World Journal of Experimental Biosciences
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Coating Indwelling Urinary Catheter with Antibiotics Reduces Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Get PDFCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a common and significant healthcare-associated infection and represent the serious complicating bacterial infectious diseases. In the present review, the role of coating indwelling catheters with antibiotics in reducing the complicating bacterial infection, especially in critical urinary tract infections. There different urinary catheters are used to help patients that suffering from defects in the urination process. Different antibiotics were used in coating the indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) such as Gentamicin, Fluoroquinolones (Nitrofurazone, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin), and Triclosan. The effectiveness of coating IUC with antibiotics was dependent on the patient’s clinical cases, the type of IUC, and the kind of antibiotic that would be used in the coating procedure. There are many restrictions in using the antibiotic coating IUC such as the producing the resistance strains and producing the allergy in patients. That is why, it is suggested to use antibiotic coating IUC is limiting in the serious CAUTIs.
Microbial, Chemical, and Radial Pollution of Freshwater in Iraq
Get PDFWater pollution in Iraq is a complex and multifaceted problem that encompasses various types of pollution, including microbial pollution, chemical pollution, and radiation pollution. These forms of contamination pose significant threats to the environment, public health, and the overall well-being of the Iraqi population. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and mitigation efforts related to microbial, chemical, and radiation pollution of water in Iraq.
 
Hydrogen peroxide controls biofilm formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae e in vitro
Get PDFThe biofilm formation of bacteria in medical devices especially indwelling urinary catheters considers one of the hospital complications of infections. Here, the anti-biofilm effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) against biofilm produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae on urinary catheters was evaluated. In the present study, 2the five isolates of K. pneumoniae e e were isolated from urine samples of patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs). The biochemical and VITIK technology was used to identify the bacterial isolates. The ability of K. pneumoniae to adhere and form biofilm onto the indwelling urinary catheter was measured. Moreover, the negative effect of different concentrations of H2O2 (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.16%) on the biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae on the pieces of the indwelling urinary catheter was evaluated in test tubes (in vitro). The result showed that all isolates produced a high level of biofilm. Three isolates were considered moderated biofilm producers and 2 were considered strong biofilm producers. All the used concentrations of H2O2 were effect-negative (P<0.05) on K. pneumoniae (K.p.3). The present study confirmed the anti-biofilm effect of H2O2 on the biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae on the indwelling urinary catheter in vitro. 
The low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide reduce biofilm formation
Get PDFBiofilm formation is considered a serious problem that faces the physician in treating infectious diseases associated with medical devices. The present study aims to highlight the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on biofilm formation by bacteria and yeasts. The current study confirms the anti-biofilm effect of H2O2 on the biofilm formed by bacteria and yeast. The effects of H2O2 on biofilm formation were against the ability of a microorganism to attach to the surface by the effect on either the appendages or the mechanisms of attachment, also it was found that the effect on biofilm can be explained by the effect on the microorganism growth. The current study highlighted the future prospect of using H2O2 by increasing the effectiveness of common antibiotics against high-resistance bacteria by increasing the ways of entering antibiotics by forming pores in the biofilm mass and the microorganism cells.
 
Characterization and Cytotoxic of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Using the Ocimum basilicum
Get PDFThe preparation of nanomaterial using herbal plants is considered one of the most effective methods. The preparation of nanoscale silver nitrate based on plant herbs will open new horizons in the safe synthesis of nanomaterial. The current study highlighted the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Ocimum basilicum (aqueous extract). Here, AgNPs were green synthesized by the precipitation method based on the reduction of silver ions (AgNO3) by O. basilicum extract. The toxicity effects of green synthetic AgNPs were evaluated by using a micronucleus assay, the effect on mice’s liver and kidney, and lethal dose 50 (LD 50) post administrated to experimental mice with AgNPs orally. The green synthesized AgNPs were relatively uniform in size in the range of 25-70 nm. The results demonstrated that there is no significant effect of green synthetic AgNPs on the number of polychromatic erythrocytes of micronuclei cells. The 1 mg of green synthetic AgNPs killed 50 % of experimental mice (LD 50= 1 mg/100 mg of mice weight). The results showed that O. basilicum extract has a good ability to produce safe silver nanoparticles
Extraction and Purification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Wound Infection
Get PDFSamples were obtained from patients suffering from burns and wounds and then identified using the biochemical tests and the VITEK 2 fluorescent system. The tests confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the isolate was sensitive to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin while resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, tigecycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted by the hotEDTA method and partially purified by gel filtration chromatography using the Sephadex G-200.
 
Use Multiplex PCR Technique for Distribution the Accessory Gene Regulatory Polymorphisms among Baghdad Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates and its Correlation to Cassette Type
Get PDFAccessory gene regulator (agr) operon is the central transcriptional global regulatory system of Staphylococcus aureus; the agr locus is perceived as a part of the center genome of the S. aureus chromosome, responsible of controlling the virulence factors and cell-wall components. Considered the important quorums sensing system of S. aureus, agr activity is critical for skin and soft tissue infections; depending on its reported role in human and animal infections through the up, down-controlling S. aureus infection advancement since up-control of virulence factors via agr is vital for disease advancement in some cases of intense infection, such infective endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections for that there is global concern to develop drugs targeting this quorum sensing system. The objective of the study is typing the accessory genes regulator polymorphisms in Baghdad clinical isolates and their relation with the bacterial cassette types. Eighty seven isolates were collected from different sources and characterized by original biochemical tests and there susceptibility were tested toward several types of antimicrobial agents then they were applied to molecular diagnosis to confirm characterization of S. aureus isolates by nuc gene with agr types, SCCmec types also several virulence factors and mec gene. It was found all isolates were community-acquired harboring SCCmec type IV and one isolate had SCCmec type V also about 68.96% of the isolates were MRSA, most of isolates 75.86% were agr type I. Most MRSA isolates that isolated from Baghdad hospitals were CA-MRSA considering to they; Harboring SCCmec type IV and V., carried accessory gene regulator (agr) type I., Have pvl gene, showed low susceptibility toward Vancomycin antibacterial agent, Also the studied isolates shown high similarity depending on their cassette type and accessory gene regulator polymorphisms. The most common virulence factors in local clinical isolates of S. aureus were clfA gene (61.6%) followed by pvl gene (32.55%), hlg gene (31.39%), icaA gene (27.58%), tsst-1 gene (24.41%) and eta gene (17.44%)
Effect of Soil Extracts on Ability of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to Produce Biofilm in vitro
Get PDFIn present study the effect of soil extracts of different types of soil on ability of two clinical isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilm. The extract of soil was done by using sterile phosphate buffer saline and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR). Spectrophotometric method was used to check ability of the studied isolated bacteria to form biofilm on polystyrene microtiter plates. The data of FTIR showed very little difference was observed among extracts of three types of soil (soil contaminated with hydrocarbons; garden soil collected from gardens of al-jadrea, Baghdad and containers soil), but the highest difference was observed in the extract obtained from peat moss clay soil. The results of current study showed that the extracts of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and garden soil increased the biofilm that form by P. aeruginosa (P<0.05). While, the highest level of biofilm formation by S. aureus was observed after adding the extract of container soil (P <0.05). It can be concluded from present study that the soil extracts can enhance bacteria to form biofilm in vitro but that was dependent on the kind of soil.
 
Study of Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1C) Levels in Iraqi Pregnant Women with Non-Diabetic Iron Deficiency Anemia
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to determine whether the Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were increasedin some non-diabetic pathological states especially Iron deficiency anemia. This study conducted on 52 non diabeticpregnant women sorrow from iron deficiency anemia and 30 non diabetic healthy pregnant women were enrolled to serveas a control group. The patient’s data released from National Hematology Center, Baghdad, Iraq for about five monthsand the required tests were examined under medical expert in this field in order to ensure the accuracy for thedemanding tests. The ages of patients were ranged from 20 to 45 years old. Our results showed a significant difference(P < 0.005) in case of Hba1C levels between iron deficiency anemia group and control group. Same results was found inall blood and biochemical tests which included in this study (serum ferritin, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity,Hemoglobin level and Red blood cell count)
Evaluation of Helianthus annuus L. tolerance for Zinc in vitro post combination with Naphthalene acetic acid and Benzyl adenine
Get PDFThe tolerance of zinc (Zn) in tissue culture and whole plant Helianthus annuus was studied. Callus was induced and maintained on Murashage and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.2 mg/L Kinetin (KIN), 0.4 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/ L 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) used hypocotyl as the source explant for callus induction. Different concentrations of Zn were added directly to the culture medium as contaminant. Selected tolerant cell lines were subjected to regeneration. Concentration of Zn in callus tissues was 29 ppm when 3.0 mg/L of Zn used. The study focused on effect of the cytokinin Benzyl adenine (BA) and the auxin, NAA on number of regenerated shoots percentage from tolerant callus to Zn. Results exhibited that 82% of callus-tolerant Zn, occurred when the medium was supplemented with combination of 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Effect of NAA on rooting of shoots showed that 2.0 mg/L of NAA gave a rooting percentage mounted to 75%. The study also included measurement of plant height and fresh weight. Maximum Zn accumulation reached to 17.5 ppm in the shoots