State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification
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Методики оцінювання ефективності відновлення озброєння та військової техніки Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України
Get PDFThe high efficiency of the use of military units and individual units (groups) of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conduct of combat operations (operations) is directly related to the constant support of weapons and military equipment in full combat readiness for use. For constant support there is a logistics system with functions of providing military units and units of armament and military equipment, their maintenance and repair. The article presents methods of assessment of efficiency of restoration of ground models of armament and military equipment of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine both as part of the group of troops and in military units and individual units. Methods allow to assess the effectiveness of the recovery of armament and military both as an integral system of logistics of the group of troops and military unit (a separate unit), the effectiveness of each component (technical reconnaissance, evacuation, repair)and, also, based on the results of the received data, to develop recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the components and the restoration of armament and military equipment in general.Висока ефективність застосування військових частин та окремих підрозділів (угрупувань) Повітряних Сил (ПС) Збройних Сил (ЗС) України в умовах ведення бойових дій (операцій) безпосередньо пов’язана з постійною підтримкою озброєння та військової техніки (ОВТ) у повній бойовій готовності до застосування. Для такої постійної підтримки існує система логістичного забезпечення (ЛЗ) з функціями забезпечення військових частин і підрозділів ОВТ, їх технічним обслуговуванням та відновленням (ремонтом). У статті представлено методики щодо оцінки ефективності відновлення наземних зразків ОВТ ПС ЗС України як у складі угруповання військ, так і у військових частинах та окремих підрозділах. Методики дозволяють оцінити ефективність відновлення ОВТ, як складової системи ЛЗ угруповання військ, так і військової частини (окремого підрозділу), ефективність кожної складової (технічної розвідки, евакуації, ремонту), а також, за результатами отриманих даних, виробити рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності функціонування складових та системи відновлення ОВТ у цілому
Метод швидкого відновлення зразків озброєння та автомобільної техніки прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування за критерієм забезпечення їх живучості
Get PDFTo ensure the successful implementation of various combat missions within the national resistance to aggression against the russian federation, along with units and formations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the National Guard of Ukraine, the reserves of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine also take part in defense activities.
They operate as part of combat border commandant's offices and border rapid response units, as well as other units that can be conditionally united under a common name – border rapid response units.
In order to succeed in these military operations for border rapid response units, a special role, along with the suddenness, intensity and courage of action, is played by the issue of ensuring their survivability by rapidly restoring their weapons and vehicles.
The article reveals the essence and content of the proposed method of rapid recovery of weapons and vehicles of border rapid response units on the criterion of ensuring their survivability.
The article presents aspects of scientific research that reveal the concept of the criterion and its essence to assess the level of achievement of the goal of autotechnical support of combat operations of border rapid response units.
The essence of the proposed method is to use the criterion of ensuring the survivability of border rapid response units through a compromise of their firepower and mobility.
The novelty of the proposed method of rapid recovery of automotive equipment and armament of border rapid response units on the criterion of ensuring their survivability is that, unlike existing ones, it takes into account possible risks and options for border emergency response units in conditions of uncertainty.
The use of the main provisions of the proposed method will provide practical recommendations for the organization of rapid recovery of automotive equipment and armament of border rapid response units in combat conditions of a special period.У статті розкрито сутність та зміст методу швидкого відновлення зразків озброєння та автомобільної техніки прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування за критерієм забезпечення їх живучості.
У статті наведені аспекти наукових досліджень, що розкривають поняття критерію живучості та його сутності для оцінки рівня досягнення мети автотехнічного забезпечення бойових дій прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування.
Сутність запропонованого методу полягає у використанні критерію забезпечення живучості прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування через компромісне забезпечення їх вогневої потужності та рухомості.
Новизна запропонованого методу швидкого відновлення зразків озброєння та автомобільної техніки прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування за критерієм забезпечення їх живучості полягає в тому, що на відміну від існуючих, він враховує можливі ризики та варіанти обстановки для дій прикордонних підрозділів швидкого реагування в умовах невизначеності
НАПРЯМКИ ЩОДО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН (ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ) ПРИ РОЗМІЩЕННІ У ПОЛЬОВИХ УМОВАХ В СУЧАСНИХ ЗБРОЙНИХ КОНФЛІКТАХ
Get PDFEnsuring the security and reliable defense of a military camp is necessary for any locality. However, due to the specificity and limitations of each region, they lead to the usage of appropriate measures that are adapted to the existing reality. Other issues related to the organization and maintenance of the field camp are determined primarily by security considerations. Therefore, the camp operates as a fully integrated system of deployed armed forces infrastructure which is designed to initially provide basic services and facilities for the location with the ability to improve over time by adapting to needs. The functional structure allows you to predict the spatial distribution of objects and improve the organization of the entire field camp. There are two main types of infrastructure within the camp: service and logistics (rear). In the conditions of operations as part of foreign missions, armed contingents of the NATO member states armies equip field camps of various types. According to the duration of usage, field camps are divided into: mobile (short term of placement), typical (up to a year) and foreign garrisons – large points of long-term placement of a military contingent (term of more than a year). The key task regarding the deployment of field camps is the placement of combat units (units) with all equipment, weapons, military and special equipment and other means in the deployment areas without long-term preparation of the infrastructure and material and technical base. The article presents the analysis, principles and approaches to the construction of the necessary infrastructure for the field deployment of armed contingents of the NATO armies member states when performing missions. The structure of a modern universal mobile complex of logistics support is determined and it consists of mobile modules (platforms) corresponding to their specific purpose. The ways of new global developments in the system of locating and ensuring the vital activity of personnel during the execution of combat tasks are presented. Views were considered ,recommendations were made and directions for improving the system of logistical support of military units (units) when deployed in the field in modern armed conflicts were discussed, as well as the expediency of equipping field camps according to the block-module system.У статті представлено аналіз, принципи і підходи щодо будівництва необхідної інфраструктури польового розміщення збройних контингентів армій держав – членів НАТО при виконанні місій. Визначено структуру сучасного універсального мобільного комплексу логістичного забезпечення (ЛЗ), якій складається з відповідних за своїм специфічним призначенням мобільних модулів (платформ). Представлені шляхи нових світових розробок у системі розташування та забезпечення життєдіяльності особового складу під час виконання бойових завдань. Розглянуто погляди та надані рекомендації і висвітлені напрямки щодо удосконалення системи ЛЗ військових частин (підрозділів) при розміщенні у польових умовах в сучасних збройних конфліктах, а також доцільність обладнання польових таборів за блочно-модульною системою
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ АЕРОДИНАМІЧНОЇ ІНТЕРФЕРЕНЦІЇ ПРИ СТВОРЕННІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНИХ ЛІТАКІВ
Get PDFThere are presented the results of the main approaches analysis to modeling aerodynamic interference in the development of perspective aircrafts.
The use of the methodological approaches proposed in the article will make it possible to determine the optimal aircraft layout in the formulation of the “wing-fuselage-engine” on the results of the achieved total aerodynamic characteristics.
Analysis of modern armed conflicts shows that in most cases the use of aviation has a decisive influence on the outcome. Taking this into account, the main direction for the development of state aviation of Ukraine in the long term, with regard to the renewal of military transport aircraft fleet, is the designing and production of domestic planes. Nowadays, the world’s leading aircraft manufacturing companies (Airbus, Boeing and others) are working on the creation of competitive aircraft which are based on conceptually new schemes. This is because optimizing the shape of an aircraft can improve performance by only fraction of a percent while changes in the aircraft layout can lead to more significant positive results. Aerodynamic interference between the components of designed aircraft layout is relatively large and even minor changes in the geometry of one of the parts can significantly affect the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft. It is especially important to investigate the interference of working engines and airframe at different phases of flight at the stage of aircraft design.
The purpose of the article is to present the results of the main approaches and methods analysis that can be used in modeling aerodynamic interference which is important in determining the total aerodynamic characteristics of advanced aircraft at the designing stage. This article uses the following research methods and methodologies:
proven computational methods for optimizing the shape of an aircraft at the initial designing stage;
boundary element methods, which are used to calculate potential flows, are also called methods of hydrodynamic singularities;
numerical methods for studying the process of flow around bodies are used to study aero hydrodynamics based on various combinations of distributed and discrete hydrodynamic singularities;
the numerical-analytical method and the panel method are used to calculate the carrier and moment characteristics of the airfoil in the framework of an ideal fluid;
calculations based on the Navier-Stokes equations with a set of turbulence models are used for more complete and reliable information for calculating the carrier and moment characteristics of the airfoil;
the discrete vortex method is used when the engine and the airframe are not considered separately from each other, but together;
an iterative combination of the panel method with subsequent solution of the boundary layer equations for calculating the inviscid flow is used to take into account the effect of viscosity on the aerodynamic characteristics of the
Conclusion: For solving problems of aerodynamic interference, the most suitable methods of the ideal fluid are the numerical-analytical and panel ones. More complete and reliable information on the calculation of the carrier and moment characteristics of the airfoil can be obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations with a set of turbulence models. For those cases when it is necessary to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft that is designed with high accuracy.It is advisable to experimentally determine the corrections that are associated with the influence of operating engines.У статті представлено результати аналізу основних підходів до моделювання аеродинамічної інтерференції при створенні перспективних літаків. Використання запропонованих в статті методичних підходів дають можливість визначити оптимальне компонування літального апарату в постановці “крило- фюзеляж-силова установка”, за результатами досягнутих при цьому сумарних аеродинамічних характеристик літака
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОДЕРНІЗОВАНОГО ЛІТАКА Ан-26 ДООБЛАДНАНОГО КОНТЕЙНЕРАМИ ІЗ ЗАСОБАМИ ЗАХИСТУ ВІД КЕРОВАНИХ РАКЕТ
Get PDFTo date, given the significant losses in the east of our country during the Russian-Ukrainian war, there is an urgent need to provide protection for both the crew and aircraft in general. The retrofitting of the An-26 aircraft with modernized containers with means of protection against guided missiles resolved a number of issues raised. In the course of experimental research, the main combat, technical and operational characteristics of the An-26 aircraft, equipped with modernized containers with means of protection against guided missiles, were determined.
To study the main combat, technical and operational characteristics, an An-26 aircraft was presented, equipped with modernized containers, means of protection against guided missiles: a combined emission device and an optoelectronic countermeasure station.
The An-26 aircraft equipped with modernized containers with means of protection against guided missiles when working on the ground and in flight, is operational.
The main combat, technical and operational characteristics of the An-26 aircraft, equipped with modernized containers with means of protection against guided missiles, generally meet the requirements of regulatory documentation, except for incomplete completeness of optoelectronic countermeasures station, twice limited protection zone of the station in azimuth, and ineffectiveness of aircraft protection by thermal trap emission device in the radar spectral range of wavelengths with the help of pyrocartridges for the radar station of the self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system.
A comparative analysis of the main indicators of tactical and technical characteristics of the An-26 aircraft, upgraded with modernized containers with means of protection against guided missiles, before and after modernization, on the example of prototypes of containers with standard means of protection, reveals advantages and disadvantages of new means of protection.На сьогоднішній день найменш захищеними повітряними суднами від керованих ракет є літаки транспортної авіації. В зв’язку з чим виникла нагальна потреба в забезпеченні літаків типу Ан-26 засобами захисту від керованих ракет. В зв’язку з чим було проведено теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження. В ході досліджень визначені основні бойові, технічні та експлуатаційні характеристики літака Ан-26, дообладнаного модернізованими контейнерами із засобами захисту від керованих ракет
Особливості застосування системи вимірювання дульної швидкості SL-520РЕ та допплерівської радарної системи MFTR-2100/40 під час проведення випробувань артилерійського озброєння
Get PDFThe article presents a comparative analysis of test results in which the SL–520PЕ muzzle velocity measurement system and the MFTR – 2100/40 Doppler radar system were used. A set of recommendations is proposed, which are aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization and the quality of tests during which the parameters of the initial (muzzle) velocity of the measured objects are determined.
Qualitative testing of a wide range of new and modernized models of rocket and artillery armament largely depends on modern radar measurement systems.
Recently, the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Armed Forces of Ukraine) have been using the SL – 520PЕ muzzle velocity measurement system and the Doppler radar system MFTR – 2100/40 to determine the initial (muzzle) velocity and trajectory measurements of rocket and artillery armament.
The issue of checking the compliance of the parameters of modern models of rocket and artillery armament with the stated specifications is well-timed and is constantly in the focus of attention of the leadership of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The above mentioned determines the relevance of scientific research to solve the problem of testing rocket and artillery armament by developing a set of recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization and quality of tests during which the parameters of the initial (muzzle) velocity of measured objects are determined.
Thus, anticipating the urgency of this issue there was an initiation of research on the feasibility for use of SL–520PЕ muzzle velocity measurement system and the MFTR – 2100/40 Doppler radar system, taking into account their practical employment. Therefore, the author's team considers it appropriate to contemplate certain test methods using the above measurement systems.
The conducted research makes it possible to offer recommendations on setting the options Maximum Velocity, Tracking Time; to determine the magnitude of the minimum value of the start signal level, source of signal, and the optimal value of the angle (Elevation) of the SL–520PЕ antenna for reliable measurement of the initial (muzzle) velocity of artillery shells (mines) during a single shot or a series of shots of the artillery system; determination of the average initial (muzzle) velocity of artillery shells (min) in a series of shots; ensuring the transmission of measured data to the automated fire control system for calculation of ballistic range correction in the process of artillery firing and more efficient testing and certification of artillery weapons offered for procurement to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз матеріалів випробувань, в яких застосовувалися система вимірювань дульної швидкості SL–520PE та допплерівська радарна система MFTR–2100/40. Запропоновано комплекс рекомендацій, які направлені на підвищення ефективності організації та якості проведення випробувань, під час яких визначаються параметри початкової (дульної) швидкості об’єктів вимірювань
Використання перехідного кріплення для застосування лужної акумуляторної батареї
Get PDFIt is offered to use nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries in aviation equipment. Taking in consideration the positive experience of replacement of lead-acid batteries with nickel-cadmium batteries in aircrafts such as Su-24, Su- 25, Su-27 and due to the ban on the purchase of Russian-made goods for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, there was an urgent need to equip the transitional mounting aircraft L-39M1 for the use of alkaline battery NCSP B 25150 RM with better performance.
The aim is:
verification of compliance with the performance characteristics and the possibility of using the alkaline battery 20FP25H1C-R on the aircraft type L-39 with transitional mounting;
obtaining materials to clarify the flight manual and operating documentation of the aircraft type L-39 while using the battery NCSP B 25150 RM with transitional mounting;
determining the peculiarities of operation of the aircraft type L-39 with battery 20FP25H1C-R with transitional
The object of experimental research was the L-39M1 aircraft, equipped with a transitional mount for the use of serial alkaline battery NCSP B 25150 RM manufactured by HBL (India) instead of the acid battery 12CAM-28P.
Transitional mount for the use of alkaline batteries NCSP B 25150 RM on aircraft type L-39 is made in accordance with the design documentation of the state enterprise “Odessa Aviation Plant” (hereinafter – SE “OAP”) to order of the Air Force Command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Transitional mount is designed to mount the NCSP B 25150 RM battery on L-39 aircraft in a designated location.
Alkaline rechargeable battery (nickel-cadmium flameless spread) NCSP B 25150 RM is an emergency source of direct current electricity and is designed to provide short-term electricity to vital consumers in flight in the event of failure of the main and spare generators.
During the tests, the ground part, in the amount of 3 inspections and the flight part in the amount of 2 test flights were performed.
During the ground part of the tests, we tested the possibility of starting the engine AI-25TLSH from the emergency power supply, ensuring the work of consumers of the 1st category (when performing the task day and night) from the emergency power supply (rechargeable battery NCSP B 25150 RM).
During the flight part of the tests, the strength characteristics and properties of the transition mount were tested.
Alkaline rechargeable battery NCSP B 25150 RM confirmed its performance. The possibility of using the transitional mounting of the alkaline battery NCSP B 25150 on the aircraft type L-39 is provided.
The materials obtained during the tests are sufficient to clarify the operational documentation of the aircraft type L-39 while using the battery NCSP B 25150 RM with transitional mounting.
Features in the operation of the aircraft type L-39 with a battery type NCSP B 25150 RM with transitional mounting are missing.
An L-39 aircraft equipped with an NCSP B 25150 RM alkaline battery with transitional mounting may be approved for operation in the State Aviation of Ukraine.У статті наведені практичні результати випробувань щодо можливості використання перехідного кріплення для застосування нікель-кадмієвої акумуляторної батареї на літаку Л-39М1 в якості альтернативного аварійного джерела живлення взамін штатної акумуляторної батареї 12САМ-28П
Розроблення методики формування областей дозволених умов скидання керованих авіаційних бомб модульної конструкції
Get PDFThe armed aggression of the russian federation showed that the number of military formations does not give advantages on the battlefield. Thanks to skillful leadership and modern weapons, which include guided air bomb, it is possible to gain an advantage on a specific section of the front. Recently, the modern world trends are to increase the accuracy of ammunition damage. The effectiveness of guided air bomb damage in comparison with conventional air bombs is beyond doubt.
The method of forming regions of permitted dropping conditions of guided aerial bombs of modular design is a procedure for finding sets of vertices of the area of permitted dropping conditions. Its essence consists in selecting a subset of points with extreme properties from a set of some points in the space of phase states of the bomb. This procedure is iterative, convenient to implement, and the use of well-researched methods of linear programming allows to ensure computational stability of the procedure in the entire range of possible conditions of combat use of bombs.
The problem of optimal control is reduced to a boundary value problem – to find a solution to a system of equations whose phase coordinates satisfy the initial conditions and boundary conditions. In addition, according to the principle of the maximum, the Hamiltons function under optimal control should reach a maximum. Based on the results of research, it was established, that: function H reaches its maximum at the obtained control values; from the position obtained as a result of the solution of the minimax filtering algorithm with correction from the satellite navigation system, the hypothetical problem of optimal launch of the guided air bomb in the final control area is solved; a transition to a new position is made with the control obtained by solving the problem of optimal launch into the final control area; in the new position, the parameters of the guided air bomb own movement are monitored and filtered; the solution of the problem continues until the end of control of the guided air bomb.Методика формування областей дозволених умов скидання керованих авіаційних бомб модульної конструкції є процедурою пошуку множин вершин області дозволених умов скидання. Її сутність полягає у відборі з множини деяких точок у просторі фазових станів бомби підмножини точок з екстремальними властивостями. Ця процедура є ітеративною, зручною для реалізації, а застосування добре досліджених методів лінійного програмування дозволяє забезпечити обчислювальну стійкість процедури у всьому діапазоні можливих умов бойового застосування бомб
Характеристики виявлення при m-розподілі Накагамі
Get PDFDetection of a correlation signal against the background of noise (occurence) is an important task of primary information processing in modern radio engineering systems of information transmission, control, navigation, radio monitoring and radiolocation. The reception of radio signals is accompanied by many accidental factors, which lead to the fact that the additive mixture very often has a non-causal distribution. For this reason, the methods of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics are used for the acceptance and processing of the accepted signal, and the acceptance and detection is regarded as a mathematical problem.
Receiving capabilities of radio engineering systems are largely determined by the detection characteristics, which, in turn, depend on the tightness with the received signal. In order to ensure the compliance, it is necessary to know the law of distribution of the intensity and probability of the output effect of the receiver. The knowledge of the distribution of the probability of frequency determines the characteristics of the detection of the receiver of radio engineering systems and provides a wide range of functional possibilities in the execution of statistical tasks in the primary processing of information.
Analytical expressions that determine the probability of correct detection through the probability of the hibnothreshold signal/noise ratio at the receiver output for coherent signals with a uniform initial phase and a nakagami-like amplitude are presented.
On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions a family of curves was created for signal models, where fluctuations are very small or absent in general and which are adequately described by Nakagami’s law of dispersion.Отримано аналітичні вирази, які визначають імовірність правильного виявлення через імовірність хибної тривоги і відношення сигнал/шум на виході приймача для когерентних сигналів з рівноймовірною початковою фазою і накагамі-розподіленою амплітудою.
На основі отриманих аналітичних виразів побудовано сімейство кривих виявлення для моделей сигналів, де флуктуації досить малі або відсутні взагалі і які адекватно описуються законом розподілу Накагамі
Розробка загальних вимог до кліматичної камери змінного об’єму
Get PDFProblem statement. Analysis of Ukrainian standards, harmonized with NATO standards, has shown that during tests of armaments and military equipment, including armored vehicles and motor vehicles, is due to need to conduct tests for the effects of climatic factors. One of the types of testing for climatic factors is the determination of resistance to increase temperature, decrease temperature and increase humidity. To reproduce these conditions, climatic chambers of corresponding dimensions or variable volume chambers are used. The advantage of a climatic chamber with variable volume is its flexibility, i.e. depending on the overall dimensions of the test object its working volume can be changed, which in turn significantly reduces energy consumption and the time to reach the working mode of the chamber.
An important point when working out the general requirements for a climatic chamber of variable volume is to consider the requirements of international and national regulations in the field of defense. The most relevant are military standards that are harmonized with STANAG international military standards.
As of today, the Armed Forces of Ukraine lack measuring and testing facilities to assess armored vehicles and automotive equipment against the above-mentioned climatic characteristics. Creation of a climatic chamber of variable volume based on the developed general requirements will make it possible to obtain quantitative values of the characteristics to be assessed during tests.
The purpose of this article is to improve the efficiency of testing weapons and military equipment against external climatic factors by developing general requirements for a climatic chamber with variable volume.
Conclusions. The paper proposes general requirements for a climatic chamber with variable volume, which were worked out taking into account the requirements of international and national normative documents in the field of defense. The general requirements define the composition of the chamber, its purpose, basic tasks, possibilities, conditions of application, metrological assurance. Practical implementation of the obtained results consists in the possibility of their application during the development of tender documentation for the purchase of the chamber, which will ensure an increase in the efficiency of laboratory tests of various types of weapons and military equipment on the effects of climatic factors.Аналіз стандартів України, гармонізованих зі стандартами НАТО, показав, що під час випробувань озброєння та військової техніки, в тому числі бронетанкової та автомобільної техніки, виникає необхідність проведення перевірок на вплив кліматичних факторів. Одними із видів перевірок на вплив кліматичних факторів є визначення стійкості до впливу: підвищеної температури, пониженої температури, підвищеної вологості.
На сьогоднішній день в Збройних Силах Україні відсутні засоби вимірювань та випробувань для оцінки зразків бронетанкової та автомобільної техніки на вплив зазначених кліматичних характеристик. Створення кліматичної камери змінного об’єму на основі розроблених загальних вимог дозволить отримувати кількісні значення характеристик, які підлягають оцінюванню під час випробувань