reliable quantifications of the human cost of Stalin’s dictatorship. Second, we discuss new studies of imperial Russia that partially confirm Gerschenkron’s classic conjecture on the institutional explanation for Russia’s relatively low level of economic development and on the causes of the revolution. The third strand of the literature focuses on the Soviet period and explains its slowdown over time and the eventual collapse of the system by the command economy’s inability to provide incentives to individual agents. The fourth strand documents the long-term economic, social, and political consequences of large-scale historical experiments that took place during both the imperial and the Soviet periods. We conclude by discussing the lessons from these four strands of the literature and highlight open questions for future research
Splitting games over finite sets
No full textEarly Access MAY 2022National audienceThis paper studies zero-sum splitting games with finite sets of states. Players dynamically choose a pair of martingales {pt,qt}t, in order to control a terminal payoff u(p∞,q∞). A first part introduces the notion of “Mertens–Zamir transform" of a real-valued matrix and use it to approximate the solution of the Mertens–Zamir system for continuous functions on the square [0,1]2. A second part considers the general case of finite splitting games with arbitrary correspondences containing the Dirac mass on the current state: building on Laraki and Renault (Math Oper Res 45:1237–1257, 2020), we show that the value exists by constructing non Markovian ε-optimal strategies and we characterize it as the unique concave-convex function satisfying two new conditions
Changing inequalities in Europe and North America: part two
No full textInternational audienceThis special issue is the second in a two‐part series on the evolution of labour market and disposable income inequalities over recent decades in 17 high‐income countries in Europe and North America. In this Introduction, we provide additional background for the cross‐country project, which has been conducted in parallel to the wider IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities. We briefly summarise the key trends and findings of the papers that cover five Western European countries and four Southern European countries, and a companion paper on the role of education and intergenerational mobility across all 17 countries
La réintégration, une façon de redevenir français
No full textInternational audienceEach year, around 100,000 people acquire French nationality, most often based on their family situation (marriage, birth and childhood in France, being parents of French children, etc.). These acquisitions of nationality are also linked to historical and geopolitical transformations. Since the early 1960s, more than 200,000 individuals who lost their French nationality, in many cases when colonized territories became independent, have been reintegrated. The history of reintegration, a discreet and little-known procedure, sheds light on some of the ‘nationality trouble’ of the post-colonial era.Chaque année, autour de 100 000 personnes acquièrent la nationalité française, le plus souvent en lien avec leur situation familiale (mariage, naissance et enfance en France, parents d’enfants français…). Ces acquisitions de nationalité tiennent aussi aux mutations historiques et géopolitiques. Ainsi depuis le début des années 1960, plus de 200 000 personnes sont redevenues françaises après avoir perdu cette nationalité, en particulier lors de l’accès à l’indépendance de territoires colonisés. Cette procédure discrète et méconnue permet d’éclairer certains des « troubles dans la nationalité » de l’ère postcoloniale
Matter matters: Efficient recycling policies under tight markets for scrap
No full textInternational audienc
Matter matters: Efficient recycling policies under tight markets for scrap
No full textInternational audienc
Do not Blame Bellman: It Is Koopmans' Fault
No full textInternational audienceWe provide a unified approach to stochastic dynamic programming with recursive utility based on an elementary application of Tarski's fixed point theorem. We establish that the exclusive source of multiple values is the presence of multiple recursive utilities consistent with the given aggregator, each yielding a legitimate value of the recursive program. We also present sufficient conditions ensuring a unique value of the recursive program in some circumstances. Overall, acknowledging the unavoidable failure of uniqueness in general, we argue that the greatest fixed point of the Bellman operator should have a privileged position