World Journal of Experimental Biosciences
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Prevalence of blaACC and blaMOX genes in Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from Al-Rumetha hospital in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq
Get PDFAmpicillin hydrolyzing class C β-lactamase (AmpC) that confer resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and never inhibited by β- lactamase inhibitors. Results of this study confirmed that 37 (41.1%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia from 90 isolates tested for cefoxitin susceptibility by disk diffusion method. AmpC β-lactamase producers were obtained from clinical isolates; 13 (35.1%) from urine, 10 (27%) from blood, 10 (27%) from wound, and 4 (10.8%) from vagina. AmpC β-lactamase producer isolates were confirmed in for cefoxitin resistance 37 K. pneumoniae isolates by modified three dimensional test and AmpC disk test. From 90 isolates, plasmid encoded AmpC genes were detected by multiplex PCR in 30 (33.3%) of the K. pneumoniae isolates. Of these, plasmid-encoded AmpC genes belonging to the MOX family were detected in 14/30 (46.7 %) isolates. Gene of the family ACC type was present in 2/30 (6.7%) isolates. While, the other isolates 14/30 (46.7%): 7(23.3%), 4(13.3%), 2(6.7%) and 1(3.3%), isolates contained another families like DHA, FOX, CIT and EBC, respectively.
 
Biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility for clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa is an emerging opportunistic clinical pathogen. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resist wide spectrum of antibiotics and form biofilm. The comparison study between clinical and environmental of P. aeruginosa in terms of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance is very scanty. Thus, in current study microtiter plate technique was used to measure the biofilm formation by several clinical and environmental isolates. Moreover, the antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria was evaluated by VITIK 2 techniques. The relationship between the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation was evaluated for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa produced a good amount of biofilm but the clinical isolates produced higher amount of biofilm as compared to environmental isolates. Resistance to antibiotics by clinical isolates was higher than resistance to antibiotics by environmental isolates and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of most antibiotics to clinical isolates was higher than MIC against environmental isolates. Little relationship was observed between the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in case of clinical isolates, while no relationship was seen between the antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. It can be concluded that the clinical isolates produced biofilm higher than environmental isolates. The relationship was seen only between the biofilm produced by clinical isolates and antibiotic susceptibility.
 
The genotypic identification of colicins produced by clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Iraq
Get PDFEscherichia coli is natural and essential part of the bacterial flora in the gut of humans and animals. E. coli produces colicin, proteinaceous toxin that could inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. The production incidence of four colicin types in E. coli were tested in 31 bacterial isolates isolated from different sources (urine, stool, blood, ear swab and sewage water) by using polymerase chain reaction of specific primer for each colicin type. Production of colicin E1 was detected in four bacterial isolates (13.33%), three of them isolated from urine samples, while the last isolated from sewage water. Colicin M was detected in 15 colicinogenic isolates (50%), 12 isolates isolated from urine, 2 from sewage, while last one from stool. However, colicin E3 and E9 were not detected in all colicinogenic isolates. E. coli isolated from human urinary tract infections showed high incidence of colicin M and E1 production, respectively
 
Three dimensional structure of AFLR2 produced from Aspergillus parasiticus
Get PDFPresent study focused on the structure of Aflatoxin B1 Regulatory Gene that was isolated from environmental Aspergillus parasiticus isolate. After purification of the studied Aflatoxins are polyketide derived secondary metabolites produced by A. parasiticus spp. The toxic effects of aflatoxins are adverse consequences on human health and agricultural economics. The aflR2 gene is regulatory gene for aflatoxin biosynthesis encodes a protein containing a zinc-finger DNA-binding motif. AFLR-Protein three-dimensional model was generated using Robetta server. The modeled AFLR-Protein was further optimization and validation using Rampage. In the simulations, we monitored the backbone atoms and the C-α-helix of the modeled protein.
 
Moderate effect of phenolic and alkaloid compounds extracted from Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaf on blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is common metabolic disease and present all over the world with high ration. Herbal drugs against this disease are highly interesting and effective in recent years. In current study, we try to evaluate the effect of phenolic and alkaloid compounds on blood glucose level in experimental animals. Here, the water extracted of Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaf was ran in GC-Mass to identify the chemical compounds of water extract. The results of GC-Mass identified 18 compounds, from these compound one phenolic compound (Hydroquinone, acetate) and one alkaloid compound [Pyrrolidine, 1-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-] were found. In present study, alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits were prepared by injecting rabbit with three doses of alloxan. The alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits were administrated orally with either 0.3 gm/kg phenolic compound or 0.3 gm/kg alkaloid compound. The best results of blood glucose reduction were found when the diabetic rabbits administrated with phenolic compound. The significant reduction of glucose was observed post 4 h. While, the significant reduction of glucose was observed post 24 h in diabetic rabbits that administrated with alkaloid compound. It can be concluded from present study, the phenolic compound that extracted from Brassica oleracea var. capitata leaf was highly effective to reduce glucose as compared with alkaloids.
 
Antimicrobial effect of Phospholipid produced from Bacillus subtilis
Get PDFBacillus subtilis produces several antimicrobial compounds with different structures. These antimicrobial compounds showed antimicrobial effect against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of phospholipid produces from Alkaliphilic B. subtilis isolated from different samples of food against different species of bacteria (Gram positive, Gram negative and actinomycetes) and fungi, and study the effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of phospholipid. The results showed that the phospholipid produced from B. subtilis inhibited the growth of Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis), Actinomyces sp. and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans) with different inhibition zones. It was observed that the antimicrobial activity of phospholipid was decreased at high temperature (50 0C) and pH (10). It can be concluded that the phospholipids produced from B. subtilis has anti-microbial activity and that affected by incubation condition (temperature and pH).
Role of water taken from different environments on the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces
Get PDFPseudomonas aeruginosa readily binds to different kind of abiotic surfaces and form biofilm. The ability of the bacterial species to form biofilm onto polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is associated with several economic, health and environmental problems. The effect of kind of water on ability of this bacterium to form biofilm is scanty in literature. In present study, the ability of different environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm onto polystyrene microtiter plate was evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of waters that collected from different sources on biofilm formation of this bacterium onto PVC was studied. Spectrophotometric method was used to check the ability of bacteria to form biofilm and evaluated the role of waters onto ability of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm. The current study showed that all environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa had a good ability to form biofilm onto polystyrene microtiter plate. PAE1 showed the maximum ability of biofilm formation onto polystyrene microtiter plate. The water that collected from different places such as well water, river water, sewage water, distilled water, tap water and lake water showed negative effect (P<0.05) on the ability of PAE1 to form biofilm onto polystyrene microtiter plate and PVC as compared to normal saline. From present study, it can be concluded that all isolates of P. aeruginosa that isolated from soil had a good ability to biofilm formation. The waters that collected from different environmental areas affected negatively on ability of P. aeruginosa to form biofilm onto polystyrene and PVC.
 
Detection of hydrolytic enzymes produced by Azospirillum brasiliense isolated from root soil
Get PDFMany samples of plant roots soil were collected from Iraq soils, fifty two isolates were obtained from these samples. The ability of Azospirillum brasiliense to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, chitinase, lipase, pectinase and phosphatase was screened. Most isolates produced these hysrolytic enzymes. A. brasiliense (Aw-1) showed the maximum ability to produce these enzymes hydrolyses ratio (5.2 mm) for chitinase, (4.2 mm) for pectinase and complete hydrolyses of protease, pectinase and phosphatase. This isolate was isolated from soil collected from wheat roots.
 
Role of chitinase produced from Azospirillum brasiliense in degradation free and snail chitin in soil
Get PDFAzospirillum brasiliense Aw-1 isolated from soil of plant roots was used for production of chitinase and degradation of soil and snail chitin. Soil contained chitin was treated with the bacterial cells and cell free extract (crude chitinase). The level of reducing sugars (as an indicator for chitin degradation) was measured. Significant increase in the reducing sugars was observed after treatment with chitinase (631.6 μg/ml) and bacterial cells (846.6 μg/ml) as compared with the control (305 μg/ml). Azospirillum brasiliense Aw-1 chitinase was used for treatment snail (chitin containing organism). This treatment caused many changes in snail shell and death the animal. These results showed that the possibility of using the chitinase to overcome the ability of chitin containing organisms to cause the infection.
 
Effect of cultural conditions on lipase production Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Iraqi soil
Get PDFSeventy Pseudomonas isolates were obtained from different Iraqi soils samples. Thirty five of these isolates have the ability to produce lipase. These isolates were screened on Rhan medium. The highest lipase activity was found with P. aeruginosa. ps12. The effect of media composition, pH and temperature on production of lipase were determined. Maximum lipase production appeared in the medium containing (0.5%) glucose as carbon source, (0.5%) urea as nitrogen source and 1% of olive oil with pH 8 and incubated at 30 OC for 48 h with 1 ml (O.D 600= 0.8) of 24 h of bacterial culture.