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The Language Question and the Choice of Africa’s Lingua Franca: Is Kiswahili the Most Likely Candidate?
Get PDFThe thrust of this paper is that knowledge is power, and its issuance through another people’s languages in which foreign cultural values and inclination are embedded ensures the domination, dependence and non-creativity of a people. The paper is premised on the conviction that promotion and production of knowledge, through various channels, including the issuance of education by Africans, for Africans and in African languages, that truly reflects Africa’s challenges and dynamics, is an imperative for deconstructing the neo-liberal post-colonial narratives that have, by and large, overlooked the language question; and, in contributing positively towards the effective implementation of the development agenda for the continent. Taking the language question on board the continent’s development equation certainly contributes towards empowering the African masses in general. The paper shows how, in trying to highlight efforts that must be made to propel Africa to its desired future, Africa and Africans must play a big role in ensuring that the language question is mainstreamed into every aspect of life, including the education system and in research done on and about Africa. Above all, efforts must also be made to establish solid grounds for instituting a common lingua franca for the whole continent. The paper shows, and argues for the choice of Kiswahili as that lingua franca. 
Ufafanuzi Linganishi wa Kimofolojia katika Mizizi ya Vitenzi vya Kiswahili vyenye Asili ya Kiarabu na vile vya Kiswahili Asilia
Get PDFMakala hii inahusu ufafanuzi linganishi wa kimofolojia katika mizizi ya vitenzi vya Kiswahili vyenye asili ya Kiarabu na vile vya Kiswahili asilia. Lengo la ulinganishi huu ni kuweka wazi kufanana na kutofautiana kwa mizizi hiyo ili kuonesha mipaka iliyopo katika uchanganuzi wa vitenzi hivyo. Ulinganishaji huo umefanyika kwa kutumia data ya vitenzi iliyopatikana katika Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili ya BAKITA (2017). Pia, mifano na ufafanuzi uliotolewa na wataalamu mbalimbali kuhusu mizizi ya maneno ya Kiswahili imesaidia kuonesha ukweli kuhusu mizizi ya vitenzi vya Kiswahili asilia. Data hiyo imeshughulikiwa kwa kuzingatia kiunzi cha Nadharia ya Mofolojia Leksika, ambapo mihimili miwili ya nadharia hiyo imehusishwa. Mihimili iliyohusishwa ni kanuni ya kufuta mabano na kanuni ya mzunguko kamili. Kwa hiyo, ufanano na utofauti wa vitenzi hivyo umedhihirika. Katika mazingira kadhaa, mizizi ya vitenzi vya Kiswahili vyenye asili ya Kiarabu vimefanana na vya Kiswahili asilia kutokana na utegemezi wa mizizi yake na katika baadhi ya miundo ya mizizi. Pia, vitenzi vya Kiswahili vyenye asili ya Kiarabu vimetofautiana na vile vya Kiswahili asilia kutokana na vitenzi hivyo kuwa na mizizi huru michache na baadhi ya miundo ya mizizi hiyo kutofautiana
Transparency as a Tool in Realising Citizen Participation in the East African Community
Get PDFTransparency plays an important role in the realisation of a people-centred regional integration. In the East African Community (EAC) context, transparency is recognised as one of the operational principles ascribing the functioning of the organs of the Community. Despite being recognised under the East African Community Treaty, this principle is given little attention in the functioning of the organs and institutions of the Community. While the literature on EAC transparency focuses on how transparency enhances the insemination of information to the East Africans, this article investigates the extent to which EAC laws and policies related to transparency should promote the participation of East African people in the decision-making within the organs and institutions of the EAC. This article is based on a documentary review and information collected at the EAC headquarters and border posts of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda through interviews. I claim that although there are legal and policy efforts made toward the principle of transparency in the EAC, the law is weak in realising transparency in the functioning of the organs and institutions of the EAC. It demonstrates that the EAC legal regime does not recognise access to information as a right of East Africans people. In the same vein, I further claim that communication policy, which ought to provide a framework through which transparency is made a reality, does not consider some national and local languages to be important tools for insemination of the EAC undertakings to the grassroots
Utendaji katika Vichekesho Vinavyowasilishwa kwa Njia ya Elektroniki: Uchunguzi wa Vichekesho vya Ze Orijino Komedi
Get PDFMakala hii imelenga kujadili mbinu za kiutendaji katika vichekesho vinavyowasilishwa kielektroniki. Uchunguzi huu ulichochewa na mgongano wa mawazo kuhusu sifa ya utendaji inavyoathiriwa na mabadiliko ya uwasilishaji wa kazi za fasihi, hususani fasihi simulizi. Data za makala hii zilikusanywa kutoka katika vichekesho teule vya Ze Orijino Komedi vilivyohifadhiwa katika mtandao wa YouTube. Data hizo zilifafanuliwa na kuchambuliwa kwa kutumia mkabala wa kimaelezo huku tukiongozwa na Nadharia ya Utendaji iliyoasisiwa na Dan-Ben-Amos (1972). Nadharia hii imetuongoza kubaini mbinu mbalimbali za kiutendaji zilizotumika katika vichekesho teule vya Ze Orijino Komedi vilivyo katika mtandao wa YouTube. Matokeo yameonesha uwasilishaji wa vichekesho kwa njia ya elektroniki umesababisha fanani na hadhira kutokuonana ana kwa ana. Hata hivyo, utendaji katika kazi hizi umeendelea kuwapo. Matokeo haya yalifikiwa kutokana na kujitokeza kwa vipengele mbalimbali vya kiutendaji kama vile matumizi ya ishara, uigizaji wa sauti na matendo, matumizi ya maleba, matumizi ya muziki, ushiriki wa hadhira na matumizi ya lugha ya kisanaa. Kutokana na matokeo hayo, imehitimishwa kwamba mabadiliko ya uwasilishaji wa kazi za fasihi, hususani fasihi simulizi, si uasi bali yanadhihirisha uhai wake. Aidha, uhai huo unatokana na uwezo wa fasihi kuendana na mabadiliko ya sayansi na teknolojia bila kupoteza sifa ya utendaji
Bail in Mainland Tanzania: An Overview of DPP’S Certificate on Denial of Bail
Get PDFBail is a universally recognized fundamental human right. The right requires a person not be forfeited his liberty except after he has been proven guilty, in accordance with the law. The law relating to bail occupies an important position in the administration of criminal justice. Unusually, the Criminal Procedure Act, National Security Act and the Economic and Organized Crime Control Act have placed the DPP with the power to certify in writing the denial of bail. The DPP’s power to certify in writing the denial of bail has a tremendous effect on the administration of criminal justice. This article analyses the DPP’s power to certify in writing the denial of bail and its legal implications in the criminal justice of Tanzania. This article establishes that DPP’s power to issue bail certificate is uncontrolled, thus power is prone to abuse. The article inter alia finds out that the DPP’s certificate violates principle of equality before the law and right of fair hearing, it ousts mandate of Courts to grant bail, it violates separation of power, it makes bailable and non bailable offences redundant, it makes DPP a custodian of public interest instead of the Court and it leads to prisons and remands congestion. It is recommended that there is a need to entrench limitations through legislative framework, including empowering the Court to set a time limit on the operation of the DPP’s certificate
Uzalishaji wa Tafsiri Sadifu katika Matini za Majukwaa ya Kidijiti: Harakati na Changamoto
Get PDFMakala hii inaangazia harakati na changamoto katika kuzalisha tafsiri sadifu katika majukwaa ya kijiditi. Makala inaangazia matini zilizotafsiriwa kutoka lugha chanzi ya Kiingereza kwenda lugha lengwa ya Kiswahili. Uteuzi wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kupata sampuli sadifu kutoka majukwaa ya tuko.com na bbc.com. Ukusanyaji wa data uliofanywa kwa takriban miezi mitatu: kuanzia Julai hadi Septemba mwaka wa 2018 ulihusu usomaji wa matini ili kudondoa data yakini kupitia rununu na tarakilishi. Matini zilipakuliwa kutoka mtandaoni na kunakiliwa kwenye daftari kabla ya kuchanganuliwa. Utafiti huu umebainisha kuwa wafasiri walijitahidi kuzalisha tafsiri sadifu zenye utoshelevu wa kimaana. Hata hivyo, kwa kiasi kikubwa, harakati hizo za kuzalisha tafsiri sadifu zimekumbwa na changamoto ambazo zimedhihirika kupitia ujitokezaji wa tofauti za kiutamaduni kati ya lugha chanzi na lugha lengwa, uchechefu wa visawe vya kisayansi na kiufundi, tafsiri tenge ya misamiati ibuka na ugumu wa kutafsiri misamiati ya TEHAMA. Makala hii inapendekeza kuwa, pana haja ya kuweka mikakati ya kuboresha tafsiri ya matini tepe zinazotafsiriwa katika majukwaa ya kidijiti ili kuhakikisha usadifu wa jumbe zinazowasilishwa kwa hadhira lengwa katika harakati za kufanikisha mawasiliano timilifu
Utenzi wa Mwana Kupona: Kilingo cha Utwezaji wa Mwanamume?
Get PDFUtenzi wa Mwana Kupona umevuta nadhari kubwa kwa wasomaji na wahakiki wengi wa kazi za fasihi. Tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu utenzi huo kwa kukitwa katika mitazamo mikuu mitatu. Mtazamo wa kwanza, unaouona utenzi huo kuwa unamdhalilisha mwanamke; wa pili unautazama kuwa ni utenzi unaosawiri maisha halisi ya mwanamke wa pwani. Mtazamo wa tatu unautazama kama ni kielelezo cha kumdhalilisha mwanamume. Pamoja na tafiti hizo kuweka misingi katika kuuelewa utenzi huo, mtazamo wa tatu unatoa chachu kwa mtafiti kuchunguza kwa kina ni kwa namna gani utenzi huo unamtweza mwanamume. Hii inatokana na kwanza; msukumo unaotolewa na Mbele (1985) ambaye kupitia utenzi huo, anabainisha kuwa kazi ya fasihi ina mawanda mapana ya kiuhakiki na, hivyo, kuwaasa wasomaji wasiwe na mtazamo funge pindi wanapohakiki kazi hizo. Pili, mjadala anaouzua Mulokozi (1999) kwa kuuliza kama utenzi huo unamdhalilisha mwanamke au mwanamume. Tatu, mijadala iliyofanywa kuhusiana na mtazamo wa namna utenzi huo unavyomdhalilisha mwanaume kwa mfano ule wa Mbele (1985) umegusia suala hilo kwa jumla pasipo kufafanua kwa kina vipengele vinavyomdhalilisha mwanamume katika utenzi huo. Uandishi wa makala umezingatia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Data za msingi zilikusanywa maktabani kutoka katika kitabu cha Tenzi Tatu za Kale na uwandani. Kwa kutumia misingi ya nadharia ya Mwitiko wa Msomaji, makala imethibitisha hoja ya msingi kuwa, Utenzi wa Mwana Kupona ni kilingo cha kumtweza mwanamume. Hii inatokana na namna mwandishi anavyomjenga mwanamke kwa kumfanya kuwa kiongozi, msaada na nguzo msingi katika maamuzi ayafanyayo mwanamume
Nafasi ya Vipindi vya Redio katika Kukuza Fasihi Simulizi ya Watoto: Mifano kutoka Watoto Show
Get PDFMakala hii inajadili mchango wa vipindi vya redio katika kukuza Fasihi Simulizi ya Kiswahili kwa Watoto. Makala hii ni matokeo ya utafiti uliofanyika nchini Tanzania. Utafiti ulikuwa na lengo kuu moja, kuchunguza nafasi ya kipindi cha Watoto Show katika kukuza Fasihi Simulizi ya Kiswahili kwa watoto. Ili kufikia lengo hili, mambo yafuatayo yalifanyika: Mosi, kubainisha muundo wa kipindi cha Watoto Show na namna kinavyotoa fursa kwa vipera vya Fasihi Simulizi ya Kiswahili. Pili, kubainisha vipera vya Fasihi Simulizi vinavyochomoza katika kipindi teule. Tatu, kujadili umuhimu wa vipera hivyo kwa maendeleo ya Fasihi Simulizi ya Watoto. Utafiti uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Uhalisia. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchambuzi wa matini, ambapo mtafiti alirekodi na kuchambua vipindi 22 vya watoto ili kubaini mambo mbalimbali yanayohusiana na makala hii. Matokeo yanaonesha kuwa vipindi husika vina mchango muhimu katika kukuza Fasihi Simulizi ya Kiswahili kwa Watoto. Kupitia vipindi husika, watoto hupata fursa ya kujifunza hadithi, nyimbo, misemo, vitendawili, vichekesho, na methali
Miktadha ya Matumizi ya U-Nigeria katika Video za Nyimbo za Muziki wa Kizazi Kipya Nchini Tanzania
Get PDFTasnia ya Muziki wa Kizazi Kipya wa Kiswahili nchini Tanzania imetekwa na utamaduni wa nje, hususani wa Kinigeria. Hali hii ikiendelea itapoteza utambulisho wa Kitanzania katika sanaa. Kwa hali hiyo, makala imechunguza miktadha ya matumizi ya U-Nigeria katika video za nyimbo za muziki wa kizazi kipya wa Kiswahili nchini Tanzania ili kubaini misukumo yake na kutazama njia za kuupunguza na kuuondosha. Makala imetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Data zilikusanywa maktabani na uwandani. Nadharia ya Uhalisia ilitumika kama kiunzi cha uchambuzi na mjadala. Hatimaye, makala imebaini miktadha saba ya utumiwaji wa U-Nigeria. Miktadha hiyo imehusisha mivuto ya kiubidhaishaji, matumizi ya vyombo vya habari, mivuto ya kiujumi na kibunifu, na mivuto kutokana na mwigo kutoka wasanii nguli. Miktadha mingine imehusisha misukumo ya wasikilizaji na watazamaji, ukosefu wa alama ya utambulisho wa kitamaduni, na ukosefu wa elimu ya tasnia ya muziki. Mwisho, imependekezwa kuwa ili kulinda utamaduni wa Kitanzania kupitia muziki, ni vema wasanii wapatiwe warsha, semina, na madarasa maalumu ya kukuza vipaji vyao kwa maslahi ya jamii nzima ya Watanzania
Writing and Publishing Children’s Literature in Other Local Languages in Tanzania: Prospects and Challenges
Get PDFThis article examines the prospects and challenges of writing and publishing in other local languages spoken in Tanzania. It is argued in this article that writing and publishing in other local languages is an area that should be explored in order to tap into the rich tangible and intangible heritage documented in these languages. It is also argued that the current language policy provisions in Tanzania do not provide the desired impetus and enabling policy environment for writing and publishing in other local languages. The prominence and hegemony given to Kiswahili stifles the efforts of writing and publishing in other local languages spoken in Tanzania. As such, there is need to review the language policy to preserve, promote, accommodate and reflect Tanzania’s linguistic diversity through writing and publishing in other local languages.[1] Theoretically, the article is underpinned by the Afrocentricity conceptualisation, which is a mode of thought, and action in which the centrality of African interests, values, and perspectives pre-dominate.