Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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Official Development Assistance and Poverty Dynamics in Ecowas Countries: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
No full textThis paper examines the effect of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on poverty dynamic in ECOWAS countries from 2000 to 2024. Using an ex post facto research design and secondary panel data, the study applies the dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to address potential endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation. The results reveal that higher ODA inflows are significantly associated with increased poverty levels, suggesting that aid has not effectively translated into improved welfare within the region. Conversely, economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) exert significant poverty-reducing effects, while inflation remains insignificant. These findings imply that the success of ODA in alleviating poverty depends largely on governance quality, institutional capacity, and sectoral targeting. The study concludes that transparent and accountable allocation of aid to productive sectors such as education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure is essential for transforming ODA into a tool for sustainable poverty reduction in ECOWAS countries
Influences of Credit Risk Management on Financial Resilience of SMEs in Ghana
No full textThe study highlights that SMEs in Ghana are particularly vulnerable to financial and credit risks due to customer breaches and their own inability to comply with financial obligations. In particular, the risks of liquidity and market did not prevail among SMEs in Ghana. The positive correlation between maintaining enough emergency savings and having an individual designated for cash approval suggests that organizational practices can improve financial resilience. However, the negative correlation with the cash forecasts regularly indicates an area for improvement. Future research could explore effective risk management strategies to reinforce the financial stability of SMEs in the region. The study reveals that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) actively identify and evaluate potential risks as they integrate risk management into their daily operations. To improve your resilience, SMEs management is recommended to evaluate customer solvency before extending credit, develop financial strategies to comply with obligations, and implement health and safety measures. In addition, establishing a solvent reputation, investing in low-risk companies, and fostering a culture of risk awareness through effective communication are essential for effective risk mitigation.It suggested that SME owners and managers should implement robust credit scoring models that can reduce the likelihood of defaults and losses. SMEs should consider diversifying their loan portfolio across different sectors (people who take salaries from that repayment can be deducted from that source) and build strong links with borrowers through consistent communication in order to foster transparency and identification of the financial difficulties of borrowers
Impact of Mergers and Amalgamations on the Efficiency of Regional Rural Banks: A Case Study of Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank
No full textThis research examines how mergers and consolidations affect the efficiency and financial performance of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India, with a particular emphasis on the Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank (JRGB). RRBs were established in 1975 to fill the gap in formal financial services in rural regions, aiming to counteract the exploitative practices of moneylenders and promote financial inclusion. However, their initial fragmentation and operational inefficiencies raised concerns about their sustainability, leading the Government of India to initiate a phased amalgamation strategy starting in 2005. JRGB was created on April 1, 2019, through the merger of Jharkhand Gramin Bank and Vananchal Gramin Bank, functioning as a unified RRB across all 24 districts of Jharkhand. This study employs a descriptive and analytical methodology, utilizing secondary data from RBI, NABARD, and JRGB’s annual financial statements for the years 2014–15 to 2022–23. It analyzes key performance indicators such as the Credit-Deposit Ratio, Net Profit, Net Non-Performing Assets (NPA) ratio, Business per Employee, and Branch Network for both pre-merger (2014–15 to 2018–19) and post-merger (2019–20 to 2023–24) periods. The results indicate a significant positive impact of the merger on JRGB’s operational and financial performance. There were notable improvements in the Credit-Deposit Ratio, Net Profit and Business per Employee, along with a significant decrease in the Net NPA ratio. Although the Branch Network experienced only slight growth suggesting a strategy of consolidation rather than expansion, the overall findings confirm enhanced profitability, productivity, credit delivery efficiency, and asset quality. This supports the policy goal of creating a more robust, efficient, and inclusive rural banking system through mergers, thereby aiding regional economic development and financial inclusion in Jharkhand
Quality Education, Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in Jammu and Kashmir
No full textThe study examines the interrelationship between entrepreneurship, skill development and quality education in the socio-economic context of Jammu and Kashmir- a region endowed with natural beauty yet challenged by political instability, unemployment and infrastructural limitations. The research emphasizes that Jammu and Kashmir having over 54 percent of its population below 25 years of age, possesses immense human resource potential. But only 2 percent skill workforce highlights the urgency for targeted interventions in education and vocational training.
Through a mixed methods approach combining literature review, surveys, interviews and case studies, the study explores how quality education lays the foundation for skill enhancement and how skill development, in turn strengthens employability and fosters entrepreneurship.
Government initiatives such as Sher-e-Kashmir Employment and welfare program, Himayat, Udaan are assessed for their roles in bridging skill gaps and promoting youth empowerment. Furthermore, the national education policy (NEP)2020 is analyzed for its transformative potential in advancing inclusive, technology-integrated and regionally relevant education in Jammu and Kashmir. The findings reveal that despite notable efforts, mismatches between education, skills, and employment opportunities persist, constraining economic growth. The research concludes that the synergistic integration of education, skills and entrepreneurship can transform Jammu and Kashmir’s socioeconomic landscape-empowering youth, reducing unemployment and fostering sustainable development
A Study on Public Health Care Expenditure in India
No full textGood health is both an intrinsic human right and a catalyst for economic development. Increased Public health expenditure is essential to reduce catastrophic out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE), improve poor health outcomes, build critical infrastructure, and achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). India\u27s current public health spending, while increasing, remains low compared to global averages and national targets, creating significant gaps in quality and access. This paper examines public healthcare expenditure of India and their implications for economic growth. The study also provides a comprehensive overview of trends in public health expenditure relative to population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), central state share in public health expenditure, and key health financing indicators. The study is based on secondary data of public expenditure for the year 2010 to 2022 collected from various government publications like Economic survey, National Health Accounts, NITI Aaayog reports, Census data, World Bank database, ministry of health and family welfare etc. Patterns and trends in time series data were analyzed using line graphs. Macroeconomic links with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), per capita public expenditure, and related variables were examined using Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and correlation analysis. The study found a dramatic increase in public health expenditure and per capita public expenditure on health over the period, as well as a strong positive correlation between public health expenditure and GDP, population, and per capita public expenditure. Although India\u27s public health spending is rising, it remains low compared to global averages and national targets, resulting in significant gaps in quality and access. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative government efforts to increase public healthcare spending, given the low share of government expenditure relative to GDP, the high rate of out-of-pocket expenses, inadequate infrastructure such as doctor shortages, and disparities in access between urban and rural areas
The Fiscal–Growth Nexus in India: Fiscal Deficit, Revenue Deficit and Capital Expenditure (1980–2023)
No full textThis study examines the contested fiscal–growth nexus in India (1980–2023), motivated by persistent empirical divergence and major fiscal regime shifts. Using ARDL bounds testing with unit-root and Bai–Perron structural-break analyses, and disaggregating fiscal indicators, the paper shows fiscal deficits boost GDP in the short run while revenue deficits depress growth; capital expenditure produces short-run adjustment costs likely due to implementation lags. No stable long-run cointegration is found, largely because structural breaks (notably 2004 and 2016) alter fiscal dynamics. Novelty lies in combining ARDL with break tests and separate deficit measures over an extended data. Policy implications stress minimizing revenue deficits, improving capital expenditure productivity, and preserving countercyclical fiscal space
Transforming Consumers\u27 Choices: The Role of Social Media Influencers in Shaping Purchasing Decision
No full textSocial media influencers (SMIs) have surpassed traditional marketers in shaping contemporary consumer decision-making, particularly among younger cohorts. By employing advanced celebrity-branding strategies and multimodal narrative techniques, influencers construct persuasive product discourses that effectively stimulate consumer engagement and purchasing behaviour. Elevated engagement metrics on Markomi’s IGT platform demonstrate a measurable influence on the purchasing patterns of younger audiences. Despite this impact, sustaining perceived authenticity while cultivating a coherent brand identity remains a substantive challenge. This paper identifies significant gaps in existing scholarship, especially regarding longitudinal analyses of influencer-branding cycles and interdisciplinary intersections spanning marketing, sociology, and political communication. Empirical evidence indicates that Gen Z and millennial consumers, who are consistently exposed to audiovisual content, exhibit heightened purchase responsiveness to endorsements delivered through IGT, YouTube, and TikTok. The study underscores the necessity for marketers to adopt integrative strategies that reinforce the credibility of influencer personas without undermining consumer trust, supported by rigorous ethical standards to ensure enduring relevance and value
Analysis of Emerging Technologies and Banking Industry Service Delivery in Nigeria
No full textDevelopments in the financial sector has put pressure on Banking industry in Nigeria in order to keep pace with trends in global financial system and emerging technologies. The extent of adaptation to the emerging technologies within the Nigerian banking sector performance output, remains pertinent to the banking sector, the economic planners and to academic interest. The specific objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of selected emerging financial technologies (Fintech) on banking service delivery output in Nigeria, for the period of 2005 to 2022. Source of data is CBN Statistical Bulletin. The selected Fintech include: Point of sale (POST), Automated Teller Machine (ATMT), Agency Banking (ABT) and Internet Banking (IBT). The study applied OLS, Unit root test, co-integration, and error correction model for the econometric analysis. The major results showed that ATMT, POST, ABT had significant positive impact on banking service performance output (BSP), while IBT had significant negative impact on BSP in Nigeria. Overall, the emerging technologies have made positive contributions to the banking sector service delivery in Nigeria with exception of IBT. The study therefore recommends that the providers should lay more emphasis on resolving network problems so as to improve its networking for effective uses of internet banking. To increase strategies that tackle barriers such as insecurity/fraud. Avoidable glitches in the use of Fintech should be encouraged, more especially, improving on its networking. The Policy makers should create more awareness and formulate guidelines that aim at increasing availability of Fintech, especially ATMT in the rural areas. Finally, properly executed agency banking, with more capacities should be promoted with incentives. This is necessary to include the financially excluded, and to create a sustainable confidence in banks which, have been lacking among the players
Green Supply Chain Management and Sustainability Performance: The Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage in Bandung SMEs
No full textEnvironmental issues encourage companies, especially food and beverage SMEs in Bandung City, to integrate green supply chains to reduce waste. The implementation of green supply chain management not only supports environmental conservation but also increases economic benefits. Research shows that sustainability performance, which includes environmental, social, and economic aspects, is positively influenced by green supply chain management. However, there are differences in the results in previous studies, so further studies are needed to understand the relationship between supply chain management and sustainability performance in the SME sector. This research explores how Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) affects Sustainability performance, intervening in the role of competitive advantage within small and medium-sized food and beverage enterprises in the city of Bandung. A quantitative approach is undertaken for the study, where the data was collected from 100 owners of businesses within Bandung City using questionnaires. GSCM includes green purchasing, green manufacturing, and green distribution; therefore, these were analyzed along with competitive advantage indicators: cost efficiency, quality, delivery, and flexibility; and sustainable performance aspects: environmental, social, and economic factors. The results, analyzed using SEM-PLS, show that the GSCM practices are moderately implemented among SMEs, and the competitive advantage significantly positively mediates the relationship between GSCM and Sustainable Performance. The study underlined the crucial role of GSCM in enhancing competitiveness and sustainability performance, meanwhile indicating that the SMEs are in need of further improvements in energy efficiency and the use of recyclable packaging
Evaluating the Effect of Tunnelling on Tax Aggressiveness Among Listed Non-financial Multinational Corporations (MNCs) In Nigeria
No full textThis research aimed to examine the effect of tunnelling on tax aggressiveness (proxy by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) and Cash Effective tax rate (CAETR) among listed multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria, alongside exploring how managerial ownership moderates this relationship. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing an ex post facto and longitudinal design to analyse the interplay between variables. Secondary data was sourced from the financial statements of multinational manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group over a decade, from 2012 to 2022. The population included 14 non-financial multinational corporations listed in Nigeria by the end of the 2022 financial year. Based on availability of data, 10 firms were purposively selected as sample size. Panel regression techniques, specifically the random effects model, were applied to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings from the panel regression analysis indicated that tax tunnelling positively and significantly influenced tax aggressiveness when assessed by Effective Tax Rate (ETR) (β=2.568, p<0.05), while it had a negative and significant effect when evaluated through Cash Effective Tax Rate CAETR (β= -60.244, p<0.05). This study builds on existing research concerning tax aggressiveness by focusing on the influence of tunnelling among multinational corporations in Nigeria and investigating the moderating effect of managerial ownership on the relationship between tax tunnelling and tax aggressiveness within this context