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Changamoto za Ubidhaishaji wa Kiswahili kwa Wahitimu wa Shahada za Sanaa katika Kiswahili Nchini Tanzania
Full text linkKiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha kubwa zenye wazungumzaji wengi barani Afrika na hata nje ya bara la Afrika (Kishe, 2017). Nchini Tanzania, serikali pamoja na vyombo mbalimbali vya kukuza na kueneza Kiswahili kama vile BAKITA, BAKIZA, vyuo vikuu na vyama mbalimbali vya Kiswahili vimekuwa vikiendelea kufanya jitihada mbalimbali katika kukikuza, kukiendeleza na kukieneza Kiswahili nchini na hata nje ya nchi. Pamoja na jitihada hizo, bado kumekuwa na changamoto za kukifanya Kiswahili kiwe bidhaa katika soko la ndani na nje ya Afrika (Cherono & Ogechi, 2018). Makala hii inakusudia kuzielezea changamoto hizo, hususani zinazowakabili wahitimu wa vyuo vikuu wa shahada za sanaa katika Kiswahili. Utafiti uliozaa makala hii uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ubidhaishaji. Mbinu ya mahojiano ndiyo iliyotumika katika kukusanya data. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa wahitimu wa Kiswahili wanakabiliana na changamoto zitokanazo na ukosefu wa maarifa ya TEHAMA, ukosefu wa elimu ya kijasiriamali, ukosefu wa mtaji, ushindani, na hofu na kukata tamaa. Kutokana na changamoto hizo, makala inapendekeza kuwa serikali, kupitia sekta ya elimu, ihimize watunga sera wa elimu kuboresha mitaala ya masomo ya lugha ya Kiswahili kuanzia shule za msingi mpaka vyuo vikuu
Unseen barriers: Types and magnitudes of academic adversities facing at-risk secondary school students in Tanzania
Full text linkAcademic adversities faced by at-risk students hinder their academic progress and impede national development. This paper investigates the types and magnitude of these adversities in the Tanzanian context. While some at-risk students manage to overcome challenges, many do not. Previous studies have identified various adversities but have paid little attention to the magnitude of the impact of adversities on at-risk students. Using a retrospective cross-sectional design, quantitative data were collected from 384 at-risk students across three universities through structured questionnaires, supplemented by qualitative data from interviews and focus groups. The study identified three major types of adversities: home (8.1 scores), school (5.3 scores), and community (2.0 scores). The findings indicate that both the types and magnitude of adversities vary based on individual circumstances and environmental factors. Understanding these adversities can inform effective interventions, ultimately enhancing academic success and contributing to the country's developmen
Tathmini ya Nafasi ya Fasihi Andishi katika Ukuzaji wa Stadi za Mawasiliano
Full text linkMakala hii inajadili nafasi ya fasihi andishi katika ukuzaji wa stadi za mawasiliano katika shule za sekondari teule wilayani Nyanza nchini Rwanda. Ili kutimiza lengo hili, Nadharia ya Mawasiliano ya Scudder (1980) imetumiwa. Aidha, katika ukusanyaji data, mbinu za usaili, ushuhudiaji na uchambuzi matini zilitumiwa. Wango la utafiti lilihusisha walimu wa Kiswahili na wanafunzi wanaojifunza kwenye mchepuo wa Fasihi katika Kiingereza, Kifaransa, Kiswahili na Kinyarwanda (LFK). Mbinu ya usampulishaji lengwa ilitumiwa ili kupata sampuli ya walimu 9 na wanafunzi 93. Makala inabainisha kwamba fasihi andishi ina nafasi katika ukuzaji wa uwezo wa mawasiliano, stadi za lugha, ujasiri na utambuzi wa hisia. Pia, sehemu kubwa ya walimu wa Kiswahili haijafanikiwa kutumia fasihi andishi katika kukuza stadi za mawasiliano katika Kiswahili miongoni mwa wanafunzi wao; badala yake hujikita zaidi katika kufundisha dhana za nadharia ya fasihi. Aidha, makala inabainisha kuwa walimu wa shule teule hawajumuishi kikamilifu fasihi andishi katika mbinu zao za ufundishaji, wakizingatia zaidi kanuni za fasihi na kupuuza mazoezi ya mawasiliano ya kina. Tathmini za walimu zinaangazia zaidi stadi za kusoma na kuandika, huku zikipuuzia stadi nyingine kama vile kusikiliza, kuzungumza, ujasiri na utambuzi wa hisia ambazo ni stadi muhimu katika mawasiliano
Upokezi wa Istilahi za BAKITA katika Somo la Sayansi na Teknolojia kwa Watumiaji: Mifano kutoka Darasa la VI
Full text linkMakala hii inahusu upokezi wa istilahi za BAKITA katika somo la Sayansi na Teknolojia kwa watumiaji. Lengo ni kufafanua sababu za kupokelewa na kutopokelewa kwa istilahi za BAKITA na athari zake katika somo la sayansi na teknolojia darasa la VI. Data zilipatikana kwa njia ya uchambuzi matini na usaili na kuchambuliwa kwa Nadharia ya Istilahi za Kisayansi ya Kiingi (1989). Makala imeonesha matokeo ya aina tatu ambayo ni: kupokelewa kwa baadhi ya istilahi kwa walengwa wake, kutopokelewa kwa baadhi ya istilahi kwa walengwa wake, na athari zake. Kupokelewa kumechagizwa na sababu tatu. Nazo ni uzoefu wa istilahi husika kwa watumiaji wake, uwezo wa istilahi kubeba dhana husika, pamoja na mbinu iliyotumika kuunda istilahi husika. Kutopokelewa kwa istilahi kumechagizwa na sababu nne. Nazo ni dhana moja kurejelewa na istilahi tofauti, kasi ndogo ya uchapaji na usambazaji wa istilahi, tofauti ya tahajia ya istilahi za sayansi na teknolojia pamoja na ugeni wa istilahi husika kwa watumiaji. Kutopokelewa kwa istilahi husababisha kuwapo kwa istilahi zisizotumiwa na kutumika kwa istilahi zisizosanifishwa. Kutokana na matokeo hayo, makala hii inapendekeza kuzingatiwa kwa mikakati ya kupokelewa kwa istilahi kwa watumiaji wake. Mikakati hiyo ni kuhakikisha istilahi zilizoundwa zinawafikia walengwa wake na kufanya tathmini ya istilahi zilizoundwa
Mawanda na Mazingira ya Utokeaji wa Kirai Kihusishi katika Sentensi za Kiswahili
Full text linkUtambuzi na ubainishaji wa kirai kihusishi katika sentensi za Kiswahili unaibua mgogoro wa kimtazamo, miongoni mwa wanasarufi wa lugha hii, kuhusu mawanda na mazingira ya utokeaji wa kirai hicho. Mawanda hayo ni Kngo+H, Kngo+H+Kngo na H+Kngo. Kujiegemeza katika mawanda haya kumechagiza dosari kadhaa katika utambuzi wa kirai hiki na aina zingine za virai. Kwa hiyo, makala hii inalenga kudhihirisha mawanda na mazingira ya utokeaji wa kirai kihusishi katika sentensi za Kiswahili. Utafiti unaoripotiwa katika makala hii ulifanyika maktabani na uwandani. Mbinu zilizotumika kukusanya na kuchambua data ni usomaji matini kutoka Riwaya ya Nagona ya Kezilahabi (2011), upimaji wa usahihi wa kisarufi, na usaili. Mkabala wa Kileksika ulioasisiwa na Lewis (1993) ulitumika katika kufasiri na kuchanganua data za utafiti uliozaa makala hii. Matokeo yanaonesha kuwa mawanda ya kirai kihusishi huanzia kwenye kihusishi na hukomea katika kirai nomino cha baada yake. Vilevile, kirai hiki hutokea baada ya nomino, kitenzi, kibainishi, kivumishi, kiwakilishi, kuhusishi au kiunganishi katika sentensi za Kiswahili. Msimamo wa makala hii ni katika mawanda ya H+Kngo kwa sababu mawanda haya ndiyo yanayoakisi mawanda ya virai vingine vya Kiswahili. Kwa hiyo, usahihi wa utambuzi na ubainishaji wa kirai hiki unatoa uwezekano wa uainishaji wa viambajengo vingine vya sentensi kwa usahihi
Usawiri wa Ukizinda kwa Mawanda ya Mtu katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka Rosa Mistika na Harusi
Full text linkMakala hii inajadili ukizinda wa Waswahili katika riwaya za Rosa Mistika (1971) na Harusi (1984). Kwa ujumla, dhana ya ukizinda hujadiliwa katika mielekeo mikuu mitatu: vitu vya asili, sanaa, na mtu. Kwa muktadha wa makala hii, tunaitambulisha mielekeo hii kama mawanda. Lengo la makala hii ni kujadili vipengele vinavyozingatiwa na jamii za Waswahili katika kuuthamini ukizinda kwa mawanda ya mtu. Unapotazamwa katika mawanda haya, ukizinda hurejelea hali anayokuwa nayo mwanamke ambaye hajawahi kukutana kimwili na mwanamume. Utafiti uliozaa makala hii uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Sosholojia ya Fasihi. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia njia ya uchambuzi wa matini na usaili. Makala inabainisha kwamba ukizinda katika mawanda ya mtu katika jamii za Waswahili huangaliwa kupitia vipengele vinne. Navyo ni: kutambua umuhimu wa kizinda, kulinda kizinda, kutafuta kizinda, na kupima kizinda. Kwa kuwa ukizinda katika jamii za Waswahili huchukuliwa kama kitu chenye thamani, hususani katika kipengele cha maadili, makala inapendekeza kuwa tafiti zaidi zifanyike kuhusiana na masuala ya ukizinda wa Waswahili kupitia tanzu zingine za fasihi ya Kiswahili. Aidha, utafiti linganishi unaweza ukafanyika kutoka jamii za Waswahili na nyingine ili kuona tofauti ya chukulizi zilizopo katika jamii hizo kuhusiana na masuala ya ukizinda katika mawanda ya mtu
Challenges of Redressing the Victims of Unfair Terms in Standard Form Consumer Contact under the Fair Competition Act No. 8 of 2003
Full text linkThe Standard Form Consumer Contracts (SFCCs) are used in the provision of goods and/or services as an instrument to facilitate transactions between consumers and businesses. On the other hand, through the use of unfair terms, the SFCCs have been reported to be used as a tool for economic exploitation to the detriment of consumers. Many countries have enacted provisions for protecting consumers against unfair terms in SFCCs. This article explores the protection of consumers against unfair terms in SFCC under the Tanzania Fair Competition Act No.8 of 2003 (FCA). The article also examines the challenges that face the victims of unfair terms in the SFCCs in accessing redress available under the FCA. The article shows that the challenges of redressing the victims of unfair terms in SFCCs include the absence of effective remedy, absence of an offence for the use of unfair terms in SFCCs, overlapping mandate, and absence of a uniform law for regulating SFCCs. This article recommends for the harmonisation of all consumer protection laws regulating SFCCs. It also calls for amendment of all pieces of legislation that hamper the victims of unfair terms in SFCCs to obtain redress under the FCA.
Linking supply chain risk management to financial performance of SMEs: can supply chain collaboration moderate?
Full text linkWhile supply chain risk management is widely recognised for mitigating disruptions and enhancing operational efficiency, its impact on the financial performance of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises remains underexplored, particularly when considering the moderating effect of supply chain collaboration. Based on the resource-based view and relational view, this study analysed the relationship between supply chain risk management and the financial performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises. The moderating effect of supply chain collaboration was also investigated. The study used a cross-sectional design and data were collected from 162 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to analyse the effect of supply chain risk management on financial performance and the moderating effect of supply chain collaboration. The findings unveil that supply chain risk management positively and significantly affects financial performance. Initially, this study hypothesised that supply chain collaboration significantly strengthens the effect of supply chain risk management in achieving manufacturing small and medium enterprises’ financial performance. Despite the fact that the study’s findings show that supply chain collaboration does not significantly moderate the relationship between supply chain risk management and financial performance, supply chain collaboration has a positive direct effect on financial performance. Thus, small and medium-sized enterprises should implement supply chain risk management and supply chain collaboration practices as they have positive impact on financial performance. While there may not be a significant interaction effect, the financial performance can still be enhanced by utilising each practice independently
The Recurrence of Political Conflicts in Zanzibar: The Ultimate Resort to Consolidating a Democratic Culture?
Full text linkSix general elections have been held in Zanzibar after the reintroduction of multi-party politics in 1992. A longitudinal analysis of the Zanzibar political context indicates that from the first general election, which was held in 1995, to the sixth election in 2020, the electoral results have been intensely contested, and at times followed by electoral violence and a lasting political stalemate known locally as ‘Mpasuko wa Kisiasa’. While these electoral contestations and violence are evident, they are also mere symptoms of the struggle. The real reasons and the underlying causes of the conflict lie deeper in the malfunctioning democratic system manifested through the absence of a level playing field, allegations of election rigging, harassment of opposition supporters and refusal to honor the voters’ will. Drawing on Mao Tse-tung’s theory of contradiction, this paper interrogates the underlying issues under dispute within the broader discourse of democratic consolidation. The paper presents the nature of the conflict as a recourse to democratic consolidation, in an attempt to push for both institutional reforms and building a democratic culture. It argues that the conflict is an inevitable cause, perpetuated in defence of democracy defined in both political and material sense, and that the durable resolution of the conflict does not depend on the will of individual actors but initiatives targeting societal healing and undertaking democratic reforms
Procurement internal control systems and cost-effectiveness in force account construction projects
Full text linkPublic organisations consistently face challenges in achieving cost-effectiveness in construction projects, and this issue remains a global concern. In response to this issue, the present study examines the role of procurement internal control systems on cost-effectiveness in force account (FA) construction projects in local government authorities (LGAs). A cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 318 respondents from selected LGAs in Dodoma, Tanzania was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that attributes of procurement internal control systems that include stock control (β = 0.165, p < 0.015), record keeping (β = 0.355, p < 0.001), authorisation process (β = 0.233, p < 0.002), have significant and positive relationships with cost-effectiveness in FA construction projects. The study’s findings failed to confirm the significant link between the segregation of duties and the cost-effectiveness in FA construction projects (β = 0.094, p < 0.095). These results imply that among the considered procurement internal control systems; segregation of duties does not significantly matter in explaining cost-effectiveness in FA construction projects in LGAs. The study was limited by its geographical context. Therefore, the generalisation of findings should be done with caution because the study relied on the evidence from FA construction projects in primary schools within LGAs in Tanzania. This study provides valuable practical insights for procurement practitioners and members of the FA committee in the public sector. It guides the adherence to the procurement internal control systems to enhance the cost-effectiveness in construction projects