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ROLUL ZINCULUI ÎN PROCESELE DE CREȘTERE ȘI DEZVOLTARE A PLANTULELOR DE PORUMB EXPUSE SECETEI FIZIOLOGICE
Full text linkThe present work elucidated the effect of the new zinc coordination compound, with the formula {[Zn3(HL)2(H2O)6](SO4)2⋅1.5dmf∙2.5H2O}n (CCZn) (H2L=2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(isonicotinoylhydrazone), on the growth and development processes of seedlings of Zea mays L., the hybrid SY Ulises, exposed to physiological drought. The physiological drought was induced by adding the natural polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) to the aqueous solutions. PEG6000 reduced the availability of water in the solutions and caused water stress to the seedlings. The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions, and the research results showed that the CCZn has a positive effect in the early development of maize seedlings, both under favorable conditions and drought conditions. The significant physiologically beneficial influence of CCZn in the concentration range of 0.0001 – 0.01% was highlighted. In the early stages of seedling development, under moderate drought conditions, CCZn presents characteristics of a biologically active substance with anti-stress properties, evidenced by maintaining the growth and biomass accumulation of Zea mays L. plants at a significantly higher level than in the „control plant” variant.
În lucrare a fost elucidat efectul compusului coordinativ nou al zincului, cu formula {[Zn3(HL)2(H2O)6](SO4)2⋅1,5dmf∙2,5H2O}n (CCZn) (H2L=2,6-diacetilpiridină bis(izonicotinoilhidrazonă), asupra proceselor de creștere și dezvoltare a plantulelor de Zea mays L., hibridul SY Ulises, expuse secetei fiziologice. Seceta fiziologiă a fost indusă prin adăugarea în soluțiile apoase a polimerului natural polietilenglicol (PEG6000). PEG6000-ul a redus disponibilitatea apei în soluții și a provocat plantulelor un stres hidric. Experimentele au fost realizate în condiții de laborator, iar rezultatele cercetării au demonstrat că CCZn are un efect pozitiv în fazele incipiente ale dezvoltării plantulelor de porumb, atât în condiții favorabile, cât și în condiții de secetă. S-a evidențiat influența fiziologică semnificativă benefică a CCZn în intervalul de concentrații de 0,0001 – 0,01%. În fazele incipiente ale dezvoltării plantulelor, în condiții de secetă moderată, CCZn prezintă caracteristici de substanță biologic activă cu proprietăți antistres, evidențiate prin menținerea creșterii și acumulării biomasei plantelor de Zea mays L. la un nivel semnificativ mai ridicat decât în varianta „plante martor”
УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ, КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА И АДАПТАЦИОННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА НОВЫХ ГЕНОТИПОВ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЗОНЫ МОЛДОВЫ
Full text linkThis paper presents the results of research on the productivity, grain quality and adaptive properties of 19 new genotypes of winter soft wheat in the conditions of the central zone of Moldova, conducted in 2021-2023. Such indicators as stress resistance, genetic flexibility, and adaptation coefficient were studied. As a result, it was found that, the grain yield varied from 5.45 t/ha (2022) to 8.40 t/ha (2023), depending on the years of research. The most favorable conditions for plant growth and development were in 2023, as indicated by the positive environmental index of +1.49. The genotypes SDK 1921 (7.20 t/ha) and SDK 2021 (7.67 t/ha) showed the highest grain yield, exceeding the control variety Meleag (7.06 t/ha) by 0.14 and 0.60 t/ha, or 2.0-8.6%. The stress resistance of the genotypes varied from -1.53 to 4.71, genetic flexibility changed from 6.05 to 7.85, the adaptability index from 0.89 to 1.10. The protein content in the grain of the studied genotypes ranged from 9.6 to 12.0%, with an average of 10.8% in the experiment. The highest protein yield per 1 ha was demonstrated by the MDK 1807 (685.3 kg/ha) and SDK 2021 (685.0 kg/ha) samples, exceeding the control variety Meleag (680.1 kg/ha) by 5.2 and 4.9 kg/ha. The gluten content in the protein was 13.7-22.3%. The BRU 1975 sample had a high gluten content (22.3%). In terms of protein accumulation, the stress resistance of genotypes varied from -2.7 to -5.3, the Meleag variety having the highest resistance -2.7. The lowest stress resistance was observed in the SDK 2021 and MDK 1807 samples (-5.3 each). The genetic flexibility index varied between 9.6 and 12.0, and the adaptability coefficient from 0.89 to 1.11.
В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследований по изучению продуктивности, качества зерна и адаптационных свойств 9 новых генотипов озимой мягкой пшеницы в условиях центральной зоны Молдовы, проведенных в период 2021-2023 гг. Изучались такие показатели как стрессоустойчивость, генетическая гибкость, коэффициент адаптации. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что по годам исследований урожайность зерна варьировала от 5,45 т/га (2022 г) до 8,40 т/га (2023 г). Наиболее благоприятные условия для роста и развития растений сложились в 2023 году, на что указывает положительный индекс среды +1,49. Наиболее высокой урожайностью зерна выделились генотипы SDK 1921 (7,20 т/га) и SDK 2021 (7,67 т/га), превысившие контрольный сорт Меляг (7,06 т/га) на 0,14 и 0,60 т/га или 2,0-8,6%. Стрессоустойчивость генотипов варьировала от -1,53 до 4,71, генетическая гибкость изменялась от 6,05 до 7,85, индекс адаптивности от 0,89 до 1,10. Содержание белка в зерне изучаемых генотипов колеблется от 9,6 до 12,0%, будучи средним по опыту 10,8%. Наиболее высоким сбором белка с 1 га выделились образцы MDК 1807 (685,3 кг/га) и SDK 2021 (685,0 кг/га), превысившие контрольный сорт Меляг (680,1 кг/га) на 5,2 и 4,9 кг/га. Содержание клейковины в белке составило 13,7 -22,3%. Высоким содержанием клейковины выделился образец BRU 1975 (22,3%). По накоплению белка стрессоустойчивость генотипов варьировала от -2,7 до -5,3, максимальной будучи у сорта Меляг -2,7. Самая низкая стрессоустойчивость отмечается у образцов SDK 2021 и MDК 1807 по -5,3. Показатель генетической гибкости варьирует между 9,6 и 12,0, а коэффициент адаптивности от 0,89 до 1,11
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ
Full text linkIn field experiments, the effect of different doses of fertilisers (ammophoska and ammonium nitrate) depending on the irrigation regime was studied on the development and yield of sunflower in a nine-field crop rotation system, on ordinary medium-deep clay loam chernozem. In general, on the plots without fertilisers and at all fertilizer doses, the nitrate content in the soil arable layer tends to rise. With increasing doses of fertilisers, the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil increased as well: from 44 to 72 mg/kg of soil (no irrigation) and from 39 to 63 mg/kg (irrigation). The trend of exchangeable potassium content is also positive, increasing from 296 to 406 mg/kg of soil (no irrigation) and from 302 to 369 mg/kg (irrigation). The fertilizers had a positive effect on sunflower plant development, but it was less significant than from irrigation. On fertilised plots the plant development indicators (leaf width, capitulum diameter, leaf length, plant height) were, on average, 7-29% higher than on unfertilised variants. The maximum yield level (5,6 t/ha) was obtained under the irrigation regime with a pre-irrigation soil moisture level of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity, on N120P90K90+N45 background
ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ОСНОВНЫХ CЕЛЕКЦИОННОЦЕННЫХ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ У ГИБРИДОВ F1 ТОМАТА
Full text linkThe article presents the results of a comprehensive study of heterotic F1 tomato hybrids (10 combinations) obtained from crossing specially created breeding lines with different combinations of mutant marker genes. Differences between F1 hybrids in the degree of variability of the main economically valuable quantitative traits depending on the genotypic features of parental forms and growing conditions of plants were shown. Early maturing, highly productive F1 hybrids (4 combinations) with optimal ratio of the elements of plant morphological structures and with high total and marketable yield, simultaneously combining resistance to high- and low temperature stress factors and stable manifestation of all studied traits were selected. The ambiguous influence of mutant marker genes on the manifestation and degree of variability of traits is shown: a) positive, on the change of plant structural elements (length of internodes, limited formation of lateral shoots and dense placement of inflorescences); b) negative, on the nature of manifestation of reproductive system traits (pollen quality and its functionality, fruit traits)
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ROMANIAN VOICE COMMANDS FOR THE CONTROL OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS
Full text linkThis paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of voice commands for controlling mechatronic systems in exceptional situations. It highlights the role and benefits of mechatronic devices in modern society, emphasizing their use across various fields, from industrial process automation and infrastructure to consumer electronics and energy. Significant benefits of these devices, such as comfort, efficiency, and technological innovation, are outlined, along with the risks associated with their use, including short circuits and electro-mechanical failures. The research is directed towards integrating voice emotion recognition technologies into the control systems of household appliances to handle exceptional situations. Emotion recognition from speech, based on artificial intelligence and voice signal processing, is described as an interdisciplinary approach that combines audio processing, voice feature extraction, and machine learning. The objectives include developing effective techniques and methods to classify emotions and ensure the safe operation of devices. Research results show the potential of these techniques and technologies to transform interactions with mechatronic systems, offering innovative solutions for enhancing performance and reducing the risks associated with complex activities. The study opens new directions for integrating artificial intelligence into production processes and creating safer, more intuitive working environments
SELECTION OF DESIGN VALUES FOR PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN THE CONSTRUCTIONS ON COLLAPSIBLE SOILS
Full text linkThe article substantiated the necessity of detailed geological-engineering surveys during the design and construction on collapsible soils. A landslide incident on the Cahul-Giurgiulești railway line at 74th km was highlighted. Among the main causes there were the soaking of collapsible soils and the development of suffusion processes. A brief historical overview of the study of collapsible soils in Republic of Moldova was provided. The results of theoretical and laboratory studies aimed at further revealing the nature of collapsible soils were presented. The impact of additional soil moisture on the values of physical-mechanical property characteristics was studied. Based on the moisture-density theory, the dependencies of strength on consistency were constructed. It was established that the decrease in the strength of collapsible loams over time might have been caused by the disruption of rigid cementation bonds of structural cohesion (Cc) and the reduction of hydrocolloid cohesion (Σw) under conditions of changes in the existing natural moisture regime (consistency) due to additional moisture from engineering activities and the rise of the groundwater level. Recommended design values for physical-mechanical characteristic parameters for construction projects were provided
EFFICIENT STORAGE AND COMPRESSION OF COVERING ARRAYS USING ADVANCED ENCODING TECHNIQUES
Full text linkThis paper introduced a novel storage format for covering arrays, designed to optimize file size through efficient compression techniques. The proposed format employed Asymmetric Numeral System (ANS) encoding for array data, as well as Run-Length Encoding (RLE) and Variable Length Encoding (VLE) for metadata storage. The goal was to provide a compact, standardized format that facilitates easier sharing and utilization of covering arrays across different applications. Experimental evaluations on a dataset of 21964 covering arrays from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) demonstrated that the new format outperforms general-purpose compression algorithms such as ZIP, BZIP2, and XZ in most cases, particularly for larger covering arrays with high parameter counts. While previous work on covering array storage focused on archival and retrieval efficiency, the proposed method significantly reduces storage requirements without loss of structural integrity. The proposed method preserved the combinatorial properties of covering arrays while reducing redundancy, making it a practical alternative for large-scale combinatorial testing applications
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN SEVERAL AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Full text linkModern requirements for product quality provide for expanding the competence in sectors of producing and managing agricultural products by investigating the cause-effect relationships in the transmission of diseases between species through host-pathogen interactions. Monitoring and accurate identification of pathogens in agriculture products are essential for successful implementation of an integrated pest management program. Among the pathogens that have a serious impact on agricultural production, micromycetes outnumber all other species. Diagnostics of fungal pathogens using traditional methods can be difficult due to the similarity of their morphological traits, the lack of the ability to study non-culturable genotypes. In this regard, molecular detection methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in the study, which allow specific detection of any microorganisms. Analysis of the species composition of pathogenic fungi of Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus genera in the genotypes of some vegetable crops of local selection was conducted based PCR-assay. The efficiency of molecular technique for the speciesspecific detection of pathogenic fungi that can affect agricultural crops was demonstrated. Molecular diagnostic assessment of the phytosanitary status of seeds of different storage periods was done. Development of some fungal infection during plant ontogenesis using nested-PCR assay was monitored
TUNING THE CONTROLLER FOR OBJECT MODELS WITH ONE TO FOUR POLES USING THE POLINOMIAL METHOD
Full text linkThe paper describes the procedure for tuning the controller for control object models with one to four poles using the polynomial method, by imposing the damping ratio and the settling time of the synthesized system. The numerator and denominator polynomials of the object's transfer function are decomposed into components containing zeros in the left and right halves of the complex plane. Based on the order of the object model and the conditions for solving the system of algebraic equations, the physical feasibility of the control algorithm, and the robustness of the system, the desired polynomial of the synthesized system is constructed. This polynomial consists of two sub-polynomials with unknown coefficients, and the degrees and unknown polynomials as well as the degree of the desired polynomial are calculated. From the damping ratio and settling time, the dominant poles of the synthesized system are determined. Based on these poles, the characteristic polynomial of the closed-loop system is constructed, and, if necessary, additional real poles are added as far away as possible from the dominant poles to meet the system's performance requirements. From the resulting equality, by equating the coefficients of the same powers of the variable s on the left and right sides of the equality, a system of algebraic equations is obtained, from which the unknown coefficients and polynomials are determined. Using the stable components of the object model and the unknown polynomials, the transfer function of the control algorithm is constructed. Examples of controller tuning for first-fourth order object models using the polynomial method have been analyzed. The synthesized systems have high performance and good robustness
THE DIGITAL TOOL FOR MANAGING THE DOCUMENT SUBMISSION AND RECEIVING PROCESS OF THE STATE TAX SERVICE
Full text linkDigitization has become essential in modern society, transforming the way we live, work, and interact. The state institutions, including those in the Republic of Moldova, are no exception to this process, being faced with the need to adapt and transform to meet new technological requirements and rigors. The Republic of Moldova has developed digitization plans to support this modernization process, ensuring an efficient and effective transition to a digital environment. a few different dispersed modules, which leads to compatibility problems between them; and (3) the technology used previously being outdated and inefficient, as a result, causing a response time that is far too long, followed by the impossibility of managing the requests of the platform users. The present research describes some aspects of the development of a digital tool for solving the aforementioned problem within STS. The present study lies within the field of information and communications technology, with a particular focus on developing software solutions to support public service operations in various state institutions