International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND WATER ABSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF NATURAL RUBBER FILLED WITH MELON HUSK AND SAWDUST
Get PDFFillers are materials which when added to rubber mix enhance the properties. These properties are physical in nature which include hardness, tensile strength, flex fatigue, stiffness and to some extent, the chemical properties. Fillers improve the processing characteristics, reduce cost and also act as auxiliary components necessary for vulcanisate. In rubber industry, fillers that are commonly in use are carbon black, China clay and calcium carbonate. The process of producing carbon black requires tremendous energy utilization, heavy infrastructure setup and constitutes a heavy source of environmental pollution and it is also carcinogenic. Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in the use of individual and agricultural waste as fillers because of their renewability, low cost, readily available and environmental friendly. The mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of natural rubber filled with melon husk and sawdust as fillers were studied. The melon husk and sawdust were characterized in terms of moisture content (melon husk = 5.80% and sawdust = 9.80%), iodine absorption number (melon husk = 59.00 and sawdust = 70.40), pH (melon husk = 6.30 and sawdust = 6.40), particle size of the fillers were 75µm and compounding was done at varying filler loadings (10 to 40pphr) using two roll mill machine. The mechanical properties result showed that incorporation of melon husk and sawdust into the vulcanized natural rubber generally increased as filler loadings increased. The highest tensile strength (sawdust = 10.25-27.11 MPa and melon husk = 10.25-25.03 MPa), tensile modulus (sawdust = 1.68-3.04 MPa and melon husk = 1.68-2.35 MPa), hardness (sawdust = 35.03-48.06 IRHD and melon husk = 35.03-45.92 IRHD) and abrasion resistance (sawdust = 18.50-36.35% and melon husk = 18.50-30.13%) were obtained as filler loadings increased. The elongation at break (sawdust = 803-515% and melon husk = 803-560%), compression set (sawdust = 25.13-11.50% and melon husk = 25.13-12.75%) and flex fatigue (sawdust = 15.45-7.29 Kc x 103 and melon husk = 15.45-7.85 Kc x 103) of composites decreased as the filler loadings increased. The sawdust filled vulcanizates showed better mechanical properties than melon husk filled vulcanizates. In addition, the effects of these fillers on the end-use properties such as water absorption were examined. The results showed that as the filler loadings increased, the water uptake in melon husk filled vulcanizates and sawdust filled vulcanizates increased due to hydrophilic nature of the fillers. The sawdust filled vulcanizates had more water uptake than the melon husk filled vulcanizates
A FORMATION OF A DIMENSION QUALIFICATION MACHINE
Get PDFThe present invention is a measuring machine wherein the part inserted from reliving point in an adapting tool that is surrounded by the rotated die by means of gearing arrangement having the shape of the part that has to pass from said die for OD measurement and in case of ID measurement, the dimension or threads are engraved on OD stationary tool. As the part qualifies to the measurement standards set by the user the first jaw opens to allow the part to measure as an accepted part and counted by a sensor configured with said clamping jaw to count as qualified quantity else hold as rejected that can be removed manually. Said process of measurement is continuous until the specified batch size completes. Said batch completes a second clamping jaw open and first clamping jaw close to passing said batch of accepted parts to accepting tray to dispatch
MULTIPURPOSE FERTILIZER SPREADING MACHINE: DESIGN AND FABRICATION
Get PDFThe paper provides information on the different types of new developments in manure dispenser which are available these days. Fertilizer spreading machine is an important tool in the agriculture part. The modern era is marching towards rapid growth in all sectors including the agricultural sector. Meet the next meal Demands, farmers must adopt new strategies that will not interfere soil texture however will increase overall crop production. This paper is interactive with various throwing of the fertilizer methods used in India to distribute the fertilizer machine. Comparison between traditional dumping of the fertilizer method and proposed new machine, which can make a price simultaneous operation and has a number of benefits. Fertilization of land is one of the important and common procedure before the cropping of seeds this work is carried out mostly by the machineries and labours which will include the cost for fertilization process for big and large farms it also become costly and time required to do also more. The main objective of our multipurpose fertilizers spreading machine is to reduce time and cost for fertilizers process by reducing the human efforts. Along with Fertilizers we can spread seeds as well. As daily activity availability becomes a major concern for farmers and labour costs are higher, this machine reduces the total effort and cost of composting the throwing of throwing fertilizer and manure. In this work, we are discussed about multipurpose fertilizer spreading machine
AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR LASER ENGRAVING DEPTH OF CAST ACRYLIC AND BIRCH PLYWOOD USING LBM
No full textLaser beam machining (LBM) is one of the most widely used thermal energy based non-contact type advance machining process. The laser beam machining process has various types of micro-machining applications such as laser cutting, fine cutting, laser drilling, micro-drilling, precision machining, micro-fabrication, laser marking, and engraving, etc. The cutting process is carried out by moving a focused laser beam along the surface of the workpiece with constant distance, thereby generating a narrow typically some tenths of a millimeter cut kerf. In recent years, researchers have explored a number of ways to improve the LBM process performance by analyzing different factors that affect the quality characteristics of the LBM process such as kerf width, kerf taper, surface finish, etc. It is seen from the literature that the process performance of the LBM process can be improved considerably by the appropriate selection of laser beam process parameters. Hence, in this work, an attempt is made for a comparative study of the LBM process for different materials using the experimental method. This will give the ready reference to the process planner to choose an appropriate set of optimum solutions as per requirement. For this work, the experiments are carried out on the CO2 laser machine for various materials. The process parameters considered are assisting gas pressure, cutting speed, laser power, and pulse frequency. The quality performance measures are in terms of engraving depth
AUTOMATIC FEEDBACK AND SPEED CONTROL OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FOR EV BY USING RASPBERRY PI
No full textThis project presents the design and implementation of control strategy for both the speed and direction of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. The Raspberry Pi 3 with a motor driver controller has been used to implement the control action via Python-based user defined programming. The Android application has been developed using Android Developer Tools in Java platform
BAMBOO FRAME DUCT SOLAR DRYER
No full textDrying is one of the methods used to preserve food products for longer periods. The heat from the sun coupled with the wind has been used to dry food for preservation for several years. In many countries of the world, the use of solar thermal systems in the agricultural area to conserve vegetables, fruits, coffee and other crops has shown to be practical, economical and the responsible approach environmentally. Solar heating systems to dry food and other crops can improve the quality of the product, while reducing wasted produce. Under the module of Advance topics in mechanical engineering projects, we were assigned to design the low-cost vegetable dryer. The design of dryer consists of several steps and sequence procedure. Drying or dehydration of a material say by employing solar energy means removal of moisture from the interior of the material to the surface and then to remove this moisture from the surface of the drying material. It is a complex heat and mass transfer process
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLAYER AND NON- PLAYER STUDENTS IN RELATION TO MENTAL HEALTH AND INTELLECTUAL
Get PDFThe objective of this study was "To examine mental health dimensions between player and non- player students". Researcher took 50 boys and 50 girls ranging from 17 to 21 years for the study. In the present study sex and type of students have been treated as independent variable and mental health as dependent variable. The respective groups of boys and girls were adminstered the mental health inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava). It was observed that - male player subjects are found more positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy and environmental mastery than male non player subject, and over all mental health there is significant difference between male player and male non -player subjects. Female Player subjects are found more positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy, group-oriented attitudes and environmental mastery than female non player subjects, and over all mental health, there is significant difference between female player and female non -player subjects
CYBER WORLD ACADEMY
No full textThe physical classroom learning nowadays is no longer applicable for the current younger generations (Gen Y). Internet and distance learning which is generally known as online education plays a vitalrole in the country\u27s education system. It is undeniable that online educationprovidesample of benefits to young learners. Nevertheless, there are also many negative implications from online education. Limited collaborative learning. increase in time and effort are the several negative implications from online education. This study examines the implications of online education among students especially in a private higher learning institution and its effect towardsMalaysiannational education system. Information has been collected through surveys, interviews and together ith secondary data, and were analyzed using SPSS. The studies found that there are various serious issues regarding online education and on its effect on the quality of Malaysian Education System to certain extend. Several problems have been identified and these issues have to be solved in order to sustain the quality of education for future generations. Furthermore, Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) should formulate a standard policy, monitor closely the implementation of online education, evaluate and review the method used in teaching and upgrade to maintain the quality of online education in private higher education institution
DESIGN, ANALYSIS & WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL
No full textThe aim of our project work is to replace the metallic propeller shaft of automotive by composite propeller shaft. The requirement of this modification is to increase the efficiency of the power transmission by reducing the weight of the propeller shaft. We are intend to analyse through catia / solid work simulation
EFFECT OF PVD COATED TOOLS ON HYPOEUTECTIC ALUMINIUM ALLOY DURING DRY MACHINING PROCESS
Get PDFThe great challenge of today’s Industries is to process smooth production. Material like Aluminium Alloys machining is a greater challenge for the Aerospace, Automobile due to their peculiar character weight by volume ratio. Silicon in the Al alloy is lesser than 12% is commonly known as Hypoeutectic Al Alloy. Machining is a further challenge for this Hypoeutectic alloy. Dry machining process is an economic and environmental healthy process. In the present study Hypoeutectic Aluminium alloy is machined using PVD coated Diamond like Carbon (DLC), AlCrN and Uncoated Carbide cutting tool. Minitab statistical software is used to produce L27 Array for 3 factor and 3 levels of variables to conduct turning experiment. Average Surface roughnesses are recorded to optimize the cutting parameters for each tool using Taguchi analysis for the dry machining process. AlCrN coated tool machining gives minimum Ra= 0.649 µm at 2000 rpm Speed, 0.02 mm/rev feed rate and 0.25mm depth of cut. The study also shows that coated tools shows appreciable results compared with uncoated tools to achieve optimized surface finish