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Linguistic Difficulties of Using English as a Language of Instruction: A Reflection on Tanzanian University Lecturers
Full text linkThis paper investigates the linguistic difficulties faced by the University lecturers who teach science subjects using EMI in Tanzanian Universities particularly the University of Dodoma (UDOM) and St. John’s University of Tanzania (SJUT) of Dodoma Region - Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation and interviews from a sample drawn from the College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS) and the Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences (FANAS) of UDOM and SJUT, respectively. The study revealed that lecturers face linguistic difficulties, namely tense confusion, code-switching between English and Kiswahili, grammatical errors such as spelling and poor pronunciation, missing important vocabulary which leads into hesitation, difficulties in elaborating some scientific terms to students in Kiswahili since Kiswahili is lacking equivalents of some of these scientific terms; poor response from conversation counterparts as students cannot speak and write confidently and effectively in English. These difficulties are attributed to inadequate exposure to English, the influence of Kiswahili and ECLs and poor educational language policies. This study, therefore, recommends to the policy making stakeholders on declaring English as LoI from nursery school to tertiary levels so as to expose our children to English (FL) earlier at a younger age
BOOK REVIEW: Arun Mahapatra, art of retailing. New Delhi: Lotus press publishers & distributors, 2015, 156 pp. ISBN: 978-81-8382-208-4
Full text linkWith a rising scholarly and practical interest in retailing, the global retail industry is experiencing significant growth. This trend is anticipated to persist, capturing widespread attention from various economic sectors, consumers, entrepreneurs, and investors in the coming decades. The industry is poised for expansive global magnification, fostering job creation and socio-economic development. This review aims to elucidate the integration of the retailing industry within the logistics of business growth. "Art of retailing" emerges as a valuable resource for retail industry professionals, lecturers, professors, and university students engaged in business studies, marketing, procurement, and entrepreneurship programs. Despite its merits, the text's principal drawback lies in its failure to present world-class illustrations, case studies, exhibits, checkpoint questions, and summaries, which are pivotal for reinforcing concepts in each chapter. Nevertheless, researchers in the retail sector can benefit from the contextual insights and identified gaps, paving the way for further studies. The untapped areas highlighted in the text are recommended to enhance the book's significance in the context of the pivotal subject of e-retailing in the contemporary era
Sifa za Hofu katika Maisha ya Mwanadamu: Uchunguzi wa Mhusika Ngoma kutoka Riwaya ya Ua la Faraja
Full text linkKila mwanadamu mwenye uwezo wa kufikiri na kutafakari juu ya masuala mbalimbali yanayomzunguka huonesha hisia zinazoambatana na hali fulani katika kutoa maamuzi ya tafakuri yake. Moja kati ya hali zinazotawala fikra zake ni hofu. Kuwapo kwa hofu hubainika kupitia matendo ayafanyayo katika mazingira yanayomzunguka. Kimsingi, hofu humwongoza mwanadamu kuwa na maamuzi yanayosababisha kufanya au kutofanya jambo fulani. Kazi za kibunilizi, mathalani riwaya husawiri maisha halisi ya mwanadamu yanayofungamana na hali mbalimbali, ikiwamo hofu. Kwa msingi huo, makala hii inabainisha sifa za hofu kwa kumrejelea mhusika Ngoma kutoka riwaya ya Ua la Faraja. Data zilipatikana maktabani kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji matini. Vilevile, mbinu ya usaili ilitumika ili kupata data za kuthibitisha uhalisi wa sifa za hofu katika ulimwengu halisi wa mwanadamu. Misingi ya Nadharia ya Uhalisia imetumika katika uchunguzi, uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa matokeo ya utafiti. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonesha kuwa katika riwaya ya Ua la Faraja kuna sifa kuu tatu za hofu: hofu hujizalisha kulingana na wakati, hofu huhusisha mlolongo wa wahusika wenye nasaba na hofu huibua tabia mpya kwa mwanadamu
A Voluntary or Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement? A post-2000 Analysis of China-Zimbabwe Economic Relations
Full text linkThe quest for economic development in Africa's emerging economies like Zimbabwe is an uphill undertaking that necessitates multi-stakeholder contribution. Since 2000, China and Chinese firms have played a considerable role in contributing to the Zimbabwean economy and community well-being through CSR programmes. However, in the absence of a CSR regulatory framework, it is not clear whether Zimbabwe harnesses the full social-economic potential of CSR arrangements. Existing research on CSR in the country provides sketchy evidence and mainly from a foreign perspective. This paper analyses Chinese corporations’ engagement in promoting the socio-economic progress of communities in a non-mandatory CSR environment and presents a case for a regulatory framework in Zimbabwe. It applies interpretivism to desk review evidence from sources published between 2017 and 2022 and reveals that, despite voluntary CSR arrangements, Chinese firms have contributed to the socio-economic well-being of communities by investing in some development projects. This notwithstanding, a voluntary CSR engagement has provided a leeway for Chinese firms to neglect environmental concerns, violate employee labour rights, and threaten community displacement, especially in mineral-rich areas. The paper concludes that Zimbabwe’s economic hardships push the country to prioritise economic over social and environmental concerns of communities in fear of losing the scarcely available Foreign Direct Investment. However, mandatory CSR arrangements provide mutual benefits to both Zimbabwe and China, thus an opportunity to legislate CSR without jeopardising Sino-Zimbabwe's economic and political relations
Do transparency and accountability enhance regulatory compliance in public procurement? Evidence from Tanzania
Full text linkWith an increasing emphasis on ethical practices among public procurement practitioners, transparency and accountability will remain critical in ensuring effective and efficient procurement operations. This paper examines the influence of transparency and accountability in enhancing regulatory compliance in public procurement. This study was quantitative in nature and utilised a quantitative analysis approach to analyse data from 202 public procurement practitioners in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study applied structural equation modelling to examine the relationship between transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance in public procurement. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between transparency and regulatory compliance (β = 0.148, p = 0.048). The study also reveals that accountability is a significant and positive factor that promotes regulatory compliance (β= 0.366, p < 0.001). The study’s findings offer valuable insights for public procurement practitioners to establish well-defined standards of practice concerning transparency and accountability in procurement operations, with the aim of improving regulatory compliance. The research contributes to the existing literature on enhancing procurement compliance in the public sector by exploring the role of transparency and accountability in procurement regulatory compliance in Tanzania
Refugees Integration and National Security Risks in Tanzania: A Case of Katumba Old Settlement
Full text linkTanzania integrated 162,156 refugees in 2010, but integration risks to national security have not been given sufficient attention. This paper examines the national security risks of integrating refugees. The study adopted a case study design mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods. It drew data from 31 key informants and a sample of 397 integrated refugees and native Tanzanians in Katumba Old Settlement. The study found that integrated refugees engage in criminal activities that pose significant national security risks to both Tanzania and their country of origin. Such activities include illegal possession and proliferation of firearms and military weapons and supporting conflicts in their country of origin. It concludes that such activities are likely to trigger diplomatic tensions and increase the costs of countering armed crime and extreme violence in the country. The study recommends a re-evaluation of the refugee integration strategy. This may include re-evaluating the current approach to refugee integration, improving security models and resettlement plans and implementing cultural integration strategies
BOOK REVIEW: Alexander B. Makulilo; Eugène Ntaganda; Francis A. Away; Margaret Sekaggya & Patrick Osodo, Election Management Bodies in East Africa: A Comparative Study of the Contribution of Electoral Commissions to the Strengthening of Democracy. Nairobi: Open Society Foundations, 2015. 293 pages, ISBN 978-1-920677-96-1
Full text linkElection Management Bodies (EMBs) are critical to the conduct of elections and the consolidation of democracy. Nevertheless, there remains a scanty comprehensive analysis of EMBs in East Africa. Makulilo, Ntaganda, Away, Sekaggya, and Osodo’s book ventures into that journey. Their book analyses the nature and role of EMBs in five East African countries, namely Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, centring election management at the heart of democratisation and democratic consolidation. The book situates EMBs into a broader perspective, assuming "their status as a product of the struggle for democracy, their anchorage in the constitutional traditions of each society, their place in the history of political reform, and their interaction with the other institutions of each country" (p. viii). The book's essence draws from the reality that African elections and governance contestations primarily revolve around the management and administration of elections (p. 1)
Mtazamo kuhusu Wakati katika Falsafa ya Kiafrika: Mifano kutoka Riwaya Teule za Kiswahili
Full text linkWaafrika kama zilivyo jamii nyinginezo duniani wana falsafa inayoongoza maisha yao. Katika uga wa fasihi, wataalamu mbalimbali wametafiti na kuangalia namna falsafa hiyo inavyodhihirika kupitia vipengele mbalimbali vya maisha. Hata hivyo, mtazamo kuhusu wakati kama kipengele kinachoibua Falsafa ya Waafrika, kwa kuhusisha udhihirikaji wake na vipengele vingine vya kifalsafa hakijamakinikiwa vya kutosha. Jambo hili linasababisha ufinyu wa mawanda katika kuelewa mtazamo wa falsafa ya wakati, uhusiano wake na vipengele vingine vya kifalsafa pamoja na athari zake kwa jamii ya Waafrika. Kwa kuzingatia pengo hilo la kimaarifa, makala hii imekusudiwa kubainisha mtazamo kuhusu wakati kwa Waafrika kama unavyodhihirika kupitia vipengele mbalimbali vya kifalsafa pamoja na athari zake kwa jamii. Data za makala hii zilikusanywa maktabani na uwandani. Nadharia ya Ontolojia ya Kiafrika ilitumika katika uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa matokeo ya utafiti. Kwa ujumla, makala inabainisha kuwa mtazamo kuhusu wakati ni kipengele muhimu sana kwa Waafrika kwani una athari kubwa kwa namna wanavyoyaendesha maisha yao. Waafrika wanaamini kuwa wakati ni kiini cha ‘kuwapo’ kwa mwanadamu kunakojibainisha kupitia vipengele mbalimbali katika maisha kama vile uzazi, maisha baada ya kifo pamoja na busara na hekima ambazo huaminika kuwapo kwa wazee walio hai pamoja na waliokufa
Ruwaza ya Vitenzi vya Kibantu katika Muktadha wa Vitenzi vya Kiswahili
Full text linkMakala hii inahusu ruwaza ya vitenzi vya Kibantu katika muktadha wa vitenzi vya Kiswahili. Lengo la makala hii ni kuonesha utokeaji wa viambishi vya ruwaza ya vitenzi vya Kibantu katika Kiswahili iwapo vinajitokeza vyote au la na matumizi ya viambishi hivyo katika Kiswahili. Hili linasaidia kuongeza zaidi maarifa katika mofolojia ya Kiswahili na kuendelea kuthibitisha Ubantu wa Kiswahili. Lengo hilo limetimizwa kwa kutumia data ya mifano ya vitenzi vyenye viambishi mbalimbali vilivyokusanywa katika baadhi ya vitabu vya mofolojia ya Kiswahili. Kwa hiyo, kutokana na mifano hiyo ya vitenzi vilivyochanganuliwa kwa kutumia mhimili wa kufuta mabano wa Nadharia ya Mofolojia Leksika, yafuatayo yamebainika: Kiswahili kinabeba viambishi vingi vya ruwaza ya vitenzi vya Kibantu, isipokuwa viambishi vichache ambavyo havidhihiriki kabisa katika Kiswahili. Viambishi hivyo ni kama viambishi awali tangulizi vya uwakilishi. Pamoja na hayo, kuna baadhi ya viambishi vya ruwaza hiyo vinavyotokea katika Kiswahili vikiwa na mazingira maalumu ya utokeaji wake kama kiambishi tamati tangulizi na baadhi ya viambishi tamati vya ziada. Kwa hiyo, kiambishi tamati tangulizi na baadhi ya viambishi tamati vya ziada vinaweza kuchunguzwa zaidi. Hii itasaidia kuona mazingira mbalimbali ya utokeaji wa baadhi ya viambishi hivyo katika Kiswahili
The Productivity of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato as Influenced by Organic Manure and Inorganic Amendments in Dodoma Municipal
Full text linkA new variety of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Carrot-C) has been introduced in Dodoma Municipal but appropriate soil nutrient management for this cultivar is lacking and the yield is below its potential. Smallholder farmers are not aware of when Farm Yard Manures and inorganic fertilizers are incorporated together into the production of this crop. The present study identified the best combination of farm yard manure at four levels (0 tha-1, 5 tha-1, 10 tha-1, and 15 tha-1) and phosphorus at four levels (0 t of P2O5ha-1, 23 t of P2O5ha-1, 46 t of P2O5ha-1, and 69 t of P2O5ha-1) for orange-fleshed sweet potato production. In the on-farm experimentation, a factorial arrangement was used. The Randomized Complete Block Design was adopted with three replications. Partial budgeting and marginal analysis involving dominance analyses were used as analytical tools. The results of Partial budgeting analysis at 15t Farm Yard Manure/ha in a combination of 69t of P2O5/ha gave a positive and greatest net benefit of 25,814.5 TZS/ha and its Marginal Rate of Return was highest at 6,666.5%. In conclusion, the use of 15t Farm Yard Manure/ha plus 69t of P2O5/ha is viable and is recommended for farmers to use in their plots to earn the highest income