World Journal of Experimental Biosciences
Not a member yet
135 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of combination of D-glycin and antibiotics on biofilm formation by clinical, food and environmental isolates of Escherichia coli
Get PDFThe ability of many bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilm makes the treatment of infections so difficult and has major consequences in a variety of industries such as food industry. Biofilm generates a persistent cause of contamination, thus, in the present study; inhibition of biofilm formation efficacy of the combination of D-glycin with antibiotics was compared with the antibiotic alone against Escherichia coli biofilm formation. It was found that the synergetic action of antibiotics with D-glycin was effective on inhibition of biofilm formation. The isolates ability to form biofilm was assayed using the tissue culture plate and Congo-red agar methods and findings of this study were source related; since food origin isolates were more biofilm producers when the Congo-red agar was used as compared with tissue culture plate method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of D-glycin, imipenem and ceftriaxone were determined. The combinations of D-glycin with antibiotics inhibited bacterial biofilm formation more than the antibiotics imipenem and ceftriaxone separately. Susceptibility test to eight antibiotics: Imipenem, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, clarithromycin, gentamycin and tetracycline; was performed on planktonic cells, and the cells exhibited different sensitivity patterns to them depending on their source
Effect of lead on biofilm formation by environmental isolates of Bacillus spp.
Get PDFBiofilm formation is one of the biggest challenges of scientists. Role of heavy metals in forming biofilm is not clear enough. Here, the effect of lead on biofilm formation by Bacillus spp. isolated from soil in terms of biofilm formation and remove was studied. In present study, 10 isolates of Bacillus spp were isolated from soil. The ability of all isolates to form biofilm was evaluated. The effect of lead on biofilm formation was studied by adding lead (pb) before forming biofilm. In another experiment the lead was added after biofilm formation to study the effect of lead on biofilm remove. The current study, showed the ability of all studied isolates to form biofilm. Maximum biofilm formation by Bacillus spp isolate number 8 (B8) followed by B1 and B3. The lowest biofilm formation was found in case of isolate 4 (B4). The lead (50 ppm) reduced biofilm formation by B8, B1 and B3 isolates when the lead was used before biofilm formation (P <0.05). In another experiment the lead (50 ppm) was added after biofilm formation, it was observed that the biofilm formation was higher when the lead was added (after biofilm formation) as compared with control (serial distilled water) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the lead effect negatively on biofilm formation and positively on stability of biofilm.
 
Differences between wild type and mutant isolate of Serratia by the amount of prodigiosin extracted and antibacterial activity against different types of bacteria
Get PDFThe mutation was applied on Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) to make it produce prodigiosin with a higher amount. One isolate of S. marcescens (Wild) was exposed to different kinds of antibiotics (Gentamycin 10 μg/ml) to produce mutant isolates from S. marcescen and examined to produce prodigiosin. The isolate that produced the largest amount of prodigiosin among four isolates was used for further studies. The antibacterial activity of prodigiosin produced from bacterial strains was examined against different species of bacteria, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas.
 
Evaluation of Immunity enhancing activity of Cladophora glomerata crude extracts and phytol in male albino mice
Get PDFCladophora glomerata is the most widely distributed macroalga throughout the world’s freshwater ecosystems. The immunological effects of C. glomerata in the present study were evaluated. The algal samples were collected from the fresh water in the canal around University of Baghdad. The GC- Mass analysis of crude algal extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) was carried out and the active chemical compounds in algal extracts were described. Phytol represented the highest one between the other compounds in alcoholic extract. Our study provides for the first time immunological effects of C. glomerata and phytol on interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) and interferon-gamma levels. The production of IL-2 was increased as dose - dependent manner in all treated groups of mice. The production of IL-4 was also increased as dose-dependent manner in both alcoholic extract and phytol. The current study revealed that the aqueous extract increased IFN-γ as dose dependent manner, while the higher dose of alcoholic extract and phytol decreased IFN-γ. In addition, the lower dose of alcoholic extract increased IFN-γ. The data of this study suggested that the both crude extracts of C. glomerata and phytol can be used as immune-stimulator.
 
The effect of Nd: YAG lasers on Leishmania donovani promastigotes
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to assess the effect of Nd:YAG laser on Leishmania donovani promastigotes. L. donovani promastigotes exposed to Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1060 A°) in 500, 1000 and 1500 pulse between each pulse and another 6 seconds in comparison to the control (L. donovani promastigotes without exposure to Nd:YAG laser. The effect of Nd:YAG laser on the viability of L. donovani promastigotes was measured using the colorimetric MTT assay and the percentage of viability was counted. L. donovani viable cells were decreased with long exposure to Nd-YAG laser. Nd:YAG laser was effective in killing most of L. donovani promastigotes, and the remaining were devoid of flagellum that may lost their ability to cause infection.
 
Insecticidal effect of crude plant extract of Adhatoda vasica against Brevicoryne brassicae
Get PDFThe present study evaluates the insecticidal activity of (acetone, methanol and water) crude leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica against Brevicoryne brassicae. The alcoholic extracts (5 %) that extracted by acetone and methanol showed 100 and 81.6% mortality of adult B. brassicae, respectively and 100 and 90% mortality of nymphs B. brassicae, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that the presence of flavones, volatiles oils, tannins, saponines, glycosides, alkaloids, resins and terpenoids in methanol (80%) crude extract. It can be concluded that the acetone and methanol crude leaf extract of A. vasica nees can produce a high mortality percentage in (nymphs and adults) of B. brassicae, so it can be used as insecticides.
 
The relation between renal failure and kidney function parameters, packed cell volume and blood pressure
Get PDFThis study was conducted to find out the relationship between renal failure and kidney function parameters like blood urea, blood sugar, blood pressure, serum phosphate, and packed cell volume (PCV) %. Eight three subjects aged from 22 to 75 years old (53 males and 30 females), this study extended from December 2015 till April 2016. Sixty-three patients were suffering from renal failure while other twenty were non infected and considered as control group. Blood urea, blood sugar, blood pressure, serum phospharous level were assayed using biochemical function tests, PCV% level was assayed using hematological test. It was found significant increase in blood urea, serum phospharous (P < 0.05) in the patients compared with control group, and significant decrease in PCV% (P < 0.05) in infected subjects as compared with non-infected group. In contrast, it was observed no significant difference between infected and non-infected individuals in terms of level of blood sugar (P > 0.74).
 
Frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals: A study from Baghdad, Iraq
Get PDFMonitoring cytogenetic damage is frequently used to assess population exposure to environmental mutagens. The cytokinesis block micronucleus assay is one of the most widely used methods employed in these studies because it offers simultaneous information on DNA damage and cytotoxic/cytostatic effects caused by possible genotoxic agents. The present study was designed to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals residing in two different districts in Baghdad assuming that both of them are exposed to high level of pollutant this is done by detecting micronuclei in binucleated lymphocyte and nuclear division index The study population consisted of 163 apparently healthy. One hundred–three individuals, including (41 males and 62 females) from district 1 (Jeser Diyala ) and 60 individuals from district 2 (Alhurriya) including 35 males and 25 females. The age of study participants ranged from 15 to 46 years at the time of inclusion. The main count of binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei (BNMN) in the total sample was 24.43±19.66. The mean count of BNMN in district 1 was 31.63±20.76 and in district 2 was 12.32±8.91. The difference between two districts was significant (P< 0.0001). The mean value of the nuclear division index (NDI) in total samples was 1.11±0.12. In district 1 was 1.14±0.14, which was significantly higher than NDI in district 2 individuals (1.07±0.06), (P< 0.001). The present study concluded that Individuals participating in the present study have been exposed to an action of one or more micronuclei-inducing agents that elicit high BNMN mean count especially in district 1 While the reduction of nuclear division index in the studied sample particularly in district 2 could be due to exposed to an agent that has cytotoxic properties affecting the cell proliferation kinetics and considered as an early marker of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This work reveals many background data that may be of value in future genotoxicological monitoring studies in Iraq.
 
Assessment of some heavy metals pollution in water and plants in agricultural land on the banks of the Euphrates River in Nasiriya city, Iraq
Get PDFThe human health is affected by plants that grown in contaminated areas. Therefore, this research was done to estimate the heavy metals pollution in a part of the Euphrates River water, soil and plants for land on both sides of the river were collected. The area (Alasforeh) was located between the highway bridges. People in (Alasforeh) used the river water for irrigation. Ten samples of river water, 10 samples of soil and 10 other samples of dry-weight of plants such as Aplum graveolens, Hordeum vulgare, Medicago sativa and Raphanus sativus were used. The concentrations of some heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of Pb in irrigation water was 7.38 mg/L, which was higher than an acceptable level that mentioned in WHO reports. The Ni concentration of soil was high, it was 73, 60 and 53.2 mg/kg in A. graveolens, H. vulgare, and M. sativa, respectively. Concentration of heavy metals in the lower layers of the soil was more than surface layer. Concentrations of Cd were high in the M. sativa and A. graveolens plants, 0.608 and 0.325 mg/kg, respectively. Consequently the increasing of consumption for these contaminated plants by community could cause health problems in the future.
 
Bioremoval of copper and zinc by filamentous alga Oscillatoria limnetica
Get PDFIn this study, the ability of Oscillatoria limnetica was evaluated in the adsorption of copper and zinc within the optimum growth conditions of these algae species. The algae was exposed to different concentrations of copper and zinc, to test ability of algae in removal of both elements. The results showed the significant ability of O. limnetica to remove the copper ion from the aqueous solution. The removal percentage was 85.71, 65.71, 69.1, 84.78, and 88.35 for the concentrations 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 ppm, respectively. There was a complete removal of the copper on the day 11 of the experiment. The removal percentage of zinc was 97.23, 97.73, 98.28, 98.73 and 98.3 for the concentrations 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 ppm, respectively. The results suggest that the possibility of using O. limnetica in removal of heavy metals from wastewater.