Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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Assessment of Leadership from the Perspective of Accountability in the Nigerian Public Sector
No full textThis study focused on the assessment of leadership from the perspective of accountability in the Nigerian public sector. The study thus investigated the extent at which leaders in the Nigerian public sector are accountable for their actions and performances. The study used survey research design. The study adopted the test-retest process for reliability of instrument, and determined its validity through pilot test technique. Data and information were gathered through primary and secondary sources. Taro Yamane was used to determine the sample size of 377, and Bowler’s proportional allocation method for fair allocation of samples. The study adopted stratified sampling technique, and grouped respondents into strata on the basis of common characteristics. After grouping, the simple random sampling technique was applied to select the required sample size. This study analyzed the data collected with descriptive statistical tool and tested hypothesis with Likert statistical method. The study revealed that leaders in the Nigerian public sector are not often accountable for their actions and performances, and that employees are not often empowered towards accountability of leaders. The study concluded that accountability on the part of leadership is a far reaching concept, and it cannot be realistic when employees have low voice in the Nigerian public sector. The study therefore recommends that Leaders in the Nigerian public sectors should operate an action-questionable organizational culture; such that efficiency and growth can be realistic
Evaluation of Root and Tuber Crops Yield under the Changing Climatic Conditions in Kwara State, Nigeria
No full textSocieties which rely upon agriculture for their livelihood may face the perils of climate change, especially developing countries in the tropics and subtropics such as Nigeria in which some of the food crops are already close their peak temperature tolerance. This study was to evaluate root and tuber crops yield under the changing climatic conditions in Kwara State, located in the Guinea savannah Zone of Nigeria. Climate and crop yield data (cassava and yam) covering a period of twenty years (1995-2014) were collected from Nigerian Meteorology Agency (NIMET), Abuja and Kwara State Agricultural and Rural Development Office, Ilorin respectively. The data were analysed using trend analysis, Johansen’s multivariate co-integration test and error correction modelling. The results show an increased in annual rainfall of about 12.42 mm/year from 1995 to 2014 with minimum temperature increasing at a faster rate compared to maximum temperature. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test showed that climate variables were stationary at levels whiles cassava and yam yield were stationary at first differencing. The co-integration analysis and Error correction model estimates indicate that, there is at least one long-run relationship between yam yield, rainfall and temperature, whereas cassava yield, rainfall and temperature react to at least three long term equilibrium relationships. The study revealed that yam yield is affected positively by rainfall and temperature. Also, output of cassava is significantly affected by rainfall and with the expected positive sign. The study primary concludes that root and tuber crop production is climate dependent, and that the yield of yam and cassava are affected positively by rainfall and temperature
The Nexus between Downsizing and Financial Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Comparative and an Empirical Exploration
No full textDownsizing popularly is a situation in which a firm reduces its workforce tremendously as a measure to improve profit by cutting down operating and overhead costs. In this study, we explored the relationship between downsizing and financial performance of five selected commercial banks in Nigeria from 2010 to 2015. These banks over the years have rolled out computerized transaction channels leading to reduction in their workforce. The study applied the paired sampled T-Test to assess if there is any significant difference between financial performance expressed with return on assets and return on equity before and after downsizing. The panel data analysis was used to explored the relationship between the variables of interest. The result of our paired sample T-Test indicates that there is no significant difference between financial performance indices (return on assets and return on equity) before and after downsizing. The random effect estimation depicts that selected commercial banks failed to achieve their objectives of increasing overall assets level by way of downsizing its workforce. On the other hand, we found no evidence that downsizing is a good corporate strategy for improving the wealth of shareholders in Nigeria. Downsizing not effecting the return on assets and return on equity may be because of the global financial meltdown within the period covered by this study. In view of our finding and considering the level of economic growth and development in Nigeria, downsizing should be discouraged in view of its inability to spur expansion in assets base of banks and obvious economic and social problems. On downsizing insignificant positive relationship with return on equity, it should be noted that Nigeria do not have opportunities and enabling competing environment as their counterpart in developed economies
Public Expenditure and Economic Growth in South Africa: Long Run and Causality Approach
No full textThis study examined the long run and causal relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in South Africa from 1980 to 2014. The authors employed co integration test, vector error correction mechanism and Granger causality test in estimation of the variables specified in the regression model. The results from the estimations indicated a stable long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables, a negative insignificant relationship between total government expenditure and economic growth, a positive significant relationship between economic growth and total revenue, and significant positive relationship between inflation and economic growth. The pair wise Granger causality showed a one way causality running from national income (RGDP) to total government expenditure in confirmation of the application of Wagner’s theory in the economy. In view of the above results the study concludes that a stable long run relationship exists between public expenditure and economic growth in South Africa within the period of the study and that the growth in national income leads to increase in government expenditure as implied by Wagner’s hypothesis in South Africa. The study consequently recommends a conscious strategy by the South Africa fiscal authorities aimed at increasing the growth of the economy by increasing internally generated revenue
A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Governance Disclosure in Nigerian and South African Banks
No full textThis research examines corporate governance disclosure in Nigerian and South African Banks using the un-weighted disclosure index technique. This research provides a cross sectional examination of corporate governance disclosure practices in the annual reports of 10 listed banks in Nigeria and South Africa for the year 2013. The results suggest that Nigerian and South African banks have a high level corporate governance disclosure. However, Nigeria and South African banks have low levels of voluntary corporate governance disclosure. Furthermore, in reporting of voluntary corporate governance disclosure, Nigerian banks appear to be collating information with no link to the overall business strategy of the organization while the South African banks have a more robust approach to voluntary corporate governance disclosure as they apply international guidelines such as the global reporting initiative in reporting voluntary corporate governance disclosure
Key Aspects of the Bond Ratings in Indonesia
No full textVery few research projects based on bonds are conducted in Indonesia, compared to those based on stocks. In fact, investors who do not like taking risks tend to prefer investing in bonds. Several previous studies have reached differing conclusions about the effects of the variables observed, so the factors that affect bond ratings need to be examined once more. This study aims to determine the effects that firm size, liquidity, profitability, leverage, productivity, security and the age and reputation of the auditor, have on bond rating. 35 corporate bonds listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2012 were chosen as the sample, and analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis. As a result, this study found that the only variable significantly influencing bond ratings is their profitability. Investors, in order to avoid the risk of a company’s default, can thus measure profitability and take that into consideration
Price Setting Behavior in Vietnam: Evidence from a Survey
No full textThe paper aims to investigate the price setting behavior of Vietnamese firms, by analyzing the results of a price survey. We find that it is costly and difficult for firms to discover their competitors’ prices, because of differentiation. The majority of firms review and change their prices both at regular intervals and in response to specific events, mainly taking into account current market developments. We also reveal that the customer relations and the existence of contracts are the two most important reasons for price rigidity. Lastly, firms seem to respond asymmetrically to positive and negative shocks
A Transaction Cost Economics Analysis of Corruption: Survey Evidence from Public Healthcare Services in Vietnam
No full textThis study aims to investigate the internal stability of corrupt transaction. By employing survey data of 274 public healthcare service users, through the lens of transaction cost economics, we revealed that social capital can play role of safeguard for a corrupt transaction. Moreover, the paper provides evidence to support hypothesis that parochial corruption has greater stability in comparison with market corruption. Hence, corruption is regarded as identity-specific transaction, and anti-corruption policy should focus on creating high transaction cost environment for this phenomenon
The Contribution of the Nigerian Banks to the Promotion of Non-Oil Exports (1990-2013)
No full textThis study examines the contribution of the Nigerian banks to the promotion of non-oil exports. This study adopted econometric time series analysis to examine the contribution of Nigerian banks credit in relation to non-oil exports performance, assess the presence of causal relationship between Nigerian banks credit and non-oil exports performance as well as the direction of the causal relationship. The empirical analyses that were carried out to achieve the objectives include unit root, co-integration and granger causality test, in which changes in non-oil exports performance was regressed against commercial banks credit to non-oil exports, interest rate and inflation using annual series data for the period 1990-2013. The data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The result of the analysis showed that Nigerian banks have not adequately contributed toward the promotion of non-oil exports. The study also found that there is a long run relationship between Nigerian banks credit to non-oil exports and the performance of non-oil exports and no causality between Nigerian banks credit to non-oil exports and non-oil exports performance. Based on the findings, the Central Bank of Nigeria should reduce the current monetary policy rate of 14% to a range of 5%-8% so that when commercial banks add up processing, transaction and other administrative fees, credit would be extended to non-oil exporters at a rate lower than 15%. Furthermore, the Central Bank of Nigeria should as an operational guideline, impose commercial banks to set aside a certain amount of money from their yearly profit for financing of non-oil export as it is the case for small and medium scale enterprises equity scheme