Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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Corporate Social Responsibility as a Catalyst for Women Empowerment: A Dual Focus for Social and Economic Impact
No full textThis study examines the function of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a strategic tool for promoting women\u27s empowerment in both social and economic spheres in India. The study empirically examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and women empowerment, analyzing how strategic CSR programs can simultaneously generate positive social outcomes and economic returns. Using a mixed-methods approach with data from 150 multinational corporations across various industries over a five-year period (2019-2023), this research demonstrates that targeted CSR programs focusing on women empowerment yield significant improvements in both social indicators and financial performance metrics. The findings reveal a positive correlation (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) between comprehensive women-focused CSR initiatives and organizational profitability, while simultaneously contributing to measurable improvements in gender equality indicators within participating communities
Financial Market Evolution: Taking the 2008 Financial Crisis as Exigence Point
No full textThis study examines how global financial markets have evolved since the 2008 crisis through analysis of four key areas: market capitalization recovery, regulatory reforms, globalization patterns, and FinTech adoption. Using quantitative trend analysis and qualitative policy evaluation, we demonstrate how coordinated monetary interventions and enhanced regulations enabled market resilience while accelerating emerging economies\u27 integration into global finance. Our research makes three key contributions: first, we establish a direct connection between post crisis regulatory frameworks and improved financial stability; second, we document FinTech\u27s transformative impact on financial inclusion through digital payments and automated investing; third, we identify new risks arising from technological disruption and interconnected markets. For policymakers, our findings underscore the need for adaptive regulatory approaches that balance innovation with systemic stability. Market participants will benefit from our evidence-based analysis of emerging market opportunities and portfolio diversification strategies. This research provides timely insights for navigating an increasingly complex financial landscape shaped by technological change and geopolitical shifts
Exploratory Study of Co-location in Value Creation and Capacity Building: A Case Study of SMEs in the Mobile Device and Culinary Business Sector in Padang City, Indonesia
No full textAims: While the benefits of co-location for SMEs are widely acknowledged, the specific mechanisms through which value is created and capacity is built often differ across sectors, a gap this study addresses. This research comparatively analyzes how co-location influences value creation and capacity building among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Padang City’s mobile device and culinary sectors.
Study Design: A qualitative, exploratory case study was employed.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted between May and July 2025 at two key sites in Padang City, Indonesia: Plaza Andalas, the city\u27s main hub for mobile device SMEs, and GOR Haji Agus Salim, a central hub for the culinary sector.
Methodology: Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and direct observations with ten SME owners or operators, with five from each sector. The data was analyzed using thematic and comparative analysis to identify and contrast key patterns.
Results: Both sectors leverage a co-location "destination effect" for high customer traffic, but their value creation strategies diverge. In the mobile device sector, where products are standardized, value is created not from the product itself but through intangible assets like superior customer service and technical expertise. Consequently, their capacity is built within a "co-opetitive" environment through rapid observational learning to replicate competitor strategies. In contrast, the culinary sector functions as a community-based ecosystem where value is directly tied to the tangible quality of the product,superior taste and unique recipes. Their capacity building relies on social networks and informal peer-to-peer knowledge exchange. Despite these differences, the key finding that unites them is a significant gap stemming from the lack of formal business training received by the entrepreneurs. This is critical as, according to the literature, skills and training are a fundamental factor in capacity building
Exploring How Risk-Weighted Capital, Credit Risk and Liquidity Risk Shape Bank Performance
No full textThis study reinforces the pivotal role of banks in fostering financial stability and economic growth. Using a balanced panel dataset of 12 banks from 2010 to 2023, it examines the impact of risk-weighted capital, credit risk, and liquidity risk on the performance of Nigerian banks. Employing Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimators, the analysis reveals a consistent negative relationship between bank performance, measured by return on assets (ROA), and each of the three risk dimensions. Specifically, higher risk-weighted capital (RWC) levels are associated with reduced profitability, implying that excessive capitalization may impede revenue-generating activities. Similarly, higher credit risk, as proxied by the Z-score, and increased liquidity risk negatively impact ROA, underscoring the need for robust credit evaluation and liquidity management frameworks. Interestingly, when modeled jointly, liquidity risk exhibits a positive effect on performance, indicating that banks with robust liquidity positions may engage in profitable risk-taking. Additionally, the study reveals that larger banks tend to experience diminishing returns, likely due to inefficiencies associated with scale. These findings highlight the complex interplay between risk factors and bank performance, underscoring the need for integrated risk management strategies. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should strengthen real-time risk monitoring systems, enforce capital and loan quality standards, promote adequate liquidity buffers, and facilitate advanced analytics training for staff development. Moreover, the study emphasizes the necessity of enhanced transparency in risk disclosures to strengthen investor confidence. These policy measures are crucial to fostering a banking industry that is resilient, effective, and stable
Understanding the Growth Trajectory in Haryana’s Agriculture: A Sectoral Analysis
No full textHaryana, recognized as India\u27s \u27Bread Basket\u27 and \u27Land of Gold\u27, is achieving significant advancements in its agricultural sector. In 2025, India’s agriculture sector contributed approximately 15-18 percent in its GDP. In Haryana the contribution of agriculture sector has recoded as 15.9 percent of GSVA during the year 2025. Agriculture including crop, animal husbandry and dairy farming will contribute 92.4 percent to GSVA of Agriculture and Allied Sectors in 2025. The contribution of forestry & logging and fishing sub-sectors in GSVA of Agriculture and allied sectors is merely around 5.6 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively. This study provides an in-depth examination of the growth and trends in Haryana\u27s agricultural sector by utilizing data from various reports, documents, and surveys. Government must focus on excellence in agricultural research, a fair price policy for farmers\u27 welfare and employment generation to enhance productivity but also ensure economic growth and food security
Scheduled Tribe Status, Health and Socio-Economic Conditions: An Exploratory Study of the Narikuravar Community in India
No full textNarikuravar community is a nomadic tribal group in Tamil Nadu. They have historically faced socio-economic and health challenges. The need for this study arises from the absence of holistic research covering demographic, socio-economic, social, cultural, civic, and financial inclusion aspects, and from the lack of studies exploring the community’s awareness of ST benefits and their effect on livelihood improvement. An exploratory research design was adopted, using snowball sampling to collect primary data from 240 respondents across Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode, Salem, Namakkal, and Cuddalore districts of Tamil Nadu. Findings show that 56.25% of respondents were female, and 41% were aged between 30 and 41 years. Education levels were very low, with nearly 73% having no or only primary/secondary education. About 46.67% were engaged in small-scale self-employment, largely due to lack of education, and only 45.83% lived in pucca houses. Most respondents resided in rural areas (61.67%), belonged to nuclear families (59.17%), and 43% reported facing social discrimination, especially in rural areas. Additionally, 45.42% consumed alcohol or smoked, indicating poor health awareness. Civic rights such as voting and ration cards were widely held, but bank account ownership and financial literacy were limited. Chi-square analysis showed significant relationships between education, livelihood, area of residence, and perceived social discrimination. Binary logistic regression indicates strong relationship between ‘Awareness of Scheduled Tribe benefits’, ‘Area of Residence’ and ‘Education’. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions in education, livelihood training, financial inclusion, and anti-discrimination efforts to support the sustainable development of the Narikuravar community
Recalibrating Inflation Targeting Frameworks in Developing Economies: Empirical Evidence from Zambia
No full textThis study examines the effectiveness of Zambia\u27s inflation targeting (IT) framework from 2015 to 2024 focusing on how deviations from the target range affected policy credibility, macroeconomic stability, and investment inflows. Using quarterly data spanning the decade and employing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study investigates both the short- and long-term effects of the monetary policy rate (MPR), real GDP, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade flows, and the real effective exchange rate (REER) on the performance of the inflation gap. The findings reveal that Zambia achieved its inflation target in merely 12.5% of the quarters, with substantial deviations occurring in 87.5% of the periods, predominantly during times of fiscal expansion and external shocks. Long-term estimates indicate that increasing the target reduces the inflation gap by 4%, while higher inflation and GDP growth exacerbate it by 12% and 14%, respectively. Additionally, FDI inflows and export growth have contributed to inflationary pressures, compromising price stability and undermining FDI inflows. These results underscore the presence of weak monetary transmission mechanisms and highlight that restoring credibility cannot be accomplished only through monetary tightening. The findings broaden the debate on whether IT frameworks require recalibration in developing and shock-prone economies. Therefore, the study recommends that, to restore credibility and attract sustainable investment, reforms must go beyond the narrow scope of monetary tightening and adopt a more flexible and adaptive IT strategy appropriate for Zambia and similar developing economies. Developing countries should adopt integrated, flexible, recalibrated macroeconomic strategies that align monetary, fiscal and structural policies for long-term stability
Stakeholder Awareness and Adaptability to Competency Based Education System in Balambala Sub-County, Kenya
No full textThe Competency-Based Education was introduced in Kenya with aim of promoting learner-centered approaches, practical skills and holistic development. However, the implementation of program in Kenya has faced structural barriers such as poor teacher preparation, lack of teaching and learning resources, and poor infrastructure. The enrollment has stretched the available facilities and late delivery of textbooks has disrupted the teaching-learning process. The objective of this study was to examine relationship between stakeholder awareness and adaptability to Competency-Based Education in Balambala Sub-County, Kenya. It was guided by Technology Acceptance Model. Correlational research design was employed in the study. The study targeted a population of 178 education stakeholders. Census was conducted to obtain 2 Sub- County Directors and 4 CSOs, while 30% of the 26 schools were randomly selected. A structured questionnaire and interview schedules were used for data collection tools. The Cronbach’s alpha was applied to test reliability of the instrument while experts’ advice was used to establish validity. The analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics showed that the stakeholders’ awareness was moderate. Inferential analysis results revealed a positive significant effect of stakeholder awareness and adaptability to Competency-Based Education in Balambala Sub-County, Kenya. Teachers, parents, and education policymakers in Balambala Sub-County are key beneficiaries of this study, as it clearly demonstrates the vital role of stakeholder awareness in the successful implementation of the Competency-Based Education system. Learners directly benefit from this enhanced engagement, which ensures a more responsive, inclusive, and effective educational environment tailored to their needs
Exploring Startup India\u27s Contribution to the Growth of India\u27s Startup Ecosystem
No full textIndia\u27s economy, one of the fastest-growing globally, relies heavily on its startup ecosystem. The Indian government recognised the importance of entrepreneurship and made efforts to establish an entrepreneurial ecosystem that fosters inclusive growth. These efforts aim to create a favourable environment for innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Startup India is a flagship program designed to transform India into a hub of job creators, offering a broad spectrum of support mechanisms, including legislative reforms, financial assistance, tax exemptions, and collaborations with industry and academia. The study examines the startup ecosystem in India, which is facilitated by the scheme, contributing to India\u27s economic growth and generating significant employment opportunities through bank financing. The study employs secondary sources like reports and published papers to analyzing the growth of Startups in India. The study concludes that Startup India has opened up various opportunities for the young generation and ignited entrepreneurial zeal in various fields
Effect of Air Pollution Control Investments on Financial Performance of Small Scale Agricultural Firms in Nigeria
No full textThe study examined the effect of air pollution control investments on financial performance of small scale agricultural firms in Nigeria. The specific objective was to ascertain the extent to which investment in air pollution control equipment and investment in air pollution control practices affect profit return on selected agriculture firms in Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted in the study. The population comprised owners/managers of 8,687,966 small-scale agricultural enterprises in Nigeria from which a sample size of 400 was selected. The study collected primary data from the respondents using structured questionnaire. The research questions were analysed using mean and frequency distribution. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. The findings are: investment in air pollution control equipment has a significant and positive effect on the profit return of selected small scale agricultural firms in Nigeria (b = 0.560; p-value = 0.000); investment in air pollution control practices has a significant and positive effect on the profit return of selected small scale agricultural firms in Nigeria (b = 0.423; p-value = 0.000). In conclusion, integrating pollution control into operational strategies is not merely a compliance measure but a viable contributor to firm profitability. The study recommends that managers of small-scale agricultural firm should allocate a dedicated portion of the firms’ annual capital expenditure toward the acquisition and maintenance of air pollution control equipment such as emission capture systems, exhaust treatment units, or air filtration devices