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L’espansione del gioco pubblico in Italia contemporanea
Get PDF2022 - 2023L’incertezza e la non prevedibilità del futuro sono regole del gioco della vita, ma il
sogno di poter superare questi vincoli ha sempre accompagnato lo sforzo e la fatica
dell’uomo nel suo impegno con la realtà; invocare la dea Fortuna per vincere questa
sfida non è mai stato segnale di debolezza. Oggi, però, questo sogno ha nuovi
simboli, nuovi sacerdoti, nuovi templi, e soprattutto ha uno strumento magico: il
denaro, da vincere con il “colpo grosso”.
Montagne di soldi che arrivano senza fatica, ma grazie a pura fortuna, risolvendo
automaticamente tutti i problemi della quotidianità.
Per questo ci sono offerti in abbondanza vecchi e nuovi riti: lotterie, giochi
televisivi, sale Bingo, casinò reali e virtuali e tutto il vecchio e nuovo mondo della
“scommessa”, sui numeri, sul calcio, sui cavalli, su qualunque cosa si possa rischiare.
Così si assommano due grandi sogni: la voglia di “vincere il futuro” senza più fatica,
senza più impegno, attraverso i “soldi facili”, e insieme il brivido del successo.
Ma c’è chi, sognando, si ammala di gioco, al punto che non ne può più fare a meno,
e si accanisce, perdendo anche il senso e il gusto del sogno, schiavo di un rischio in
cui si può solo perdere.
In tal modo il gioco patologico, così come altre dipendenze, può diventare
disastroso non solo per la persona, ma per tutta la famiglia; non solo
economicamente, ma anche per l’identità della persona.
Il gioco d’azzardo oltre che essere un evento di elevate proporzioni economiche,
esprime anche l’attrazione esercitata sull’uomo dalla casualità e dal rischio.
La prima parte della ricerca tratta le teorie che hanno analizzato il concetto di
“rischio” nella società postmoderna, quale componente fondamentale e che evince
dall’incertezza della stessa società, ponendo l’accento su due elementi propri del
concetto di “rischio”, sulla sua inevitabilità e sul fattore culturale in esso presente.
In particolare oggetto di analisi sono stati gli studi di Zygmunt Bauman che per
primo ha infuso il concetto di “rischio” con le dinamiche dell’azzardo. Egli nella sua
opera “La società dell’incertezza”1 delinea il profilo del giocatore d’azzardo,
descrivendo la sua personalità come “ridefinita”, “spersonalizzata” e “identificata”
attraverso gli elementi propri all’attività del gioco. Bauman sottolinea, soprattutto,
l’elemento del tempo trascorso a giocare, un tempo che definisce “finito”.
La seconda parte di questo lavoro sarà dedicata al gioco d’azzardo nelle sue
caratteristiche antropologiche e culturali. Si evidenzierà l’elemento sociale del gioco,
soprattutto del gioco del Lotto, come formula partecipe della realtà, creatrice di
elementi di essa. Il gioco verrà raccontato attraverso le sue condizioni e le sue regole,
mediante il linguaggio della comunità dei giocatori e alcuni imperativi dell’attività
ludica quali la “sfida con le sorte” e la “competizione con le fortuna”. [a cura dell'Autore]Uncertainty and unpredictability of the future are the rules of the game of life, but
the dream of being able to overcome these constraints has always accompanied man’
s effort and fatigue in his commitment to reality; invoking the goddess Fortuna to
overcome this challenge has never been considered a sign of weakness. Today,
however, this dream has new symbols, new priests, new temples and above all il has
a magical tool: money, to be won with the “ big shot ”.
Mountains of money that arrive without effort, but thanks to pure luck,
automatically solving all the problems of everyday life.
For this reason old and new rituals are offered in abundance: lotteries, television
games, Bingo halls, real and virtual casinos and all the old and new world of “ bets “,
on numbers, on football, on horses, on whatever one can to risk.
Thus two great dreams add up: “the desire to win the future ” without any more
effort, without any more commitment through “easy money” together with the trill of
success.
But there are those who, dreaming, get sick of gambling to the point that they can’t
do without it, and they persist, even losing the sense and the taste of the dream, a
slave to a risk in which one can only lose.
In this way pathological gambling, as well as other addictions, can become disastrous
not only for the person but for the whole family; not only economically but also for
the identity of the person himself.
Gambling as well as being an event of high economic proportions also expresses the
attraction exerted on man by chance an risk.
The first part of the research deals with the theories that have analyzed the concept of
“risk” in post-modern society as a fundamental by emphasizing two elements of the
concept of “risk” its inevitability and on the cultural factor present in it.
3
In particular the subject of analysis were the studies of Zygmunt Bauman who was
the first to infuse the concept of “risk” with the dynamics of chance. In his work “
The society of Uncertainty” he outlines the profile of the gambler by describing his
personality as “redefined”, “depersonalized” and “ identified” through the elements
proper to the gambling activity. Above all, Bauman emphasizes the element of time
spent playing, a time he defines as “finished”.
The second part of this work will be dedicated to gambling in its anthropological
and cultural characteristics. The social element of the game will be highlighted,
especially the Lotto game, as a formula that participates in reality, creating elements
of it. The game will be told through its conditions and its rules, through the language
of players and some imperatives of ludic activity such us the “ challenge with fate”
and the “ competition with luck”. [edited by Author]XXXVI cicl
La storia e i mattoncini lego
No full textStefano Bartolini proviene dalla Fondazione Valore Lavoro.
Nel suo intervento riflette su uno delle ultime evoluzioni della Public History è quello dell'uso dei Lego per raccontare la storia. Un fenomeno esploso da circa 12 anni e arrivato in Italia da pochissimo. L'intervista è stata realizzata nel corso della V Conferenza dell'AIPH (Associazione italiana di Public History) da Micaela Antelmi e Andrea Cortesogno, studenti del Dipartimento di Storia, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo dell’Università di Firenze
A Preliminary Geography of the (Mega)Dungeon
Get PDFThe dungeon and megadungeon are imagined spaces of a complex and interconnected network that emerged in fantasy tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) from the 1970s. As a space distinctive to early TTRPGs it is characterised by asymmetry between the dungeon as an object of design, and the dungeon as a practice of play. The discourse of games manuals, independent publications and blogs emerging from the TTRPG scene tracks the origins and evolution of these procedural and labyrinthine spaces, and the distinct spatiality of the megadungeon as a geographical object. The space of the megadungeon can be mapped onto a Lefebvrian triad of spatial production: it exists as a representation of space produced by a dungeon master or algorithmic generation that forms an infrastructure of play; it exists as a spatial practice emerging out of the unique experience of players traversing the megadungeon; and it forms a space of representation by seeking to imagine the megadungeon as a living fictional world, intersecting with the assumptions about spatial norms and relations originating in tropes of fantasy fiction. Surveying these trends in conversation with recent insights from human geography illustrates the distinct spatiality of the megadungeon that is derived from its origins in TTRPG play. This brings forward important questions for the utility of the megadungeon as a metaphor for digital media ecologies, and asks whether the metaphor could be extended to enrich conceptual debates in human geography
Laboratori scolastici di Public History
No full textChiara Ottaviano, Presidente di Cliomedia Public History e Archivio degli Iblei.
Nel suo intervento presenta i laboratori scolastici realizzati nelle scuole. L'intervista è stata realizzata nel corso della V Conferenza dell'AIPH (Associazione italiana di Public History) da Micaela Antelmi e Andrea Cortesogno, studenti del Dipartimento di Storia, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo dell’Università di Firenze
Innovative catalytic Formulations for photo-assisted Chemical reactions
No full text2021 - 2022Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation has been extensively studied for environmental applications such as
purification processes aimed to the removal of organic substances at room temperature both in water and in
air. However, in recent years, photocatalytic processes have also been extended to the synthesis of organic
compounds in mild conditions. This Ph.D. work has been focused on the application of heterogeneous
photocatalysis for the removal of contaminants (azo-dyes and pesticides) and for the selective oxidation of
benzene to phenol to explore its potential application in an industrial process. In particular, visible light
active photocatalysts in powder form have been formulated, optimized through the coupling with E-
cyclodextrins and studied in the degradation of water pollutants. Subsequently, the optimized photocatalysts
were employed in the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol. Among the investigated photocatalysts, N doped
TiO2 (N-TiO2) photocatalyst showed the highest benzene conversion than the other photocatalytic
formulations.
Such photocatalyst was coupled with syndiotactic polystyrene in aerogel form (sPS) having a high affinity
towards hydrophobic compounds (benzene) and a very low affinity towards hydrophilic compounds (phenol)
in order to maximize the selectivity to phenol favoring its desorption from photocatalyst surface. Therefore,
the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzene in liquid phase is studied using visible active N-TiO2
photocatalyst embedded into a monolithic syndiotactic polystyrene aerogel (N-TiO2/sPS, 10/90 w/w) under
UV or visible light irradiation with the aim to tune the selectivity towards the desired product. The
experimental results evidenced that the presence of sPS allows to achieve a benzene conversion higher than
50% under both irradiation conditions at the spontaneous pH of the solution. In addition, N-TiO2/sPS is able
to enhance the phenol selectivity compared to N-TiO2 in powder form that shows a very low selectivity to
phenol in presence of UV light and no phenol production with visible light. A remarkable enhancement of
both selectivity and phenol yield is achieved under visible light in acidic conditions because of the low
affinity of phenol to the hydrophobic structure of sPS, facilitating the desorption of the produced phenol in
the aqueous medium from N-TiO2/sPS, and, consequently, inhibiting at a certain extent the phenol
overoxidation reactions. The final phase of the PhD work was devoted to the formulation of transition metal
oxides (V2O5, Fe2O3 and CuO) supported on N-TiO2 and their dispersion in polymeric aerogels to increase
both the benzene consumption rate and the production rate of phenol, maximizing, at the same time,
selectivity and yield to the desired product under visible light. Cu/N-TiO2 in powder form allowed to achieve
a phenol yield after 10 hours of visible light, significantly higher than that observed with Fe/N-TiO2 and
V/N-TiO2. Therefore, to further increase the yield and selectivity to phenol and the phenol production rate,
Cu/N-TiO2 photocatalyst was embedded in sPS aerogel. Then, the operating conditions (dosage of Cu/N-
TiO2/sPS, solution pH) were optimized. The best result so far not found in literature was obtained using
Cu/N-TiO2/sPS photoreactive aerogel in acidic conditions which reveals both benzene conversion and a
phenol yield higher than 95% and a selectivity to phenol greater than 99 %, values achieved in a very short
time of visible light irradiation (180 min) with very little formation of by-products. A possible reaction
mechanism was also proposed, The developed photoreactive (Cu/N-TiO2/sPS) solid phase represents a
"proof of concept" that could allow a significant leap forward in the development of innovative green
processes for the selective oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons under mild conditions. [edited by Author]XXXV cicl
Luciano Baruch Tagliacozzo, Matrimonio e volontà. Traduzione del trattato Kiddushìn del Talmud di Gerusalemme, a cura di Francesco Fasolino e Francesco Lucrezi (Forme e itinerari del diritto. Collana diretta da F. Fasolino, A. Lovato, F. Lucrezi 5), Torino, 2022, pp. 272 [discussione]
Get PDFEl Kaziyadu de Orlando: por un Estado regional hacia el neofederalismo
Get PDFLas ideas sobre la regionalización territorial y organización del Estado colombiano, elaboradas durante una extensa e intensa investigación del connotado científico social Orlando Fals Borda, presentan un gran sentido de actualidad y enriquecen el debate sobre los planes de desarrollo y las políticas públicas. La pertinencia de las propuestas de federalismo, neofederalismo o Estado regional cobran relevancia, ante la gravedad de las crisis del Estado nacional, soportada en el fraccionamiento territorial, sumado a la incidencia de los procesos económicos, políticos, culturales y, de manera relevante, los ambientales. Es el propósito de este artículo demostrar la relevancia de los mencionados estudios y destacar su gran calidad analítica, al tiempo que reconocerlos como guía me-todológica para la investigación-acción-participativa.The ideas on the territorial regionalization and organization of the Colombian State, de-veloped extensively and intensely researched by the renowned social scientist Orlando Fals Borda, present a great sense of topicality and enrich the debate on development plans and public policies. The relevance of the proposals of federalism, neo-federalism or the regional State become more relevant given the seriousness of the crises of the national State supported by territorial division, as well as economic, political, cultural and environmental issues. The purpose of this article is demonstrating the relevance of said studies, highlighting their high analytical quality acknowledging their potential as methodological guides for participatory-action-research
Nuove disposizioni in materia di reati contro il Patrimonio Culturale e criminalità transnazionale: l’adeguamento dell’ordinamento italiano agli standard della convenzione di Nicosia
Get PDFEstimates for the transition kernel for elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients
Get PDF2021 - 2022This manuscript is devoted to the study of the qualitative behaviour of the
solutions of evolution equations arising from elliptic and parabolic problems
on unbounded domains with unbounded coefficients. In particular, we deal
with the elliptic operator of the form
A = div(Q∇) + F · ∇ − V,
where the matrix Q(x) = (qij (x)) is symmetric and uniformly elliptic and the
coefficients qij , F and V are typically unbounded functions.
Since the classical semigroup theory does not apply in case of unbounded
coefficients, in Chapter 1 we illustrate how to construct the minimal semigroup
T(·) associated with A in Cb(R
d
). It provides a solution of the corresponding
parabolic Cauchy problem
(
∂tu(t, x) = Au(t, x), t > 0, x ∈ R
d
,
u(0, x) = f(x), x ∈ R
d
,
for f ∈ Cb(R
d
), that is given through an integral kernel p as follows
T(t)f(x) = Z
Rd
p(t, x, y)f(y) dy.
Moreover, such solution is unique if a Lyapunov function exists. Since an
explicit formula is in general not available, it is interesting to look for pointwise
estimates for the integral kernel p.
In Chapter 2 we consider a Schr ̈odinger type operator in divergence form,
namely the operator A when F = 0. We prove first that the minimal realiza-
tion Amin of A in L
2
(R
d
) with unbounded coefficients generates a symmetric
sub-Markovian and ultracontractive semigroup on L
2
(R
d
) which coincides on
L
2
(R
d
)∩Cb(R
d
) with the minimal semigroup generated by a realization of A on
Cb(R
d
). Moreover, using time dependent Lyapunov functions, we show point-
wise upper bounds for the heat kernel of A. We then improve such estimates
and deduce some spectral properties of Amin in concrete examples, such as in
the case of polynomial and exponential diffusion and potential coefficients.
Chapter 3 deals with the whole operator A. With appropriate modifi-
cations, similar kernel estimates described above are valid for this operator.
In addition, we prove global Sobolev regularity and pointwise upper bounds
for the gradient of p. We finally apply such estimates in case of polynomial
coefficients. [edited by Author]XXXV cicl
Sottrazione internazionale dei minori e diritto UE: gli effetti positivi dell’adesione dell’UE alla Convenzione di Istanbul e della futura direttiva sulla lotta alla violenza domestica
No full textAfter briefly outlining the growth of the phenomenon of international child
abduction committed by mothers who are victims of violence, this contribution will
highlight the gaps that currently exist in the field of transnational protection measures
for women victims of violence and then attempt to propose a solution. Over the years,
the discipline of Regulation (EU) No 606/2013 dedicated to the mutual recognition
of international protection orders combined with the Brussels I-bis and Brussels IIbis and -ter Regulations has proven ineffective, as has the mechanism developed by
Directive 2011/99/EU on the European Protection Order (EPO), confirmed by its rare
practical applications. A combined reading of the Istanbul Convention, to which the
European Union has recently acceded, together with the proposal for a Directive on
combating violence against women and domestic violence, could concretely be the
valve through which to ensure protection for mothers who are victims of genderbased violence during the proceedings for the return of the child.Premessi brevi cenni sulla crescita del fenomeno della sottrazione
internazionale di minore commesso da madri vittime di violenza, il presente
contributo evidenzierà le lacune attualmente esistenti in materia di misure di
protezione transnazionali delle donne vittime di violenza e successivamente tenterà
di proporre una sua soluzione. Negli anni, la disciplina del Regolamento (UE) n.
606/2013 dedicata al riconoscimento reciproco degli ordini di protezione
internazionale combinata con i Regolamenti Bruxelles I bis e Bruxelles II bis e ter si
è dimostrata inefficace come altresì il meccanismo messo a punto dalla direttiva
2011/99/UE sull’ordine di protezione europeo (EPO), confermato dalle sue rare
applicazioni pratiche. Una lettura congiunta della Convenzione di Istanbul, cui ha da
poco aderito l’Unione europea, nonché della proposta di Direttiva sulla lotta alla
violenza contro le donne e alla violenza domestica potrebbe concretamente
rappresentare la valvola attraverso la quale garantire una protezione delle madri
vittime di violenza di genere durante il procedimento di ritorno del minore