University of Dodoma Journals
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Ominde Sweta Versus Robert Manyama, The High Court of Tanzania, Musoma District Registry, at Musoma, Land Appeal No. 120 of 2020 (Unreported)
Get PDFThis case has attracted my attention to write a case review. In Tanzania, the law establishes separate machinery with exclusive jurisdiction to settle land cases. Ordinary courts, other than courts of record, other than courts of record, ordinary courts have no jurisdiction to entertain and determine land disputes.1 Bodies vested with powers to hear and determine land disputes are Village Land Council, Ward Tribunal, District Land and Housing Tribunal, High Court of Tanzania and Court of Appeal of Tanzania. In this judgment, the High Court of Tanzania at Musoma (Galeba J.) makes a pertinent decision as far as the powers of the Village Land Council in determination of land cases are concerned. The decision in this case has the implication of vesting Village Land Councils with powers and mandates to make decisions which can be challenged by way of appeal to the Ward Tribunals
Examining the Implications of the East African Community Strategies on Irregular Migration Governance
Get PDFIn recent decades, governance of irregular migration has attracted the interests of many Regional Economic Communities (RECs). This is due to the impacts that irregular migration causes on individual states' social, economic and political sectors and beyond. While the East African Community (EAC) Treaty and the Protocol on Peace and Security list some mechanisms for governing irregular migration, some critical structural and policy reforms at both Community and Partner States level are necessary for implementing such strategies.This paper examines the implications of the EAC strategies on the Community and Partner States on irregular migration governance as contained in the aforementioned legal instruments. This paper shows that the existing policies and structures at the Community and in the Partner States do not support the realization of the listed mechanisms, thus devoid of implementation
Colonial Origins of Postcolonial Authoritarianism in Tanzania: The Reflection on Democracy
Get PDFThe authoritarian style of rule and democratization in Tanzania after independence cannot be understood without analyzing the colonial state and the nature of its administration. The colonial state was alien, illegitimate, and established to facilitate the exploitation of Tanzanians and their resources. It was also compounded with highly centralized power, suppression and coercion, and imprisonment of anyone threatening the authority of the state. These features were against democratic principles thus, facilitated resistance to colonial rule. Political opposition was forbidden. Civil liberties were not respected. Coercion was the order of the day, and the colonial state did not hesitate to deport or imprison anyone threatening its authority. Independence was cheered by the masses as a new chapter in the road towards democracy and development. But to their disappointment, the postcolonial state was of similar caliber to the colonial state. As such, colonial legacies of authoritarianism continued to dominate. This has not changed to date, posing a threat to building a developmental and democratic state. This paper discusses the colonial heritage of authoritarianism and its reflection to “democratic” Tanzania. It argues that the administrative structure of post-colonial government in Tanzania, imitated the colonial administrative styles of rule, which works against contemporary democratic ideals
Implications of Digital Communication Control on New Public Governance Processes in Tanzania
Get PDFDigital governance constitutes a new era of public governance driven by the forces of digital communication and the multiplicity of actors in the governance arena. Digital communication has accorded governance stakeholders not only more access to the public sphere but also improved policy outcomes because of its participatory nature. While the transformational power of digital communication is still at its infancy stage in Tanzania, a paradox of state recentralization through obstacles to information access, limits on content and violation of user rights has been observed. This case study deploys in-depth interviews and document review to probe into the implications of these forms of control on the effectiveness of governance processes in Tanzania. It divulges a number of implications of digital communication control, including heightened government opacity, self-censorship, and digital activism. Through the Critical Political Economy of Communication approach, the paper concludes that digital communication control has weakened the effectiveness of governance processes in Tanzania
Uhawilishaji wa Fonimu za Kihehe na Athari zake katika Ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili Sanifu kama Lugha ya Pili
Get PDFMakala hii imechunguza uhawilishaji wa fonimu za Kihehe na athari zake katika ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili Sanifu kama lugha ya pili (L2). Data za makala hii zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wajifunzaji lugha jamii ya Wahehe ambao Kihehe ni lugha mama yao. Data za msingi za makala hii zilikusanywa kwa mbinu za masimulizi ya hadithi, uchambuzi wa nyaraka na jaribio lenye maswali ya orodha chunguzi. Uchambuzi sanifu wa data uliongozwa na nadharia ya Usasanyuzi Linganishi. Matokeo ya data za makala hii yanaonesha kuwa uhawilishwaji wa fonimu za Kihehe katika Kiswahili Sanifu, husababisha athari katika lugha hiyo. Athari zilizobainika ni urefushwaji wa matamshi ya maneno ya Kiswahili Sanifu; kuathiriwa kwa maana za maneno; na mabadiliko katika baadhi ya fonimu za Kiswahili Sanifu. Ili kuondoa au kupunguza athari hizo, makala hii imependekeza wajifunzaji lugha kupewa mazoezi ya kutosha ya somo la Kiswahili ambayo yatasaidia kupata maarifa zaidi ya lugha ya Kiswahili Sanifu
Uchapishaji na Usambazaji wa Istilahi za Sayansi Nchini Tanzania: Mifano kutoka Istilahi za Kiswahili za Biolojia, Fizikia na Kemia
Get PDFLengo la makala hii ni kubainisha na kujadili kwa utondoti upungufu na athari za uchapishaji na usambazaji wa IS katika Kiswahili. Data zilizowasilishwa katika makala hii zimeibuliwa kutokana na udodosaji, usaili na mapitio ya nyaraka. Matokeo ya uchunguzi yanaonesha kuwa mfumo wa uchapishaji na usambazaji IS uliopo sasa katika Kiswahili una upungufu na umesababisha athari kwa watumiaji wa istilahi hizo. Athari hizo ni: tofauti ya istilahi za watumiaji na zile za asasi za uundaji istilahi; ufundishaji wa somo la sayansi kuwa mgumu; wanafunzi kushindwa kujibu maswali katika mitihani yao ya sayansi; kuwapo kwa istilahi nyingi zisizotumiwa na watumiaji; na watumiaji kutumia IS zisizosanifishwa. Kwa kifupi, makala imetoa picha ya athari ya IS zisipochapishwa na kusambazwa kwa watumiaji katika maeneo yao
Fokasi: Misingi ya Uainishaji, Mbinu za Ung’amuzi na Mikakati ya Usimbaji katika Sentensi za Kiswahili
Get PDFFokasi ni mojawapo ya kiambajengo cha kipragmatiki katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Uainishaji wa fokasi, mbinu za ung’amuzi wa fokasi na mikakati na usimbaji wa fokasi hutofautiana kutoka lugha moja hadi nyingine. Hata hivyo, katika lugha ya Kiswahili, masuala hayo hayapo bayana. Kwa hiyo, makala hii imeshughulikia misingi ya uainishaji wa fokasi, mbinu za ung’amuzi wa fokasi na mikakati ya usimbaji wa fokasi katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Data ya makala hii imekusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya usimulizi wa picha. Aidha, tumetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli katika uchambuzi wa data ya makala hii huku tukiongozwa na Nadharia ya Semantiki Vibadala iliyoasisiwa na Rooth (2016). Matokeo yameonesha kuwa kuna misingi minne ya uainishaji wa fokasi katika sentensi za Kiswahili. Misingi hiyo ni mazingira ya utokeaji, muundo, semantiki na lengo la mawasiliano. Aina za fokasi zilizobainika hung’amuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya maswali na majibu, usahihishaji wa taarifa au vibainishi vya fokasi. Vilevile, imebainika kuwa fokasi husimbwa katika sentensi za Kiswahili kwa kutumia mkakati wa ukasimishaji, utenguaji kushoto, unyambuaji punguzi wa vishiriki vya kitenzi, uhamishaji wa viambajengo au uwekaji wa mkazo katika tungo. Pamoja na hayo, tunapendekeza utafiti mwingine kufanyika ili kuchunguza usimbaji wa fokasi katika vipera vya fasihi simulizi kama vile nahau na hadithi
Makosa ya Lugha katika Vyombo vya Habari Nchini Tanzania: Uchunguzi wa Televisheni
Get PDFMakala hii inalenga kuchanganua makosa ya lugha kwenye vyombo vya habari nchini Tanzania na kubainisha mbinu za kutatua makosa hayo. Data zilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya hojaji, mahojiano na usomaji wa matini za habari kutoka kwenye chaneli za TBC1, ITV na STAR TV. Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Makosa imetumiwa kuchambua data na kuwasilisha matokeo ya utafiti. Aidha, utafiti umebaini makosa ya uchanganyaji wa misimbo, matumizi ya maneno yasiyostahili, utenganishaji na uunganishaji wa maneno isivyo, udondoshaji, uchopekaji, matamshi yasiyo sahihi, umoja na wingi, upatanisho wa kisarufi, mpangilio mbaya wa maneno na makosa ya kimantiki. Pia, makala imebaini kuwa makosa hayo yanaweza kutatuliwa kwa kutoa mafunzo ya lugha ya mara kwa mara kwa wanahabari, kutungwa kwa sheria ya kudhibiti matumizi ya lugha, kuhimiza utumiaji wa Kiswahili fasaha, kutumia wanataaluma wa lugha kwenye vyombo vya habari na kufanyika kwa uhariri wa kina. Hitimisho la makala hii ni kwamba makosa ya lugha katika vyombo vya habari nchini Tanzania yanahitaji tafiti nyingi na za kina ili kupata masuluhisho zaidi ya kuyaepuka kwa ustawi wa lugha ya Kiswahili
The State of the Law on Small Scale Mining in Tanzania: Challenges and Prospects from Colonial Period to Present
Get PDFSmall-scale mining sub-sector employs thousands of local Tanzanians. However, the laws and government officials have neglected this sub-sector for a long period. Small scale mining has been associated with environmental pollution, smuggling of minerals and labour exploitation. Early mining legal reforms that took place in the 1990s resulted in small-scale miners being forcefully evicted to provide areas for large-scale mining. However, large-scale mining is yet to yield the expected benefits, despite being most favoured by the government of Tanzania for a long period. For this reason, Tanzania's mining laws have been experiencing reforms from time to time. The reforms in the mining legal regime do not only affect large-scale mining. Small scale mining also suffers the effects of the legal reforms that take place frequently. Therefore, this study examines the state of the law on small scale mining in Tanzania, tracing its history from colonial period to present. In doing so, this article also examines the legal challenges brought by mining legal regimes to small scale mining industry from time to time and related prospects. The article argues that despite several reforms in the Tanzania mining legal regime, small scale mining industry has continued to suffer various legal challenges. These challenges include lack of tenure security, uncontrolled discretionary powers given to the Minister responsible for minerals and lack of consultation of small-scale miners
Assessing the Repression Of Constitutional Coups in Africa Through the Lens of the Malabo Protocol on International Crimes
Get PDFSince the turn of the 21st Century, we have been witnessing ‘constitutional coup’ in many African countries masterminded by leaders determined to cling on to power. The idea of manipulation in itself induces the harmful use of the constitutional norm. "Playing with the hands" on the social contract of a state, however, is a fairly common in all constitutional regimes. After all, it has never been claimed that a constitution should be immutable. Its adaptation is necessary for the evolution of the society it is supposed to govern. But the idea of manipulation underlies a biased use of the Constitution for the benefit of the interests of some. And when this habit, which tends to make constitutional manipulation normality in Africa and to transform the Constitution into a legal instrument of power, is undermined by popular and political insurrection, we witness gross human rights violations. While there have been great advances regarding the legal and institutional mechanisms of international criminal justice at a global level, this determination on the African continent appears as a setback for the established process, thus defeating the very purpose of the existing legislation. Even the Malabo Protocol endowing the expected African Court of Justice and Human Rights with criminal jurisdiction does not create room for investigation and prosecution of these “constitutional coups”. Indeed, neither the drafters of this Protocol nor those of such other instruments as the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance were bothered by this constitutionalizing of malicious constitutional changes, thus giving the green light to maliciously intended leadership behaviours devoid of any criminal liability, as the leaders would remain in power for life. Using the example of constitutional manipulation in Rwanda and Uganda, this Article provides a critical study of the law and practice of the African Union to prove that and how the repression of unconstitutional change of government should extend to “constitutional coups” to have the whole system serve the purpose of international criminal justice and give it its full meaning on the African continent. A doctrinal research method was used where qualitative research approaches were employed to facilitate the study. The reason for adopting this method is that it improves a substantial part of the law by means of which it could achieve the broader goal of the study