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Upungufu wa Tafsiri ya Lugha ya Ishara katika Wema Hawajazaliwa na Shetani Msalabani
Get PDFTafsiri ni miongoni mwa taaluma zinazosaidia kurahisisha mawasiliano miongoni mwa watumiaji wa lugha tofauti. Taaluma hii imekuwa ikinufaisha taaluma nyingine kama vile sheria, utabibu na fasihi. Makala hii inajadili upungufu wa tafsiri ya lugha ya ishara katika Wema Hawajazaliwa na Shetani Msalabani. Hizi ni riwaya zilizotafsiriwa kwa Kiswahili kutoka katika riwaya ya The Beautyful Ones are Not Yet Born na Devil on the Cross za Ayi Kwei Armah na Ngugi wa Thiong’o, mtawalia. Aidha, Nadharia ya Ulinganifu wa Kimawasiliano imetumika kama kiunzi cha uchambuzi wa data zilizowasilishwa katika makala hii. Data za makala hii zimepatikana kwa kutumia mbinu ya usaili na uchambuzi wa matini. Makala imebaini kuwa wafasiri wameonesha upungufu katika tafsiri ya lugha ya ishara. Upungufu huo umebainika kupitia vipengele vikuu ambavyo ni upotoshaji, udondoshaji, na tofauti za kiutamaduni. Makala inapendekeza kuwa wafasiri wa kazi za kifasihi wanapaswa kuzingatia misingi ya kiulinganifu katika kutafsiri lugha ya ishara ili kuwafanya wasomaji wao wapate ujumbe uliokusudiwa na waandishi wa matini chanzi
Deconstructing Reality: A Postmodern Analysis of the Concept of Truth
Get PDFThis article presents a postmodern analysis of the concept of truth, deconstructing reality by firstly tracing the historical development of the concept in different philosophical epochs and then highlighting the role of language, power, and cultural context in shaping our understanding of truth. The postmodernist rejection of absolute truth and emphasis on the relativity of truth is discussed, along with the influence of language on truth and the role of power in defining what is considered to be true. The article also examines the postmodernist critique of science and its emphasis on situating scientific knowledge within a particular cultural and historical context. Unlike previous scholarly works, the paper argues that, the postmodernist analysis of truth challenges traditional notions of objective reality and underscores the importance of context and perspective in shaping our understanding of truth
Human Needs and Civilian Violence in United Nations Peace Keeping Operations: A Case of MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Get PDFCitizens’ protests against UN Peacekeepers in Africa are on the increase. This article draws from MONUSCO's experience in DRC to address one crucial question: Why are local populations launching violent demonstrations against UN Peacekeepers in DRC? The study utilises human needs theory to reveal that unfulfilled civilian security needs manifest in violent mass protests against peacekeepers. This article argues that while civilian protection remains UN’s priority, violent demonstrations against MONUSCO in the DRC and emerging protests elsewhere in Africa put UN’s peacekeeping role into question. The study anticipates continued citizens’ protests unless there is a change in UN’s strategies to enhance the capability of peacekeeping operations. The article utilises qualitative data from key informant interviews and evidence from documentary sources. The analysis indicates that the Congolese population is frustrated with MONUSCO’s failure to protect them from a series of attacks by armed rebels. Consequently, citizens have launched violent demonstrations against peacekeepers to voice their concerns for meeting their security needs. This calls UN to review the peacekeeping strategy to ensure the relevance of peacekeeping operations for the long-term and effective protection of civilians.
When customers strike back: examining the impact of psychological contract violation on customers' switching behaviour
Get PDFAlthough the psychological contract has garnered attention from scholars in the social sciences, little is known about its implications from a marketing perspective. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of customer-brand disidentification between psychological contract violation and customers' switching behaviour. It represents an initial attempt to explore psychological contract violation from the perspective of the service domain in emerging economies, contributing to theoretical and practical discussions on the factors influencing customers' switching behaviour. The study utilised a quantitative-based cross-sectional design involving 399 customers from three selected pay television companies in Tanzania's media industry. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings reveal that psychological contract violation influences customers' switching behaviour when mediated by customer-brand disidentification. Consequently, if disidentification is not managed effectively, customers disengage from their relationship with the service providers and opt for alternative providers. The study suggests that service providers should proactively identify signs of psychological contract violation and implement necessary measures to address them, thereby mitigating the likelihood of customers resorting to switching behaviour
Sababu Zinazoukilia Matumizi ya Tungo za Utendeka na Utendwa katika Lugha ya Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala hii imechunguza tungo za utendeka na utendwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Hii ni kwa sababu, yapo madai miongoni mwa wanaisimu mbalimbali kwamba, tungo hizo zinafanya kazi inayofanana katika lugha kisarufi; yaani kupunguza kishiriki kimoja cha kitenzi katika muundo wa vishiriki vya kitenzi (Khamisi, 1972; Rugemalira, 1993; na Mkude, 2005). Data za utafiti huu zilipatikana kwa njia ya usomaji wa nyaraka pamoja na usaili. Uchanganuzi wa data umetumia misingi ya mkabala wa Sarufi Leksia Amilifu ulioasisiwa na na Bresnan na Kaplan mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kwamba utendeka na utendwa ni tungo mbili tofauti kimuundo na kiuamilifu katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Aidha, imebainika kwamba ziko sababu kadhaa zinazoukilia utokeaji wa tungo hizo: muundo wa vishiriki vya kitenzi, upatanisho wa kisarufi, kuondoa mtenda katika tungo, umadaishaji wa kiathirika, ufokalishaji wa mtenda, ukwezaji wa mmiliki na kuondoa utata katika lugha. Kutokana na matokeo haya, inapendekezwa kwamba, utafiti zaidi kama huu ufanyike katika lugha nyingine za Kibantu ambazo hazijafanyiwa utafiti ili kulinganisha na kutofautisha sababu za utumikaji wake katika lugha ya Kiswahili na lugha lugha zingine za Kibantu
Poverty Dynamics and Its Drivers in Tanzania: A Lesson to Poverty Reduction Policies
Get PDFPoverty has been understood to be dynamic in nature. Some people remain in poverty for long periods, but there are others who periodically move in and out of poverty. Identification of driving factors that are highly related to poverty dynamics is a crucial aspect in formulating successful policies geared at ending poverty. Using a sample of 2177, 3148, and 3182 in 2008, 2010, and 2012, respectively from Tanzania's national panel survey, this study intends to assess the dynamic nature and drivers of poverty in Tanzania, bearing in mind that an effective poverty reduction process requires context-specific knowledge about poverty dynamics. The study adopted the Markov transition matrix equation to assess the nature of poverty dynamics and the Multinomial Logit Model to analyse the determinants of poverty dynamics. The results show that poverty is extremely dynamic in the context of Tanzania. Policy variables such as education, rural-urban settings, household head occupation, electricity connection, and ownership of assets were statistically significant determinants of poverty dynamics in Tanzania. The findings imply that social protection and promotion programmes are critical to ensure inclusiveness in the development process and promote pro-poor growth. Policy makers must also consider the varying nature of poverty and vulnerability in designing policies
BOOK REVIEW: Gelase G. Mutahaba, Benson Bana & Ernest Mallya, Reforming Tanzania’s Public Sector: Assessment and Future Directions. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki and Nyota Publishers, 2017. 465 pages, ISBN 978-9987-70-830-22
Get PDFDespite international support, continued expressions of political commitment, and general agreement on the desirability of a strong public sector, the public sector reform (PSR) agenda in the region is better known for its many failures than its limited successes (Yanguas, 2017). Why many states in Africa seem to be stuck in a spiral of corruption and institutional weakness while others somehow manage to build effective bureaucracies that are able and willing to tackle the challenges of development? These interesting questions raised by Yangus, capture the dynamics and politics of public sector reforms which have for decades been regarded by both international donors, government officials, and public administration scholars as critical for an efficient, responsive, transparent, and accountable public sector, particularly in the global south. Drawing from Tazania’s experience, Mutahaba, Bana, and Mallya in Reforming Tanzania’s Public Sector: Assessment and Future Directions shed some light on those pertinent questions
BOOK REVIEW: Mark. J. Mwandosya, Regulatory Challenges in Africa: An Empirical Analysis. Dar- es- Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2021. 309 pages, ISBN:978-9987-08-500-2.
Get PDFA decade ago, one of the foremost public management scholars Donald Kettl, remarked that the government failed to meet public expectations because many of the current problems we face do not match the institutions we have created to govern them (Kettl,2008). How do we then construct institutions and maintain better regulations? Do we have the capacity to design a better regulatory policy which would embrace a wide array of diversified interests in Tanzania? The Committee for Economic Development (2017) have proposed the following guidelines for countries to design and execute rational regulations policies and avoid cronyism:
Better information, that is, the data and economic analysis, the "tools" in the regulatory armamentarium, used in the planning and evaluation of regulations;
Better oversight and monitoring of the regulatory policy process, institutions and people involved—the regulators, or "the carpenters" who build and maintain the regulations; and
Better collaboration between input from regulators and all stakeholders (including businesses and the general public).
Mark. J. Mwandosya's Regulatory Challenges in Africa: An Empirical Analysis is a stunning book. The author's rich experience as a seasoned scholar and practitioner accords him with the imprimatur needed to address the regulatory challenges in Africa. His choice of Public and economic utilities is even more timely as Africa and Tanzania particularly struggle with regulatory and governance challenges
Kutungamana kwa Itikadi na Propaganda katika Matini za Kifasihi
Get PDFItikadi na propaganda ni dhana ambazo zimetungamana kila zinapojitokeza katika matini za kifasihi. Licha ya wataalamu mbalimbali kuonesha kuwa kuna uhusiano wa karibu kati ya itikadi na propaganda, hakuna utafiti ambao umefafanua sababu hasa za itikadi na propaganda kuonekana kutungamana kila zijitokezapo katika matini za kifasihi. Hivyo, malengo ya makala hii: kwanza, ni kufafanua uhusiano uliopo baina ya itikadi na propaganda, kwa upande mmoja, na uhusiano wa dhana hizi dhidi ya fasihi, kwa upande mwingine. Pili, ni kufafanua sababu za propaganda na itikadi kujitokeza katika namna ya kutungamana katika matini za kifasihi. Nadharia ya Uhistoria Mpya ndio iliyotumika kufanikisha malengo ya makala hii. Hivyo, sababu zinazofanya itikadi na propaganda kutungamana ni pamoja na dhana ya itikadi inavyobainishwa, mashirikiano yaliyopo baina ya itikadi na propaganda katika kutawala au kudhibiti miundo ya diskozi kifani na kimaudhui, mbinu za propaganda zinavyofanya kazi, dhima au malengo ya propaganda, fasili ya itikadi na propaganda, mambo mawili yanayounganisha itikadi na propaganda, na mwisho ni uelezaji wa matukio au watendaji katika diskozi za kiitikadi
Dhima za Kialami Pragmatiki ‘mh’ katika Mazungumzo ya Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala hii inachunguza dhima za kialami pragmatiki mh katika mazungumzo ya Kiswahili. Data ya makala hii imekusanywa kutoka katika mazungumzo yasiyo rasmi ya Kiswahili yanayofanywa katika maeneo yasiyo rasmi. Maeneo hayo ni kama kwenye vijiwe vya kahawa na vijiwe vya mamantilie. Uchambuzi wa data za makala hii umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Umuktadhaishaji ya Gumperz (1982). Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonesha kwamba kialami pragmatiki mh huchanuza maana tofautitofauti kulingana na muktadha kinamotumika. Kwa hiyo, kialami pragmatiki hicho huwa na dhima mbalimbali za kipragmatiki. Baadhi ya dhima hizo ni kama vile kuashiria kuitika, kumtaka mzungumzaji arudie kauli au swali, kumjulisha mshiriki mwingine wa mazungumzo apokee au achukue kitu, kudokeza kwamba mzungumzaji anaanzisha mazungumzo, kumruhusu mzungumzaji mwingine aendelee kuzungumza, kutumika kama jibu la swali na kuonesha hisia mbalimbali kama vile dharau na mshangao. Kwa ujumla, makala hii inaadokeza kwamba vialami pragmatiki vina dhima mbalimbali katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Hivyo, tafiti zaidi zifanyike ili kubaini dhima za vialami pragmatiki vingine katika lugha hii. Aidha, kialami pragmatiki mh kinaweza kuchunguzwa zaidi kwa kuhusisha na taaluma za fonolojia na fonetiki ili kubaini ruwaza zake na athari zake kwenye maana za kialami hicho