Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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Employee Engagement Unveiled: Insights from a Qualitative Study
No full textEmployee engagement has emerged as a vital metric that not only enhances productivity but also boosts profitability and increases overall employee satisfaction. Cultivating an engaged culture is crucial for long-term business success.
This qualitative study aims to investigate the myriad factors that can either facilitate or obstruct the employee engagement process by examining these factors from the employees\u27 perspectives. By gaining insights into employees\u27 viewpoints, organizations can better understand their interests and implement tailored initiatives that resonate with them, eventually leading to a more engaged employee base. Recognizing these foster and obstructive factors is critical for optimizing the engagement process and managing challenges effectively.
The study utilized an open-ended questionnaire methodology to gather data from 399 participants employed in large retails specializing in home appliances and electronics in Jordan. Initially, 420 employees were contacted, but 399 valid questionnaires were analyzed after excluding incomplete responses. Two principal questions were designed to elicit direct insights from participants: one regarding the factors that promote employee engagement and the other addressing potential impediments to engagement. Participants further elaborated on their perceptions regarding the advantages of being engaged in their organizations.
The findings indicate that employee engagement is inherently subjective, contingent upon individual perceptions and experiences. Consequently, it is imperative to involve employees in any engagement strategy to foster a more inclusive and effective process. By considering their viewpoints, organizations can develop a positive work environment that serves as a motivational catalyst, thereby contributing to the establishment of fully engaged employees
Determinants of Banks and Financial System Efficiency in Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA)
No full textThis study adopts the relatively novel stochastic frontier analysis approach in examining cost efficiency and its determinants in the Nigerian banking sector, focusing on the dual effects of bank specific factors and macroeconomic variables. Data were sourced from the annual reports of sixteen Nigerian commercial banks over a 13-year period, spanning from 2006 to 2018. The results show that Nigeria banks are generally cost-efficient with asset quality and regulatory quality enhancing the efficiency, while inflation and financial capital undermines it. The efficiency score measures how efficient banks are in the combination of labour, capital, and financial capital to produce an optimal combination of deposits collection and loans creation. The banks are estimated to be efficient at 82 percent given their strategy of transforming deposits into short- and long-term loans, with macroeconomic stability contributing significantly to banks and financial system efficiency
The Impact on Financial Performance of Unit Trust Funds in Kenya by Investment Diversification
No full textThe main objective of investors was to increase their wealth when taking part in investment. This can be achieved when there is upsurge in share prices. Kenya unit trust funds have been performing poorly compared to the other parts in the rest of the world. The lowly performance is deterrence to persons and commercial investors. Experiential literature from developing and develop markets suggests that fund features elucidate the unit trust funds performance. In Kenya there is limited empirical literature elucidating the connection between investment diversification and financial performance of unit trust funds. This research thus was to examine the relationship between investment diversification and financial performance of unit trust funds in Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: define the influence of equity fund, define the influence of bond fund, define the influence of money market fund, define the influence of balanced fund and define the influence of special fund on financial performance of unit trust funds in Kenya. The study also pursued to institute the moderating effect of inflation on the relationship between independent variables and dependence variable. The behind theories of the study were modern portfolio theory, diversification strategy model, and pecking order theory, financial theory of finance and efficient market theory. Positivism philosophy and explanatory non-experimental research design was adopted in the study. The population will comprised of 36 unit trusts funds in Kenya as at the end of the year 2023. The study used a census approach. Secondary data was collected from the Audited reports from 2013 to 2023 using a data collection schedule. Descriptive analysis which was done include the mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics which included panel regression was also performed. Diagnostic tests such as normality, heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, stationarity and model specification was conducted. The study found out that financial performance is positively affected by investment diversificatio
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Decision-Making
No full textAims: The aim of the paper was to examine the issues associated with AI in business decision-making, focusing on matters such as bias, competence, the absence of a comprehensible strategy as well as inadequate attention to strategic, legal and explainability factors.
Study Design: Qualitative research design.
Place and Duration of Study: MFIs in Zimbabwe, between November 2024 to January 2025.
Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to select four participants with specialized expertise in research area of this study. Each of the four interviewed participants had a diverse role in the field of artificial intelligence (1 partnership manager,1 concept manager for analytics and AI, 1 legal consultant and 1 software engineer).
Results: The study highlights how AI is revolutionizing strategic decision-making, especially in relation to automation, predictive analysis, and organizational efficiency. Participants brought up a number of important topics, such as explainability difficulties, gaps in AI knowledge and biases in decision-making. 100 percent of the respondents agreed that AI systems and technologies are more effective as assisting tools for those who make decisions than as completely independent solutions. The report offers solutions to these issues, including developing diverse teams to contribute a range of viewpoints, putting explainable AI systems in place to guarantee transparency, and raising AI literacy throughout enterprises to reduce competence gaps. These contributions are noteworthy because they address the operational and ethical issues that come up when using AI in decision-making while also providing useful advice for companies wishing to use it.
Conclusion: The findings offer valuable guidance for companies looking to adopt AI technologies into their decision-making frameworks, assisting them in overcoming existing obstacles in this area. However further research may be required on a larger scale to validate the findings
Factors Affecting Tax Compliance in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
No full textThis study examines the factors influencing tax compliance in Ethiopia. Most governments rely heavily on taxes as a crucial and significant means of generating public funds to support their economic development. However, the desired outcome has not been achieved as expected, mostly because taxpayers fail to contribute their equitable portion of taxes. In recent years, Ethiopia has had a positive trend in tax revenue. However, the ratio of tax revenue to GDP has remained low. Ethiopia’s tax revenue-to-GDP ratio has declined annually, from 7.5% in 2018 to 4.5% in 2022, remaining below Africa’s average. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, this study identifies key determinants of tax compliance based on selected articles from two databases. This study reveals a range of tax compliance influencing factors in Ethiopia encompassing institutional, socio-economic, psychological, and systemic dimensions. Tax knowledge, awareness, and education consistently emerge as critical determinants, shaping compliance behaviours across different regions and demographic groups. Moreover, perceptions of fairness, simplicity, and equity in the tax system, along with attitudes towards government spending and service delivery, play significant roles. Penalties, audits, detection probability, and government enforcement were significant compliance drivers, aligning with the economic deterrence theory. Meanwhile, trust in government, procedural justice, and a balance between coercive power and voluntary compliance were also critical, supporting the slippery slope perspective. We suggest the government of Ethiopia should adopt a balanced strategy that integrates tax education, institutional reforms, transparency, trust-building, and equitable policies that enhance tax compliance. Furthermore, the government and policymakers should work highly on technological advancements, such as developing information technology infrastructures throughout the country’s tax collection system and digitizing the tax system, which can increase tax compliance
Impact of Investor Sentiment on Stock Market Returns: Evidence from India
No full textAims: Behavioral finance assumes that investors choose investments as on their varied opinions and sentiments about the market. This study tries to determine the impact of investor sentiment on stock market returns by constructing an Investor sentiment index for the Indian market.
Methodology: The present study employs BSE Sensex- financial year returns of ten years, and the sample period ranges from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2024. The Principal Component Technique is applied to form an investor sentiment index using seven separate market proxies.
Results: The regression analysis\u27s beta value of 1.305 predicts that the investor sentiment index positively impacts BSE Sensex returns. The value of R-squared is 0.0137, which indicates that investor sentiment has little influence on Sensex BSE returns. Investors and other stakeholders can understand the role of investor sentiments in the stock market and make decisions accordingly. The study will also assist future scholars in exploring a similar domain of research.
Conclusion: Investor sentiments are crucial for the stock market. The present study tries to develop new insights into the current literature, specifically in the Indian context, by analysing the relationship between investor sentiment and BSE Sensex returns
Entrepreneurial Leadership, Training, Absorptive Capacity on Business Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovation Capability
No full textAims: This study aims to examine how entrepreneurial leadership, training, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability can affect business performance, as well as the influence of the mediating effect on innovation capability.
Study Design: Quantitative.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: This study used a sample of 200 respondents from the Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Cilacap, and Kebumen districts. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a multistage random sampling method.
Methodology: Statistical analysis used the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, which uses an inner model, an outer model, and hypothesis testing.
Results: This study\u27s results indicate that entrepreneurial leadership, training, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability have a significant impact on business performance. Likewise, the variable innovation capability as mediation of entrepreneurial leadership, training, and absorptive capacity significantly impacts business performance.
Conclusion: This research implies that an organization or MSME must pay attention to and optimize business potential by considering entrepreneurial leadership, training, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability to influence business performance improvements and creating a vision to identify and take advantage of new business opportunities by paying attention to innovation and preparing the workforce to deal with technological changes. This can drive economic growth by increasing business efficiency and market competitiveness
Urban Infrastructure Investments and Economic Growth: Examining the Impact of Transportation, Utilities, and Broadband Expansion in the United States
No full textThis study examines Urban Infrastructure Investments and Economic Growth, considering the role of transportation, utilities, and broadband expansion in urban economic performance in the United States from 1980 to 2022. The paper draws on historical data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Congressional Budget Office. The study employs correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to capture both linear associations and dynamic interdependencies among variables. The results indicate that transportation infrastructure investment, which averaged 2.3% of GDP annually during the study period, has the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.78) with urban economic growth. Broadband investment, although rising significantly only after 2000, demonstrates a growing impact with a correlation of r = 0.63. Energy infrastructure also shows a positive but more modest association (r = 0.58). The PCA reveals that transportation accounts for 42% of the total variance in infrastructure-related economic growth factors, followed by broadband (31%) and energy (27%). The VAR model confirms a significant lagged effect, with infrastructure investments exerting their most pronounced impact on GDP growth after 3 to 5 years. Unit root tests (ADF and PP) show all-time series variables are stationary at first difference. This supports the validity of the time series framework. These findings emphasize the important role of coordinated and sustained investment in transportation, digital infrastructure, and utilities to support inclusive and resilient urban economic development. Policy implications, therefore, include prioritizing multimodal transportation systems, expanding broadband access in underserved regions, and modernizing energy grids to meet future demand
Follow You Down: A Study of Work Discipline and Leadership Style on Employee Performance in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise
No full textThis research delves into the critical factors influencing employee performance within a specific context: PT. PLN (Persero) Sulselrabar Regional Office, is a state-owned electricity company located in Makassar, Indonesia. The study focuses on the Human Resources and General Affairs Division, examining the impact of work discipline and leadership style on the performance of its employees. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research gathers data through surveys administered to 71 employees within the targeted division. The core analytical technique used is multiple linear regression, a statistical method designed to assess the individual and combined effects of work discipline and leadership style on employee performance. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between both work discipline and leadership style with employee performance. Specifically, the results demonstrate that each variable independently contributes to enhanced performance and that their combined effect is also significant. This study provides valuable insights into human resource management practices within Indonesian state-owned enterprises, or SOEs. It offers a theoretical contribution by empirically validating the importance of work discipline and leadership style in driving employee performance. From a practical standpoint, the research provides actionable policy recommendations for PT. PLN (Persero) and similar organizations seeking to optimize their human resource strategies and improve overall employee effectiveness. The findings underscore the need for fostering a culture of discipline and adopting effective leadership approaches to maximize employee potential and organizational success
An Investigation in Use of IPSAS 1 Standard for Performance Evaluation in Government Universities: A Case Study of Kufa University, Iraq
No full textWhen preparing financial reports in government entities, they are always in the traditional format that lacks transparency without highlighting what international bodies are exposed to. Therefore, this paper sheds light on the IPSAS1 standard and how to benefit from it in preparing financial reports, ultimately contributing to enabling users to evaluate performance by applying financial indicators. The research aims to demonstrate the importance of implementing the IPSAS1 standard. The population was taken from the university of Kufa. The sample size was taken from 22 colleges in various and diverse disciplines of the university. The secondary data was taken to evaluate the performance.
In government entities, evaluating their performance contributes to making decisions characterized by effectiveness and efficiency. For this purpose, a case study approach was used at the University of Kufa as the research sample, limited to the period from 2020 to 2021. The results obtained indicate the possibility of applying the IPSAS standard (financial data presentation), providing more comprehensive, transparent, and credible information. It can be said that applying indicators gives an idea of the management\u27s ability to rationalize resource utilization towards not harming its cash resources and employing them optimally