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Analyzing technology licensing decisions with a real options perspective : a literature review and research agenda
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the growing trend towards Open Innovation, the market for technology licensing has experienced a tremendous growth since the beginning of the 1990s. This phenomenon has increased firms' strategy space, as they now have the choice between internal R&D or internal exploitation on the one hand, and external markets on the other hand. Yet, licensing decisions are particularly difficult to make because they display a high level of technical, commercial and legal uncertainty. Therefore, technology licensing requires highly proficient management. In this regard the real options (RO) framework appears quite promising, because it is adapted to uncertain contexts. Patents have been early recognized by the literature as real options, and we have anecdotal evidence of the use of real options by firms for their licensing decisions. In this article, our objective is to review the patent strategy literature dealing with real options, and lay out a foundation for future research on the application of the RO framework to licensing decisions. We find that the literature has concentrated on the use of real options in the domain of patent rights management, while RO applications to licensing decisions remain limited to specific uses. We therefore systematically investigate whether the various types of licensing-in and licensing-out decisions follow a real options logic. We find that not all licensing decisions can be analogized to real options. Key determinants of the real options logic are in particular the maturity of the licensed technology, and the motivations pursued by the innovator to license-out the technology. We analyze the potential benefits and limits of applying real options to licensing decisions, both from a managerial and academic perspective. Finally, we derive a research agenda from our analysis
Reputational spillovers: evidence from french architecture
No full textInternational audienceWhile the notion of reputation has attracted much scholarly interest, few studies haveaddressed the strategic issue of reputational multiplicity and managing the interactions amongdifferent types of reputations. We suggest that an organization can have several stakeholderspecificreputations – peer, market, and expert – and that reputational spillover effects (thecontinued influence of one reputation on another) matter at the organizational level. We testreputational spillovers on 42 French architecture companies over a period of 30 years. Ourresults show that over time, the three reputations interact with each other, generating positivespillovers, with the exception of market and expert reputations. We contribute by explaininghow interconnected organizational reputations among different stakeholders can interact overtime, how companies can strategically manage reputational spillovers, and how suchspillovers influence organizations in creative and professional industries
Trust-building in international business ventures
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: This article investigates collaboration and coordination practices in the organization whose members come from two countries that differ dramatically in generalized trust: Poland and the United States.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative field study conducted in Silicon Valley-based American-Polish start-up joint venture. Findings: There are three mechanisms can facilitate collaboration in organizations that differ in generalized trust: frequent interaction that may form a basis for knowledge-based trust, professional cultures that provide common platform for communication, and the presence of intermediaries that possess understanding and ability to communicate of both cultures. Practical implications: The findings can be applied in the context of offshoring projects in knowledge intensive industries.Originality/value: Research presented in this paper investigates collaboration of parties from low-trust and high-trust cultures within one business venture
Investigating the Impact of Digital Data Genesis Dynamic Capability on Data Quality and Data Accessibility
No full textInternational audienceIn the big data era, huge amount of data are created in digital forms. Due to the frequent technological changes and developments that are happening in this era, organisations need to constantly match with market changes. Therefore they need to develop dynamic capabilities based on digital data, in order to reach valuable outputs. Specifically, this study examines whether the development of the Digital Data Genesis dynamic capability in firms leads to valuable outputs: data quality and data accessibility. We empirically test our model using a questionnaire-based survey answered by 125 sales managers. Results suggest that firms able to develop dynamic capabilities based on digital data obtain higher outputs in terms of data quality and accessibility. Managerial implications of our results are finally offered
Numérique et évolution des compétences des salariés
No full textLivre blanc du HRM Digital LabTélécom Ecole de Management dévoile une étude qui montre la nécessité de mieux accompagner les salariés dans la transformation numérique des organisations.L’étude, intitulée « Numérique et évolution des compétences des salariés », a été réalisée par une équipe des étudiants de Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM) et dirigée par Emmanuel Baudoin, responsable de la majeure Management des Ressources Humaines à TEM. Effectuée dans le cadre du projet « Pour un grenelle du Numérique » de la société CGI et de la publication du livre blanc « le numérique est une chance à saisir pour la France », l’étude a été menée auprès de 255 salariés de différents secteurs
Fourth Generation Mobile Communication – The Path to Superfast Connectivity, Peter Curwen, Jason Whalley. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2013). 237 pp. including index plus preface, table of contents, list of figures and tables, Hardback, £53.99, ISBN 978-3-319-02209-3
No full textCompte-rendu de : Fourth Generation Mobile Communication : The Path to Superfast Connectivity / Peter Curwen, Jason Whalley.. - Cham : Springer, 2013. - 1 vol. (xv-237p.) ; 25 cm. - (Management for Professionals, ISSN 2192-8096) (Business and Economics (Springer-11643)) . - Notes bibliographiques. ISBN 978-3-319-02209-3 (rel.). - EAN 9783319022093International audienc
Internationalisation, gestion des risques et compliance. Le cas d'Airbus Group
No full textInternational audienceComme d'autres groupes présents à l'international, Airbus Group est confronté à de nombreux risques de toute nature (connus et inconnus) en interne et en externe susceptibles d'affecter sa stratégie et plus précisément ses performances commerciales, industrielles, technologiques et financières. Airbus Group est ainsi très dépendant (et notamment son activité de transport aérien) de la situation économique et géopolitique mondiale, qui influe sur le tourisme et les voyages d'affaires, mais également du prix du pétrole, et de la conversion euro/dollar. Les pratiques des affaires peuvent être différentes selon les pays dans lesquels Airbus Group exporte ce qui l'amène à adopter plusieurs codes " de bonne conduite " et à mettre en pratique des dispositifs de mise en conformité (compliance) et plus largement de RSE. En interne, la diversité des ressources humaines et la constitution d'équipes multinationales complexifient le management international de cette entrepris
La transformation numérique : état de l'art et perspectives
No full textNational audienceLa dynamique de la transformation numérique des entreprises et l'accélération du progrès technologique ont aussi révolutionné le monde de l'industrie. L'application des technologies numériques dans le secteur industriel a permis la gestion et le pilotage à distance des infrastructures de production. L'industrie est devenue ainsi plus intelligente à l'ère de l'Internet Industriel. Au-delà des aspects technologiques, la transformation numérique induit un changement profond dans les organisations et une véritable remise en question sur la manière d'adresser les marchés et d'offrir des produits et services. Malgré la richesse du sujet et les implications multidimensionnelles en entreprise, la transformation numérique des entreprises est aujourd'hui très peu explorée dans la littérature. C'est pourquoi notre problématique dans ce papier est la suivante : Quelles sont les perspectives et les orientations pour la recherche sur la transformation numérique des entreprises ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous présenterons tout d'abord la méthodologie utilisée dans le cadre de cette étude. Puis nous définirons la transformation numérique et présenterons ses différentes dimensions en entreprise. Enfin, nous proposerons un agenda de recherche
Situation Analyses Business Transfer Ecosystem in France: Situation Analysis in 2015
No full textThis document reports the situational analysis of business transfer ecosystem in France as it stands in early 2015. In France there are no dedicated public datasets about ownership transfers. Ownership transfers can be deduced from different sources (e.g. Insee, Infogreffe, Diane, etc.), which result slightly different numbers about realized business transfers. Depending on the source, there are around 50 000 potential firms to be transferred each year in France (including all sizes, types, and industries). The French statistic organism (INSEE) does not count the creation of holding to the purpose of buying a target as transfers but as creations from scratch.Some of the key actors of the SME ownership transfer market carry out surveys about the ecosystem. For example, CNCFA and Epsilon Research survey the ownership transfer market each year since 2010. DG Tresor (governmental organization), Groupe BPCE (private bank), CRA (National association for SME transfers), and BPI France (a public investment bank) also publish reports and studies about ownerships transfers in France.The material for this report comes from these above secondary sources and interviews with some of the key actors in the SME ownership transfer market. The interviewed actors were AFIC (Association Français des Investisseurs pour la Croissance), CCI (Chamber of Commerce and Industry), CNCFA (Syndicat des Professionnels des Fusions et Acquisitions), CRA (Cédants et Repreneurs d’Affaires), CGPME (Confédération généraledes petites et moyennes entreprises), and Reseau Entreprendre Isère. The interviews were carried out by the authors of this report. Each interview produced a mini-case about an actor in the SME markets. The mini-cases can be found from the appendixes of this report.To put the business transfers in its proper context, there were around 3.14 million firms (non-agricultural) in France in 2011, of which 243 were big, 5 000 mid-size, 138 000 SMEs, and 3 million micro-firms. On average there are 500-550 000 new entries (of which around 5% employ more than one person) and 50-60 000 exists each year in France