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Funding Mechanisms for Higher Education: A Marketing Perspective
No full textThis paper develops an analytical model to investigate the impact of governmental funding of higher education on educational outcomes including tuition, graduation rates, and enrollment. Assuming that students make an enrollment decision based on tuition, graduation rate, and labor market prospects, we show that push and pull funding strategies are equally effective in lowering net tuition and in increasing enrollment, the expected graduation rate, and social welfare without compromising the academic standards. We also show that a policy change from enrollment-based funding to performance-based funding raises graduation rates but does not necessarily improve the performance of the education system
What’s in a Cake? A Note on Masterpiece Cakeshop Ltd. V. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
No full textTwenty years ago, on early morning of 7 October 1998, a mountain bike rider cycling through the prairies surrounding Laramie, Wyoming, casually bumped into the body of a 21-year-old boy. His hands were tied to a fence with an iron thread and his face had been so badly disfigured that he resembled a scarecrow. Investigations soon unveiled that the boy, whose name was Matthew Shepard, had been beaten to death by two men because he was gay. Shepard’s brutal murder not only caused an acceleration of the development of the gay rights movement in the United States, but also vividly symbolized a conflict that existed – and exists today – in American society. In fact, “as Matt lay in the hospital just a few miles away, a float in the parade [at the Colorado State University] carried a scarecrow draped in anti-gay epithets” (B. Loffreda, Losing Matthew Shepard: Life and Politics in the Aftermath of Anti-Gay Murder, Columbia UP, 2000, 11), while at Matthew’s funeral “a very vocal group of people that condoned the brutality” held the sign “Fags Die God Laughs” (M. Cobb, God Hates Fags. The Rethorics of Religious Violence, NYU Press, 2006, 2). According to the Supreme Court, the Constitution allows gays and lesbians to take part in the public debate and seek protection from discrimination, but at the same time shields anti-gay funeral picketing as free speech [see respectively Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996) and Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U.S. 443 (2011)]
Completing Markets With Contracts: Evidence From the First Central Clearing Counterparty
No full textI study a contracting innovation that suddenly insulated traders of hedging contracts against counterparty risk: central clearing counterparties (CCPs) for derivatives. The first CCP was created in Le Havre (France) in 1882, in the coffee futures market. Using triple difference-in-differences estimation, I show that central clearing changed the geography of trade flows Europe-wide, to the benefit of Le Havre. Inspecting the mechanism using trader-level data, I find that the CCP solved both a "missing market" problem and adverse selection issues. Central clearing also facilitated entry of new traders in the market. The successful contracting innovation quickly spread to other exchanges
Disinformation and Propaganda – Impact on the Functioning of the Rule of Law in the EU and its Member States
No full textThis study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs and requested by the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, assesses the impact of disinformation and strategic political propaganda disseminated through online social media sites. It examines effects on the functioning of the rule of law, democracy and fundamental rights in the EU and its Member States.The study formulates recommendations on how to tackle this threat to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. It specifically addresses the role of social media platform providers in this regard
Ladies First, Gentlemen Third! The Effect of Narrative Perspective on Medical Crowdfunding
No full textAs medical crowdfunding becomes increasingly popular, many fundraising campaigns fail to collect enough donations for patients in need and therefore it is important to explore how to craft an effective fundraising campaign. In practice, a majority of fundraising campaigns are narrated from the third-person perspective without knowing whether narrating from the third-person perspective is the most effective approach or not. In this research, we draw upon multiple theories and propose that the relative effectiveness of the first- vs. third-person perspective depends on patient gender. To test the hypotheses, we conduct a randomized field experiment on a leading medical crowdfunding platform in China, involving more than 1.2 million potential donors. The empirical results show that the third-person perspective is more effective in motivating donation-related behaviors for male-patient fundraising campaigns, whereas the first-person perspective is more effective for female-patient fundraising campaigns. Furthermore, we find that the choice of the narrative perspectives matters more for potential donors who do not yet have many historical donations or have fewer friends with donations on the focal fundraising campaigns. The findings generate important theoretical and managerial implications for medical crowdfunding
Establishing relationships with distant suppliers to explore discontinuous innovation
No full textInternational audienceA controversy exists in the literature regarding the type of suppliers to consider when leveraging external knowledge for exploring discontinuous innovation (DI): familiar suppliers or distant ones. We argue that firms pursuing DI should establish relationships with distant suppliers along cognitive and relational dimensions and that this requires a specific process. Based on a longitudinal study of a firm that developed such relationships and succeeded in exploring DI, we find that firms can develop such relationships through an approach with three main characteristics: 1) a documented mapping coupling identified DI concepts and their underlying technologies with potential suppliers who master and can provide such technologies; 2) a structured and transparent process supporting mutual and progressive commitment; 3) a specific dedicated entity, separate from the rest of the firm, but at the same time connected to the experts who master the internal knowledge to be combined with the leveraged external knowledge as well as the top managers who will make the decisions regarding further development of the explored opportunities for DI. Simultaneous cooperation with both distant and familiar suppliers enables firms to achieve ambidextrous sourcing and pursue both incremental innovation and DI
The Deployment of Reverse Innovations: Adaptations from Emerging to Advanced Markets
No full textInternational audienc
Arsenite and chromate sequestration onto ferrihydrite, siderite and goethite nanostructured minerals: Isotherms from flow-through reactor experiments and XAS measurements
No full textInternational audienceSorption isotherms remain a major tool to describe and predict the mobility of pollutants in natural and an-thropogenic environments, but they are typically determined by independent batch experiments. In the present study, the sequestration of As(III), Cr(VI) and competitive As(III)-Cr(VI) on/in 6L-ferrihydrite, siderite and goethite nanostructured minerals was reinvestigated using stirred flow-through reactor experiments. Herein, sorption isotherms were particularly determined from breakthrough curves for inert and reactive tracers monitored simultaneously in a single percolation experiment. In complement, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify As sorption sites on 6L-ferrihydrite and goethite. As expected, the minerals have high potential to remove As and Cr from water (siderite = ferrihydrite (about 60 mg/g) > goethite (20 mg/g)). As and Cr sorption isotherms were modelled with a Langmuir model, and with a sigmoidal Hill model in the case of the competitive sorption. XAS measurements have revealed that As(III) was partially oxidized (up to 22%) in the competitive system with chromate oxyanion Cr(VI). As(III) sorbed on ferrihydrite and goethite adopted edge-sharing and corner sharing complex geometries. Nowadays, a new class of adsorbing phases is being developed https://doi