International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology
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COMBINED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH RECTANGULAR DUCT
Get PDFA convective mode of heat transfer plays an important role in many engineering applications. Combined convection heat transfer involves with free convection heat transfer effects on forced convection. Sidewalls and bottom surface of the duct were subjected to uniform heat flux while top surface was adiabatic.Test section was incorporated with 27 copper constantan thermocouple to measure wall temperatures & 12 to determine heat loss. The range of parameters used were – Gr=105 to 107 , Re = 1000-2300 and Pr=0.7.Air was used as working fluid .From experimental outcome shows that value of Grashof number and Reynolds numbers for air were are considerably greater than the pure forced convection values in the downstream side of flow. It was observed experimentally wall temperature distribution is varying in sidewalls and bottom side. Temperatures are higher on bottomsie than sidewall
SIMULATION APPROACH TO EVALUATE 5G MODULATION TECHNIQUE PERFORMANCES
Get PDFThe main objectives of this article is to evaluate the performance of different modulation schemes in a 5G communication based on parameters like Bit Error Rate (BER), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR),One-way delay, Spectral efficiency, through-put. The effectiveness of the 5G network in different areas was experimentally proved using various tools for simulation in MATLAB. The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16-QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64-QAM, and 256-QAM were investigated at the signal to noise ratios (SNR) ranging from -10dB to 20dB at 5dB intervals. The QPSK modulation technique provide the greatest performance with respect to BER, PARP, throughput and latency at the expense of spectral efficiency significantly due to modulation order. For moderate to high SNR, 256QAM shows great results but performance degrades with falling Signal to Noise Ratio and susceptibility to Inter Symbol Interference rises due to the shorter hamming distance. At the lowest SNR of -10dB, 256QA Modulation Technique shows possibly worst numbers – Bit Error Rate of 0.5006bps, almost 0% throughput with a maximum PAP ratio of 8dB, and One-way latency of 5.23ms. Finally, the 64QA modulation technique provides a balanced figures as far as Bit Error Rate, Throughput, Spectral Efficiency and other evaluating parameters are considered with respect to Signal to Noise Ratio of 5dB
A REVIEW ON MITIGATION STRATEGIES FOR SUB-SYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE (SSR) STABILITY ANALYSIS OF MODERN POWER SYSTEM UNDER TIME DELAYS
No full textWith the advancement in technology of modern power electronic and development of measurement systems such as phase measurement units(PMU)and wide area measurement system (WAMS), modern power system coordinated with sub synchronous oscillation stability issues has been increased. Since there are obvious time delays during the measurements, it is important to properly evaluate the impact of time delays on the power system oscillation stability and the controller design. In this paper,reviewed impact of various controllers design for mitigation of sub synchronous oscillation stability
ABPN BILLING APPLICATION
No full textThis Android Application named ABPN Billing Application that is of important for Billing and invoicing of Audits. 
ADVANCED CARDAN PROPELLER SHAFT JOINT
No full textIn any direct mechanical drive system, there exists a need to couple the variety of driven elements that may be included. The majority of drive elements, including gear reducers, lead screws, and a host of other components, are driven by shafting that is supported by multiple bearings. This allows for shafting to be held extremely straight and rigid while rotating, avoiding any possible balancing and support problems. Because of this rigid support, it is virtually impossible to avoid slight misalignments between a driving and driven shaft when they are connected. Restoring forces that occur as the two coupled shafts compete to maintain their original positions can put unwanted strain on shaft bearings, causing them to wear out prematurely. Additional axial loads are also placed on the bearings as thermal growth occurs in shafting during operation. The basic function of a power transmission coupling is to transmit torque from an input shaft to an output shaft at a given shaft speed and, where necessary to accommodate shaft misalignment. Misalignment is the result of many factors including installation errors and tolerance variations. Shaft misalignment can increase the axial and radial forces exerted on the coupling.These side loads result from dynamic coupling behavior, frictional loads and loads caused by flexing or compressing coupling components. The undesirable results include tensional or angular velocity vibrations which reduce system accuracy, excessive forces and heat on system bearings which reduce machine life, increased system vibration and noise which adversely affects equipment operation. The solution to the above problem is an indigenous coupling that gives constant transmission of torque and angular velocity. The main features of the coupling being minimize or even eliminate side loads, higher shaft misalignment capabilities, greater drive accuracy
BRICKS COUNTING FROM AN IMAGE USING IMAGE PROCESSING
No full textConstruction progress is predominantly measured with manual site surveys. These surveys are labor-intensive, on-site manual investigations. The generated survey reports are subjective and approximate because they are based on the surveyors’ individual experiences. The “Counting bricks in an image using python” this project helps us to prevalent method of measuring progress is through manual site surveys. The prevalent method of measuring progress is through manual site surveys. These surveys are tedious and time consuming. They are also approximate, as counting the number of bricks in-place to compare against those ordered is a very laborious task compared to its end value. In previous research, we are able to count the number of bricks using single images. This paper presents a method for counting bricks in-placed to automate the brick site survey using image processing. This method improves the brick counting method on image to a continuous counting in image. It can compare the brick detection results in successive frames and accumulate the counts when new bricks appear. The method works by the following two steps. (1) Count the number of bricks in an image. and add new bricks to the count upon the appearance in an image. This paper also demonstrated a performance comparison of traditional brick counting approach and automated counting approach. Test results demonstrate that this method is capable of counting the number of bricks in an image with acceptable error
CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE BLOCKS
No full textCellular light weight concrete (CLC) is not a new invention in concrete world. It has been gained popularity due to its lower density and comparative strength than conventional brick. CLC is versatile material which is made up of cement, fly ash and foaming agent. CLC gives better sound insulation, thermal insulation, durable, light weight, uniform size & shape, low permeability. Cellular light weight concrete is popular because of its light weight which reduces self-weight of the structure. In this project, CLC cubes are casted with 60% of fly ash and 40% of cement with foam added in time interval of 40 seconds. To check the properties of these cellular light weight cubes, the tests like density, compressive strength and water absorption test is done in laboratory. From the result, it is observed that compressive strength for CLC cubes decreases from 23.59MPa to 1.55MPa for 28days of curing and increases in water absorption from 8.36% to 13.75% due increase in the air voids. The blocks are casted by adding foam in 180sec in order to obtain compressive strength greater than 3.5MPa that can be used for load bearing walls
CONTROLLINGLAMPANDFANBYUSINGGSMMODULE
No full textNow a day\u27s every system is automated in order to face new challenges in the Present daysituation. Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the Flexibility, reliabilitiesare high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control Systems. Especially in thefield of electronics automated systems are doing better Performance. Probably the mostuseful thing to know about the global system for mobile Communication is that it is aninternational standard. If you travel in parts of world, GSM is only type of cellular serviceavailable. Instead of analog services, GSM was developed as a digital system using TDMAtechnology.
Thegoaloftheprojectistodevelopasystem,whichusesMobiletechnologythat keeps control of the various units of the home appliances, which executes with respect to thesignal sent by the mobile. For utilization of appliances the new concept has been thought tomanage them remotely by using GSM, which enables the user to remotely control switchingof domestic appliances. Just by dialing keypad of remote telephone, from where we arecalling we can perform ON / OFF operation of the appliances. The ranges of appliances thatcan be controlled through tele remote systems are many in numbers. Some of them are asfollowsandthisdependsupontheusagepriorityoftheappliances i.e.,LightsSystemorotherelectrical/electronicappliances
EFFECTIVENESS OF ‘JALYUKT SHIVAR’ A WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME- A CASE STUDY
Get PDF‘Jalyukt Shivar’ is one of the Watershed Development Programme, released in month of December, 2014 by Maharashtra Government. Harvesting maximum rainwater in the surrounding of village itself and increasing the availability of water is the main purpose of this Programme. The Programme is all about the water conservation in rural areas. As water (Surface water or ground water) is an important resource, it affects Agricultural sector, Agro based activities and therefore economy of the area where it is implemented because the economic prosperity of land depends on the water it holds. This paper focuses the provisions made in the Programme for rain water harvesting and study of its effectiveness in the study area
ENERGY-CONSUMPTION ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
No full textThe Major problem in wireless sensor network to achieve an energy-efficient routing protocol. Energy consumption is a critical problem in wireless sensor network for nodes and network life. For increasing lifetime of networks energy saving is must and also energy saving routing protocols are very important in wireless sensor networks. More the radius cover more is energy requirement. Hence if radius is less then energy consumption will be less. In this Paper, a RSES routing protocol is presented which adjusts the radius according to threshold value. By using this protocol, energy consumption is minimized. The on-demand route discovery process issued for routing table information. When the remnant energy reaches a certain threshold, the node reduces its transmission radius and again readjustment is done in order to achieve less energy consumption under the premise of some certain coverage ratio .Hence by using this algorithm Energy consumption can be minimized. Using RSES protocolnetwork lifetime increases and achieves a balanced networkload,energysavingandroutingtraffic. Usingshortestpathalgorithmswemight get the energy efficient path but if the same path is used frequently then nodes on the same path gets discharged accordingly.EnergyKey terms: Wireless Sensor Network, Radius Self-Adjust Energy Saving Routing Protocol, CoverageRatio,Power saving,WirelessCommunicatio