Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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Awareness of Privacy Law among Supermarket Owners: A Study of Video Surveillance Practices in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
No full textThe widespread installation of video surveillance systems in supermarkets has facilitated unprecedented collection and analysis of personal data, raising significant concerns regarding customer privacy rights. Despite this extensive data collection, supermarket owners exhibit limited compliance with existing privacy legislation. This study examined the awareness of privacy law among supermarket owners utilizing video surveillance systems, grounded in legal realism theory and employed a qualitative research design. Data were collected through structured interviews with a sample of 60 respondents selected through snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that the majority of supermarket owners use video surveillance primarily for security purposes, with only a few utilizing it to analyze customer purchasing trends and preferences. However, their understanding and awareness of privacy law remain limited. Based on these findings, it is recommended that targeted awareness campaigns, training programs, and clear regulatory guidance be implemented to assist supermarket owners in complying with the Personal Data Protection Act No. 11 of 2022
Effect of Forensic Accounting Skills on Fraud Management of Selected Federal Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in Nigeria
No full textAim: The growing level of fraud in Nigeria has created the need for the use of forensic accounting skills in fraud management. Many scholars have attempted to analyze the forensic accounting skills on fraud management in Nigeria to assess their nature and degree of significance using different measurements with mixed results, which necessitated this study on the effect of forensic accounting skills on the fraud management of selected federal ministries, departments, and agencies in Nigeria.
Methodology: Forensic accounting skills are an independent variable proxied by accounting and auditing skills and forensic investigation skills, while fraud management is a dependent variable. The study used primary sources of data, a cross-sectional research design, a quantitative research approach, and a structured closed-ended questionnaire with five-point Likert scale options. A stratified sampling technique was used for the selection of the four federal ministries, departments, and agencies in Nigeria. The study was underpinned by both profession theory and fraud pentagon theory. The SPSS version 23 software statistical package was used for the coding of the questionnaire and data analysis for running both descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The regression results indicated that accounting and auditing skills and forensic investigation skills have a positive and significant effect on the fraud management. This implies that any unit increase in both accounting and auditing skills and forensic investigation skills will also result in a unit increase in the fraud management of federal ministries, departments, and agencies in Nigeria.
Recommendations: The study recommended that the government should provide avenues for training forensic accounting experts. Through the effective performance of forensic accountants in the country, the Nigerian government can restore its integrity both locally and internationally
The Influence of Cooperative Financial Literacy, Training and Advisory Strategies on Women\u27s Financial Empowerment: A Review
No full textThis systematic review investigates the impact of cooperative financial literacy, training, and advisory strategies on women\u27s financial empowerment, with a focus on rural areas. Recognizing the critical role of financial empowerment in achieving sustainable development goals and promoting gender equality, this review synthesizes existing literature to identify effective strategies, key influencing factors, and areas for future research. A comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed articles, reports, and grey literature reveals that cooperative financial literacy initiatives can significantly enhance women\u27s financial knowledge, skills, and confidence, ultimately contributing to economic stability, increased income, and gender equality. This review provides policymakers, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based recommendations to inform the design and implementation of effective cooperative financial literacy programs
Modelling and Forecasting the GDP of G7 Countries Using Arima Model
No full textThe study investigated the empirical role of past values of G 7 countries GDP growth rates in its future realizations. Using the Box–Jenkins modelling method, the study utilized 250 in-sample quarterly time series data to forecast out-of-the-sample G7 countries GDP growth rates. The study sourced the GDP growth data from World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period between 2002 to 2022. The study results predict that G 7countries GDP will, on average, experience 4 percent quarterly growth rates for the coming three and half years. To solidify the validity of the forecasting results, the study conducted several ARIMA and rolling window diagnostic tests. The model errors proved to be white noise, the moving average (MA) and Autoregressive (AR) components are covariances stationary, and the rolling window test shows model stability within a 95% confidence interval.
Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of ARIMA model in forecasting GDP of G 7 countries.
Findings: The results indicate that the GDP data of the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States), the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model proved effective in capturing the historical trends of GDP fluctuations.
Practical Implications: These ARIMA-based forecasts can serve as useful tools for policymakers, allowing them to anticipate potential economic downturns and formulate appropriate monetary or fiscal policies. Financial institutions can integrate these GDP forecasts into their risk models to better manage credit risk, especially in countries with volatile GDP trends like the UK and Italy.
Originality/value: The study provides a novel comparative perspective on GDP forecasting across multiple advanced economies, using ARIMA to identify country-specific economic trends. This multi-country analysis adds value to existing literature, which often focuses on individual countries
E-Money Transactions as Leading Macroeconomic Indicators: A Markov Switching Value Autoregressive (MSVAR) Approach
No full textAims: This study aimed the combination of markov regime switching and vector autoregression (VAR) models using the number of e-money transactions as measured by leading macroeconomic indicators such as interest rates, inflation rates, stock returns and composite stock price indices.
Methodology: This study uses a quantitative method, the first with the stationery test can explain the validity and reliability and stability of the data with Dicky-Fuller test. The second one with threshold test and the last one with markov regime switching model to describe the difference between two condition.
Results: The results obtained from this study are the perfection of the model using the markov switching value autoregressive (MSVAR) model with the model type M (2), AR (1) with the white noise value met. Based on these results, this model is able to be a catalyst in the value of the use of electronic money against macroeconomic variables, especially the value of interest rates, inflation, stock returns and the value of the composite stock price index.
Implication: Implication: the E-money transaction variable can analyze future macroeconomic predictions and help to make decisions about policies related to finance and control of the payment system
Fostering National NGOs Excellence: The Nexus between Strategic Transparency, Accountability and Performance in Rukungiri District, Uganda
No full textThis study explored the relationship between transparency, accountability strategies and the performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations in Rukungiri District, Uganda. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of transparence and accountability in the context of monitoring and evaluation of National NGOs in Rukungiri district. Using the Stakeholder Theory as a guiding framework, a quantitative research approach was adopted, employing cross sectional and exploratory research designs. The research targeted a sample of 180 individuals, including National NGO staff, government officials, and key stakeholders, from which 124 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires based on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The correlational analysis indicated a modest positive correlation (r=0.294, p<0.01) between transparency and accountability strategies and National NGO performance, suggesting that while these strategies contribute to improved performance, their impact is relatively limited. This finding implies that transparency and accountability alone may not be the primary drivers of organizational success, and other factors likely play a more significant role in enhancing National NGO performance. In addition, the simple regression analysis (β = 0.039, t = 0.481, p = 0.631, p>0.05) revealed that transparency and accountability strategies do not have a statistically significant direct effect on organizational performance, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the multiple factors influencing National NGO success. These findings provide insights into the modest role of transparency and accountability in the performance of National NGOs, specifically within the context of Rukungiri District, Uganda. The study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to performance improvement that incorporates transparency, accountability, and other key organizational factors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of transparency and accountability in National NGO performance, particularly in the Ugandan context, where limited studies have explored these factors
Determinants of Rice Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers for Rice Production at Wembere Basin in Iramba District, Tanzania
No full textThe agricultural sector in Tanzania is contributing 30% of GDP and 65% of employment. The rice production of Tanzania accounts approximately 17% of total grain production, and the country has nearly achieved self-sufficiency in rice. Rice production is the most important sub-sector in Tanzania since it plays a crucial role in the creation of jobs, income generation, especially from rice exports, food security and poverty reduction. This paper examined the determinants of rice commercialization among smallholder farmers for rice production in Wembere basin in Iramba district, which guided by double hurdle model and Transaction Cost Theory (TCT). The research design was cross-sectional data collected in 2023 and 2024 from 117 sample sizes of rice farmer households selected through a simple random sampling technique and analysable to obtain Household Commercialization Index (HCI), coefficients and descriptive statistics. The finding results of this paper show that the level of rice commercialization level had (HCI=95.13%) in 2023 and (HCI=94.79%) in 2024 of rice production. While the multiple regression analysis for sex, age of household, education level, family size, market distance, price of rice purchased, bank loan use and use of improved seeds had a significant at 5% level (p<0.05). This indicates that parameters influence rice production participation and a high degree of commercialization and production.
Furthermore, the results reveal that households participating in agricultural commercialization would experience improved food security through increased crop diversity. This paper concluded that demographic, economic and institutional factors had a positive impact on commercialization and determined the level of agricultural commercialization for smallholder farmers so as to increase the notion of rice farming. The study recommends that there is a need for the government to support agricultural commercialization for facilitating bank loans and improved seed toward rice production
Corporate Governance in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh: Current Practices and Future Prospects
No full textThis article delves into the evolving landscape of corporate governance in the banking sector of Bangladesh, exploring its current practices, challenges, and future directions. As the backbone of the nation\u27s economy, banks face pressing governance challenges that impact their stability and growth. While recent strides have been made in regulatory compliance, risk management, and transparency, significant gaps remain, particularly in board diversity, stakeholder engagement, and ethical oversight. Using a descriptive analysis based on secondary sources, this study examines governance frameworks through academic literature, regulatory guidelines, and reports from Bangladesh Bank and other governing bodies. The findings reveal a mixed landscape: while banks have strengthened their governance structures through independent board oversight, risk management frameworks, and regulatory compliance, persistent issues such as political influence, inadequate risk assessment, and weak whistleblower protections continue to pose risks. Moreover, gaps in disclosure practices hinder transparency and accountability. The study advocates for a more robust governance framework that aligns with international best practices, such as the Basel Committee’s corporate governance principles. The analysis primarily focused on existing practices and the data available at the time, which may not fully capture the complexities or evolving trends within all banking institutions in Bangladesh. Additionally, the field of corporate governance is continuously evolving, and some of the recommendations made here may not fully reflect the most recent changes in governance models, regulations, or global trends. A collaborative approach involving banks, regulators, and policymakers is essential to fostering a culture of ethical banking, proactive risk management, and stakeholder inclusivity. By embracing these changes, the banking sector in Bangladesh can enhance resilience, attract investment, and secure a sustainable future in an increasingly competitive global financial landscape
Customer Service Operations Within Private Commercial Banks Located in Rangpur City of Bangladesh: Have Any Changes Occurred in 4th Generation Banks?
No full textThis research examines the evolution of customer service operations in private commercial banks, specifically focusing on the 4th generation banks in Rangpur City. Launched in 2013, these banks were designed to invigorate the banking sector; however, they have encountered significant financial hurdles, leading to a critical reassessment of their service strategies. The paper analyzes the differences in customer service practices between 4th generation banks and earlier generations, determining which generation excels in performance. A total of 200 customers participated in this study, with 100 individuals from each generation banks and 20 customers from each bank selected through purposive sampling method. It underscores the importance of regulatory institutions, such as Bangladesh Bank, in preserving financial stability and promoting customer satisfaction. The results indicate that, although overall customer satisfaction is generally positive, there are still areas that require improvement, particularly in meeting customer expectations. Additionally, the study found that 4th generation banks provide a higher level of customer service compared to their predecessors. It further explores the influence of regulatory supervision and initiatives aimed at enhancing banking services, especially in rural and developing areas like Rangpur. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of the ongoing transformations within the banking sector, shedding light on how 4th generation banks are modifying their service models to adapt to evolving market demands and financial challenges while delivering quality service to customers in Rangpur City
Data-Driven Financial Risk Mitigation in Energy Investments: Optimizing Capital Allocation and Portfolio Performance
No full textAim: This study examines the extent to which data-driven financial risk mitigation practices assist in optimizing the usage of capital and portfolio performance in energy investments, particularly in the face of market volatility, regulatory risks, and geopolitical risks.
Study Design: A review of literature on financial risk management techniques using big data, machine learning, and AI-based analytics to optimize investment-making in the energy sector. The study focuses on literature between 2019 to 2024.
Methodology: This research utilizes a systematic literature peer review approach, analyzing studies in reputable databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, SSRN, and Journal of Risk and Financial Management. Selected articles focus on financial risk assessment models, predictive analytics, and AI-driven investment optimization in the energy sector.
Results: This review identifies 12 significant studies highlighting the application of AI-driven credit risk modeling, machine learning-based predictive analytics, and portfolio optimization through automation in energy financing. The findings indicate that data analytics maximize investment accuracy, reduce capital exposure, and maximize portfolio diversification in various energy sub-sectors, including renewable and conventional energy resources. These have practical implications for financial institutions, policymakers, and investors by improving risk assessment frameworks, informing regulatory compliance strategies, and enhancing decision-making in energy financing.
Conclusions: Financial risk mitigation strategies, techniques that are data-driven are crucial to ensure maximum financial robustness of energy investments. Analytics with AI improve predictive power, ensuring maximum allocation of capital and reducing financial exposure. Scalability and flexibility across diverse regulatory environments of these technologies need to be investigated in future studies