Scienceline Publication Repository
Not a member yet
1315 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation of Broiler Chicken Farmers’ Knowledge and Antibiotic Usage Practices and the Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in Bali, Indonesia
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that seriously affects public health, animal welfare, and the sustainability of food production systems. In the poultry sector, irrational use of antibiotics is a key factor contributing to the emergence of resistance. This study investigated the association between broiler farmers’ knowledge and their antibiotic usage practices with the resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in broiler chickens. The study employed a cross-sectional design and included 20 broiler farms located in Tabanan Regency, Indonesia. Knowledge and practices were assessed using structured questionnaires, while five tracheal swab samples were collected from randomly selected chickens on each farm. These samples were pooled and tested in the laboratory to identify Staphylococcus spp. and determine their susceptibility to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycycline. The antibiotic susceptibility test followed the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the associations between variables were examined using cubic regression analysis. Based on the scores obtained from the structured questionnaires, the majority of farmers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (65%) and a moderate level of antibiotic usage practices (60%). Laboratory testing revealed that Staphylococcus spp. isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (75%), followed by erythromycin (60%), doxycycline (55%), and ciprofloxacin (30%). The results showed that most farmers had moderate knowledge (65%) and practices (60%), with the highest resistance observed against amoxicillin (75%), followed by erythromycin (60%), doxycycline (55%), and ciprofloxacin (30%). A significant positive correlation was found between farmers’ knowledge scores and their antibiotic usage practice scores (r = 0.683, R² = 0.467), indicating that higher knowledge was associated with better practices; however, practices were not significantly associated with inhibition zone diameters. These findings suggested that low antibiotic literacy may lead to improper use, while bacterial resistance is also influenced by external factors such as environmental contamination, horizontal gene transfer, and centralized medication protocols in contract farming
SARCOCYSTOSIS IN ALPACAS AND LLAMAS: REGIONAL, MARKET, AND MUSCLE-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE PATTERNS
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of species (alpacas and llamas), markets in the city of Huancayo (Ferrocarril Commercial Center, Nueva Esperanza, and Nazareth), and muscle groups on the prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. Between January and October 2023, a total of 2,211 carcasses were inspected, comprising 1,716 alpacas and 495 llamas. The results indicated a prevalence of 21 (104/495 carcasses) in llamas and 8 (138/1,716 carcasses) in alpacas. By region of origin, the prevalence in alpacas was reported as follows: Huancavelica (7.7) with 14/181 carcasses, Junín (6.7) with 55/820 carcasses, and Lima (9.7) with 69/715 carcasses. For llamas, the Lima region exhibited the highest prevalence of sarcocystosis (33.9) with 72/212 carcasses, followed by Huancavelica (14.7) with 14/102 carcasses, and Junín (9.8) with 18/181 carcasses. Regarding the markets, the Ferrocarril market presented the highest risk of contamination, serving as the reference group for comparison. In contrast, the Nazareth and Nueva Esperanza markets showed significantly lower odds of Sarcocystis sp. presence, with Odds Ratios (ORs) of 0.38 and 0.25, respectively. For muscle groups, the anatomical distribution of Sarcocystis sp. cysts revealed a preferential localization in the leg (OR = 1.65) and neck (OR = 1.20) compared to the shoulder. This investigation provides significant data on the prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. in alpacas and llamas, highlighting a higher prevalence in llamas despite their smaller sample size. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address this parasitic infection in camelid production systems. © The Author(s) 202
PRIMAL CUTS OF CARCASS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF KACANG GOAT FED TOTAL MIXED RATION CONTAINING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF RUMINALLY UNDEGRADED PROTEIN
No full textThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of feed quality improvement using gliricidia and different sources of protein in total mixed ration (TMR) on the primal cuts, loin eye area, and fatty acids profile of goat meat. This study used twenty yearling Kacang goats weighing 17.42±1.63 kg. The goats were randomly allocated into 4 different treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments involved the use of natural grass from rangeland (NGFR; control) as well as improving the quality of feed through TMR containing various ruminally undegraded protein sources, i.e. TMR contains fish meal (TMR-FM), TMR contains soybean meal (TMR-SBM) and TMR contains formaldehyde treated soybean meal (TMR-TSBM). The parameters observed were primal cuts yield, loin eye area, meat, fat, bone of primal cuts, and fatty acids profile. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the goats fed TMR-FM and TMR-TSBM produced significantly higher meat percentage than control goats. The meat yield of TMR-SBM and TMR-TSBM goats were significantly higher than those of control goats. Goats fed TMR-SBM produced the highest primal cuts yield and shoulder weight, while the weight of rib, loin, and leg of TMR-SBM goats were similar to those of TMR-TSBM goats. Loin eye area was similar between the treatments. Saturated fatty acids content in TMR groups was similar to those in control. It can be concluded that improved feed quality using TMR-SBM produced significantly higher primal cuts weight, while TMR-TSBM had better meat-to-bone ratio than control. TMR-TSBM goats produced significantly leaner meat than TMR-SBM goats. Fatty acid profiles were similar between treatments. © The Author(s) 202
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR IN MAKING ONCOM OF CASSAVA PULP BY Neurospora sitophila AND ITS IMPACT ON IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND FERMENTABILITY IN SHEEP DIET
No full textThis study focused on the modification of oncom making based on cassava (Manihot esculenta) pulp to improve the nutritional profile through fermentation by Neurospora sitophila and enrichment with a mixture of urea (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 of dry matter) and a nitrogen:sulfur ratio of 15:1 (oncom cassava pulp= OCP). Hence an investigation was carried out on the in vitro digestibility and fermentability of OCP when included in sheep diets. In vitro evaluation (diet oncom cassava pulp; DOCP) was carried out on diets consisted of a mixture of 50 grass and 50 concentrate containing 2.5OCP (which selected based on the highest analysed crude protein and crude fiber levels when compared to the nutrient contents of other enriched OCP levels, P < 0.001) with compositions of 0, 10, 20, and 30 of DOCP. Results showed that the higher use of urea and nitrogen:sulfur ratio caused a decrease in crude fiber and gross energy and an increase in nitrogen-free extract (NFE) levels (P < 0.001). Using 2.5OCP in the diet resulted in significantly different N-ammonia (N-NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (P < 0.05), except for total gas and ruminal pH values. The highest IVDMD and IVOMD were obtained in 30 DOCP with a close N-NH3 and VFA and within the normal range. In summary, CP fermentation by Neurospora sitophila which is enriched with a mixture of 2.5 urea and nitrogen:sulfur at a 15:1 ratio can be used in sheep diet up to 30. © The Author(s) 202
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENT ON GROWING LAMBS OF THE LACON BREED DURING THE SUCKLING PERIOD
No full textDairy lambs are susceptible to many pathogens that can affect their subsequent performance. The use of probiotics in the rearing of Lacon lambs during the suckling period has been identified as a means of maintaining intestinal microbial balance. Studies have shown that probiotics can be used as an alternative therapy that prevents the use of antibiotics and, thus, can reduce the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well as antibiotic residues in dairy products, meat and milk. In addition, it increases the growth rate of the animal and its stress resistance under various conditions. In this regard, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the impact using the therapeutic and probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D on the growth and development of Lacon dairy lambs and their clinical parameters during the suckling period. It was found that the use of the probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D during the suckling period of Lacon dairy lamb provided an increase in average daily gains by 16.1, an increase in the content of total protein by 15.8 and an increase in the level of globulin proteins by 35.4, which indicates a high resistance of the lambs’ organism. Thus, the use of the probiotic Immunobacterin-D in feeding lambs had a positive effect on their growth rate, development, improved their health and adaptive capacity, as they showed greater resistance to elevated ambient temperatures compared to those that did not receive the supplement. The use of the probiotic increases the stress resistance of lambs, which can be used as one of the effective approaches in the breeding system of Lacon sheep. © The Author(s) 202
PROSPECTS FOR USING Hermetia illucens LARVAE IN THE DIET OF FARM ANIMALS: A REVIEW
No full textHermetia illucens larvae is a promising raw material as an alternative ecological raw material for obtaining feed ingredients. The aim of this review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in this topic by critically analyzing existing studies. Based on the review, recommended doses of defatted Hermetia illucens larval meal in the diet were identified. Replacing fish meal with Hermetia illucens larval meal in the amount of 25 and 50 ensures stable weight gain and high-quality fish products. When feeding largemouth bass and red hybrid tilapia, the recommended proportion of replacing fish meal with insect meal is no more than 30. Substitution of vegetable protein with Hermetia illucens protein in the diet of sea bass in the amount of 40 improves the histological condition of intestinal tissue. Replacing linseed fat in the amount of 30 and 60 g/kg of feed with fat from Hermetia illucens larvae in feeding rabbits revealed a negative effect on meat quality: a high content of saturated fatty acids is observed. As a positive effect of Hermetia illucens fat, a decrease in meat oxidation can be noted. The use of full-fat Hermetia illucens meal in the diet of piglets should be limited to 2. However, the protein of the Hermetia illucens larvae has great potential and can be partially replaced in combination with the protein of other insects. A number of studies presented in this review have proven the economic efficiency of using Hermetia illucens larval meal in feed production: the cost of Hermetia illucens larval meal is lower than the cost of fish meal by 0.35 USD/kg, which increases the profitability of using this type of raw material by 25. The problems of the widespread use of Hermetia illucens larval meal in animal feeding have been identified, which consist in the low attractiveness of meat and fish products grown on feed using insects. In order to reduce the negative attitude of consumers to such food products, it is necessary to increase public awareness of the environmental friendliness and safety of using such components in animal feeding. © The Author(s) 202
Degradation characteristics of crude protein and crude fiber of legume forages in the rumen of goat
No full textThe nutritional value of a feedstuff depends not only on its chemical composition but also on the capacity of rumenal microbes to colonize and degrade it. This study compared the in sacco degradation kinetics of four legume forages (Moringa oleifera, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera and Gliricidia sepium) using three rumen fistulated goats in a 4×3 completely randomized design (CRD). Seventy-two nylon bags (10 × 5 cm, 40–50 μm pore size) containing 5 g of each forage (ground to 2 mm) were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours (12 bags per time point). The study determined the soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction (b), total degradable fraction (a+b), degradation rate constant of fraction b (c), lag time (Lt), degradation effectiveness (DE), and rumen undegradable protein (RUP). The results of CP degradation revealed no significant differences among forages in fractions a, b, or a + b, but fraction c, Lt, DE, and RUP differed significantly. The degradation rate (c, h⁻¹) of crude protein ranked as Moringa (0.17) > Leucaena (0.09) = Indigofera (0.09) > Gliricidia (0.03), while Lt was shortest for Moringa (3.60 h) and longest for Gliricidia (11.96 h). Moringa and Indigofera exhibited the highest DE and lowest RUP of all treatments. Similar trends were observed for crude fiber: Moringa showed the greatest DE (26.72% Lt) compared to Leucaena (18.76 h Lt). In conclusion, all four legumes were efficiently degraded in the goat rumen, through the rate and extent of degradation varied markedly among species, reflecting differences in their biochemical composition and structural carbohydrates
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY OF WEANLING PIGS (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) FED PRE-STARTER DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH NUCLEOTIDE
No full textNucleotides can improve intestinal health by modulating the local immune response and intestinal mucosa development in weaned piglets. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of post weaned piglets and evaluated the economic analysis of nucleotides supplementation for 30 days. A total of 120 mixed breed piglets were selected at the weaning stage and were used in the experiment as control group vs. treatment 2 supplemented with nucleotide. Each treatment consisted of 60 heads with three replications with 20 heads per replication arranged in Complete Randomized Design. Results were analyzed through Pairwise T and LSD tests. In terms of growth performance, results showed that supplementation of nucleotide had significantly increased the average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and weight gain by 0.50, 1.20 and 15.02 kg, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in terms of the average daily feed intake. With regards to the economic analysis, total production input had no effect with or without nucleotide supplementation but surprisingly, it had a gross margin of Php 95,900 (Philippine peso money) which was 5 more as with those that have supplementation. As to the net income, supplementation of nucleotides increased about 40.7 in comparison to control. Furthermore, a peso of investment could have a return of about 18 cents (1050 Php) more returns with supplementation, which apparently had 0.11 cents leverage compared to control group (0.07 cents). In conclusion, nucleotide supplementation not only improved the growth performance of post-weaned piglets but also enhanced profitability, offering a significant return on investment for swine producers. This makes nucleotide supplementation a promising strategy for improving both animal health and economic outcomes in swine production. © The Author(s) 202
EVALUATION of ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY of SHEEP FARMING ENTERPRISES in KARS PROVINCE by DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to determine the economic activities of sheep farming enterprises in Kars province, Türkiye by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). For this purpose, data obtained from face-to-face surveys conducted on 99 sheep farming enterprises in Kars Province were used. In the DEA applied to determine the economic efficiency of sheep enterprises, the Charnes Cooper Rhodes (CCR) was used according to the input-oriented scale. According to the study findings, the average age of the owners of the enterprises, all of whom were male, was 46 years, and their experience was average 9 years. It was determined that the majority of the farm owners (76.8) were primary and secondary school graduates. It was determined that 67.7 of the enterprises were farming only Akkaraman, 3 were farming only Morkaraman, and 29.3 were farming both of the breeds. According to the DEA results used to determine the economic efficiency of enterprises, 41 enterprises (41.4) were determined to be effective and 58 (58.6) were determined to be inefficient. Consequently, it was concluded that inefficient enterprises need to reduce their input costs to become economically effective. In addition, it has been considered that it is very important for enterprises to make progress in the stages of obtaining, processing, branding and marketing high value-added products (milk/dairy products and meat/meat products, wool) from sheep farming to increase their income and profitability. © The Author(s) 202
Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metals in Well and Borehole Water in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
No full textGroundwater sources such as wells and boreholes serve as primary drinking water supplies in many communities especially in developing countries like Nigeria. However, the presence of heavy metals in these sources poses potential health risks. This study evaluates and compares the concentrations of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn) in well and borehole water samples collected from five locations each in Shagari Village, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine their heavy metal concentrations. Results showed that Fe levels are higher in well water (0.134–0.163 ppm) compared to borehole water (0.078–0.110 ppm). Chromium concentrations are higher (0.063–0.080 ppm) in borehole water than in well water (0.023–0.030 ppm), with some borehole samples exceeding the WHO limit of 0.05 ppm. Cadmium levels varied slightly, with well water ranging from 0.004–0.009 ppm and borehole water from 0.006–0.010 ppm. Manganese concentrations were similar in both sources, with slight variations. The findings suggest that well water may have higher Fe concentrations due to soil leaching, while borehole water exhibits higher Cr levels, possibly due to geological formations. Continuous monitoring and appropriate treatment methods are recommended to ensure water safety