University of Dodoma Journals
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Implementation of the Global Compact on Refugees in Tanzania: A Synopsis
Get PDFOn 10 December 2018, the United Nations adopted the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR), a soft law that draws its origin from the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants of 2016. The document inter alia is set to address the current and future global challenges facing refugee crisis worldwide. The present paper examines the tenability of this document in Tanzania. It explores the possibilities through which this compact can be implemented in the country. In so doing it explains the discourse of the compact as well as the intersection between the compact and the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). While setting a situational background of protection of refugees in Tanzania, this paper finds out that, the implementation of the GCR in the country is faced by a number of challenges. These include the country’s withdrawal from the CRRF, the non-binding nature of the GCR, GCR’s incompatibility with Tanzania law, policy and practice, underfunding, GCR’s emphasis on data, limited operation of civil societies and the western nature of the compact. The paper further finds that, the new regime under H.E new President Samia Suluhu Hassan may be a prospect towards effective implementation of the GCR in Tanzania. The paper lastly, gives out recommendations geared towards the implementation of the Compact in the country
Analysis of Legislative Reforms in Consolidating Citizens’ Participation in the Mining Sector in Tanzania
Get PDFThis article analyses the participation of Tanzanians in the extractive sector since reforms were introduced to natural wealth and resources in general, specifically, mining operations in 2017. It expounds on the extent to which the right to participation of Tanzanians in resource governance is consolidated and reinforced.This study observes that the current legislative framework on natural wealth and resources governance provides extensively on the participation of Tanzanians in the exploitation of mineral resources. These include a duty to respect and uphold constitutional protections by all investors, reserving Primary Mining and gemstones licences to Tanzanians, employment and training of nationals, observance of Local Content Plans, increased Corporate Social Responsibility accountability and effective participation of Local Government Authorities, and the need for mineral beneficiation in Tanzania. Indeed, there have been witnessed achievements in the mining sector, including the establishment of mineral markets and trading centres, promotion of small-scale miners, increased employment of Tanzanians and their participation in decision-making processes, procurement of goods and services available in Tanzania as well as increased accountability on Corporate Social Responsibility projects.However, some challenges hinder the effective participation of Tanzanians in the mining sector. These include disparities in emoluments between Tanzanians and foreigners with similar qualifications, lack of clear understanding of the mandate of local government authorities and their limited participation in prioritization of CSR projects, lack of up to standards required of goods and services available and minimal implementation of local content plans by some mining entities. Thus, the study calls for the ameliorating of all these challenges to enhance Tanzanians' participation in the mining sector
Thamani ya Mawasiliano katika Ufyosi wa Jumbe za WhatsApp
Get PDFMakala hii inafafanua thamani ya kimawasiliano inayopatikana katika ufyosi wa kimaandishi. Hoja kuu ya makala ni kudhihirisha kuwa, licha ya umbo la nje la ufyosi kubeba uhasi na, hivyo, kupingwa na maadili ya jamii nyingi, kipengele hiki kina thamani kubwa katika jamii. Hii ndiyo sababu inayokifanya kiendelee kutamalaki katika mawasiliano ya watu. Matukio ya ufyosi yaliyotumika ni yale yanayosawiriwa kupitia jumbe za WhatsApp. Data zilikusanywa kupitia jumbe za WhatsApp zilizoingia katika simu za waandishi (kupitia akaunti binafsi pamoja na makundi mbalimbali ambayo waandishi wa makala wamo kama wajumbe). Swali muhimu lililoongoza utafiti uliozaa makala hii ni: Je, ufyosi unaopatikana katika jumbe za WhatsApp una thamani ipi ya kimawasiliano? Utafiti na mjadala vimefanywa kwa kutumia misingi ya nadharia ya upokezi. Matokeo yanaonesha kuwa ufyosi hubeba thamani mbalimbali, zikiwamo kudhihirisha ujumi, kudhihirisha ukaribu/uhusiano wa wahusika wanaowasiliana, kudhihirisha tabia ya mtandaoni, kulainisha maisha, pamoja na kufumba mambo
Utumizi wa Mbinu za Fasihi Simulizi katika Nyimbo za Injili: Mfano kutoka Wimbo wa Bahati Bukuku Uitwao “Kampeni”
Get PDFMakala hii imeangalia kwa kina utumizi wa mbinu za fasihi simulizi ya Kiswahili katika nyimbo za injili kwa kutumia wimbo uitwao ‘Kampeni’ wa Bahati Bukuku uliohifadhiwa katika picha jongefu. Nadharia ya uhakiki wa kimtindo imetumika kufafanua matini katika uchambuzi wa kazi hii ya fasihi. Katika wimbo huu, mbinu mbalimbali za fasihi simulizi zimetumika kuijenga kazi hii. Kupitia picha jongefu, mhusika mkuu anatumia njia ya majigambo, chuku na kejeli ambavyo ni nduni za fasihi simulizi. Wimbo huu pia unatawaliwa na usimulizi. Usimulizi huu wa kifasihi ingawa umekusudiwa kutoa mafundisho, umechota kwa sehemu kubwa sifa anuai za fasihi simulizi na kuziingiza katika matumizi ya injili. Katika wimbo huu pia, kuna mandhari mbalimbali zilizotumika kibunilizi kama vile: mandhari ya duniani, Jehanamu na mbinguni. Fanani katika wimbo huu anaruhusu wahusika watokee kama vionwa katika picha hiyo jongefu lakini maneno yote yasemwe na yeye msimuliaji. Wimbo huu unaonesha kuwa fasihi simulizi inaouwezo wa kubadili uwasilishwaji wake na kuifanya ikidhi matakwa mbalimbali ya jamii. Kupitia wimbo huu ni bayana kuwa fasihi simulizi inakubali mabadiliko na kuifanya iingie katika nyanja anuai kama katika picha jongefu za muziki wa injili
Digitalising Local Democracy: Citizen Participation in Monitoring Local Government Elections through Crowdsourcing Methods in Tanzania
Get PDFElection is one of the cornerstones of modern liberal democracies and digital crowdsourcing is a growing phenomenon for monitoring electoral process. Election monitoring organisations have embraced digital platforms for crowdsourcing election data. Despite the existence of crowdsourced local information via digital spaces, limited research investigated crowdsourced election monitoring at local government level in Tanzania. We used document analysis to review types of crowdsourcing and semi-structured interviews to explore challenges surrounding citizen participation in monitoring local government elections. We found that digitally enabled crowd-monitors participated in monitoring and sharing information related to malpractices and positive conduct in the 2014 local elections. While crowdsourcing is deployed in local elections, costs, poor preparation and planning, digital divide, trust and poor infrastructure may hamper crowd participation in monitoring. In order to improve existing efforts, we propose opportunities to promote crowdsourcing citizen participation through digital tools in forthcoming local elections. These includes the use of mobile phones for free short message services, early planning and building partnerships among government institutions, election monitoring organisations, and the citizens. Therefore, digital crowdsourcing is not a silver bullet in addressing all challenges of electoral integrity; rather other traditional monitoring approaches are indispensable
A Stock-Taking on the Contribution of Women in Nigeria’s National Assembly, 1999-2011
Get PDFThe study appraises the role of women in Nigeria's National Assembly between 1999 and 2011. The data was generated through primary sources and corroborated with secondary materials. Its approach was historical, narrative, and analytical in nature. The study was pillared on liberal feminism and the global advocacy for women's involvement in Nigerian politics. Against this backdrop, it was discovered that women were not watchers but were active participants in the legislative business of the National Assembly. It was also found that women were not adequately represented and were not given principal positions in the National Assembly. Despite their under-representation, they also faced abuse and humiliation by their male counterparts. In order to enhance women participation in Nigerian politics, women’s political rights should be protected, including scaling up the implementation of the 35% Affirmative Action plan. The study also suggests that the politics of verbal assault should be discouraged
Ninaelewa, kwa hiyo, Ninaamua na Kuchagua: Demokrasia, Kiswahili na Maendeleo ya Wananchi wa Tanzania
Get PDFMakala inachambua dhana ya demokrasia, lugha ya Kiswahili, na maendeleo ya wananchi. Inaangalia demokrasia inavyoweza kujengwa na lugha; na kuwafanya wananchi kujitambua na kuchukua hatua kujiletea maendeleo. Makala inajadili kuwa, mosi, jitihada za kuwafanya wananchi waweze kushiriki katika mchakato wa kidemokrasia lazima zilenge kuwafanya wananchi hao kuelewa kile wanachokitaka wao wenyewe. Pili, ili kufanikisha ukombozi wowote, ni lazima wananchi wawe na uelewa wa kifikra na kujitambua. Kuelewa na kujitambua hufanikishwa kupitia mawasiliano yanayotokana na lugha inayochipuka katika mazingira na utamaduni wa wananchi husika. Bila kuelewa hakuna kujitambua, na itakuwa vigumu kushiriki katika demokrasia. Bila kuelewa hakuna maendeleo. Bila mtu kuweza kuyaelewa mazingira yake na kuyamudu, hakuwezi kukawa na ukombozi wa kweli. Kieneo, makala hii imekitwa nchini Tanzania kama kiwakilishi cha maeneo mengine yanayotumia lugha ya Kiswahili barani Afrika. Makala inatumia Nadharia ya Ubaadaukoloni katika kujadili dhana ya demokrasia kwa kutumia mkabala wa lugha ya Kiafrika. Tutaonesha kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili inaweza kuwapatia wananchi uelewa na kuwasaidia kushiriki kikamilifu katika kujenga na kuimarisha demokrasia. Tunalenga kuonesha kuwa, kupitia lugha inayoeleweka, wananchi wataimarika kidemokrasia na watashiriki katika kujiletea maendeleo
Legal Status of Stabilisation Clauses vis-à-vis Legislative Actions: The Implications in the Current and Future Investment in the Petroleum Industry in Tanzania
Get PDFStabilisation clauses are one of the key protection tools for investors in the petroleum industry. The clauses protect investors from unilateral Government legislative action of changing the agreed terms of the agreement. The clauses are useful in attracting foreign capital investment as through the Government commitments, investors get confidence in their projects. The confidence extends to bankers. Most of Tanzania's Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) contain stabilisation clauses.The Natural Wealth and Resources Contract (Review and Re-negotiation of Unconscionable Terms) Act, 2017, declares unconscionable all existing PSAs with stabilisation clauses. Those provisions in the PSAs are in danger of being expunged in case investors are unwilling or re-negotiation fails with the Government. Expunging a term of the PSA amounts to a unilateral amendment of the agreement by the Government, which is contrary to its commitment guaranteed through stabilisation and renegotiation clauses that require mutual consent. This amounts to a fundamental breach of an agreement that entitles the innocent party (an investor) to damages since the breach of stabilisation clauses constitutes a violation of international law.Stabilisation clauses are regarded as tools for attracting investment in the petroleum industry. By removing stabilisation clauses, the Government has opted to remove one of the key attractions to investments in the petroleum industry in Tanzania. Hence, the future investment in the petroleum Industry in Tanzania is shaken. Stabilisation clauses are key for the bankability of petroleum projects
EDUCATION UNDER ARMED ATTACK IN NORTH EAST OF NIGERIA: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM ATTACKS ON TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ADAMAWA STATE
Get PDFSince the emergence of Boko Haram (BH) insurgency in the Northeast of Nigeria, education has come under severe attacks from the sect, owing to its ideology, which perceives Western education as un-Islamic. These attacks have had debilitating impact on the educational system in the war-torn zone. Extant studies on BH insurgency are yet to examine the short and long term impacts of the sect’s attacks on tertiary institutions in the frontline states of the insurgency, particularly how these affect human and material resources as well as academic activities in the region. To address this gap in literature, this study evaluated the impact of BH attack on three tertiary institutions in Adamawa State. Qualitative data was collected from teaching and non-teaching staff, principal officers and students of the affected institutions, including parents and guardians. Results showed that BH attack resulted in the loss of lives of students and staff, destruction and looting of valuable items and educational infrastructures, reduction in enrolment into the institutions, and encouraging academic staff attrition. Thus, it was recommended that federal and state governments and the private sector should provide adequate funding to revatilise the affected educational institutions. Educational institutions in Nigeria should be prioritized as critical infrastructures deserving adequate security protection
EXPLAINING POLITICAL PARTY VIGILANTISM AND VIOLENCE IN PARLIAMENTARY BY-ELECTIONS IN GHANA
Get PDFElectoral violence often perpetrated by political party vigilante groups in Ghana has been a major setback to Ghana’s drive towards democratic maturity. In particular, acts and incidence of violence have been alarming during parliamentary by-elections at the constituency level, which have often led to major casualties like deaths, injuries, destruction of property, inter-party conflicts, as well as social and communal tensions. Yet, very little attention has been given to electoral violence and vigilantism during parliamentary bye-elections. This study fills this gap by drawing on interviews, general observations, and archival sources to examine the causative factors for the persistence of parliamentary by-election violence, at the constituency level. The central questions addressed in the paper are: what is the motivation for the involvement of political party vigilante groups in parliamentary by-elections and associated conflicts?; what strategies do political parties use to mobilize vigilante groups during parliamentary bye-elections; and what are the implications of parliamentary by-election conflicts for inter-party and communal relations, at the constituency level? The study concludes on the note that, the stakes are often high in the conduct of bye-elections, as the whole concentration of the nation is deployed to small constituencies where such elections are held, culminating in a more pronounced activities of vigilante groups in such communities, during by-elections. It finally raises the question with regards to how to manage the rising incidence of vigilante group activities in the conduct of bye-elections, and suggests this, as being the focus of any future research activity on political vigilantism in Ghana