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Haematological and biochemical changes in Nigerian dogs with short bowel syndrome
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the haematological and biochemical changes in Nigerian dogs with short bowel syndrome. Thirty adult dogs each weighing approximately 12.4kg (range 7-18kg) were used in this study. The dogs were randomized into five groups of six dogs each. Group 1 is the control group. The dogs here were not placed on any treatment. Group 2 dogs were supplemented with glutamine. Group 3 dogs were supplemented with honey. Group 4 dogs were supplemented with ascorbic acid and group 5 dogs were supplemented with glutamine, honey and ascorbic acid combination. Haematological parameters, serum electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and, chloride) and enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) were also evaluated. There was no depletion in sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride in all the animals as the value of these electrolytes had remained at normal range in all five groups. There was a significant decrease in the value of alkaline phosphatase in the five groups and non significant changes in the value of alanine aminotransferase in all the animals. It was therefore, concluded that patients with resection of proximal small intestinal tract have better chances of survival than patients with a resected distal small intestinal tract
Performance, serum biochemical parameters and immunity in broiler chicks fed dietary Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris extracts
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administrating herbal extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Thymus vulgaris into broilers drinking water on performance, immune response and serum biochemical and Phyto hemagglutinin. 270 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to nine dietary treatments in a randomized manner. Each treatment was given to two replicates of 15 birds. The variables of T. vulgaris extract were 1% and 2% and variables of E. purpurea extract were 0%, 1% and 2% in drinking water. Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were recorded at the end of the experiment. Antibody responses against Newcastle disease viruses were measured after blood sampling at 42 days of age. The plant extracts did not affect BW, FI and FCR (P > 0.05). Antibody titers against NDV were significantly affected by the administration of E. purpurea (P < 0.05). The highest elevation was for the birds that were administrated with 2% E. purpurea from 1 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Administration of thyme extracts had improved serum biochemical parameters as compared with Echinacea and control group. It was concluded that under these research conditions, high levels of E. purpurea extracts had increased the broiler chickens’ immunity
Effect of floor eggs on hatchability, candling, water loss, chick yield, chick weight and dead in shell
Get PDFA chicken with high quality resulted from a clean egg, not broken, and not containing cracks. This experiment was performed with the goal to evaluate the effect of contaminated eggs on hatchability, egg water loss, chick weight, chick yield, DIS, A grade and B grade chicks. Eggs (Cobb 300, Ross 308, Hubbard classic n=8616960) from six different farms were collected and divided into two groups. Group A containing good quality eggs and group B contaminated eggs or floor eggs. Each farm participated (n=1436160) eggs for sixteen replicates. Candling was significantly better (P < 0.001) in all flocks of group A as compared to B regardless of the age and breed of broiler eggs. The eggs from group B presented significantly less water loss as compared to group A. Chick yield was significantly better for group A than group B. Similarly, Chick weight, quantity of A grade chicks was significantly better for group A than group B. In short floor or contaminated eggs negatively affects the hatchery parameters and becomes a source of contamination for chicks in the hatchery and farms
Performances of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with thyme and oregano essential oils stabilized in a plant charcoal matrix
Get PDFThis study was designed to mitigate the volatile and oxidative ability of essential oils (EOs) in poultry feed using natural plant charcoal. The dietary treatments consisted of supplementing control diet (R0) with 0.01% of the mixture (1/1) of thyme and oregano EOs (RTh+or), 0.2% of Canarium charcoal without EO (R0C), 0.2% charcoal respectively enriched with 0.01% of thyme EO (R0C+Th), oregano EO (R0C+Or) and the mixture of EOs (R0C+Th+Or). Results revealed a non-significant increase in weight gain for about 5 and 6%, respectively with the mixture of the EOs without charcoal and charcoal enriched with the mixture of the EOs compared to the control (R0). The carcass yield was higher with oregano EO and the mixture of EOs compared to the other treatments. Intestinal density was lower (P < 0.05) with the mixture of the EOs compared to thyme EO alone and the control ration. Charcoal containing EOs significantly increased (P < 0.05) total protein in serum content, triglycerides, albumin, globulin and decreased serum content in creatinin, ASAT, ALAT and cholesterol. Hematological parameters were not significantly affected by the treatments. The blend of EOs associated or not to charcoal increased lactic acid bacteria count in both the ileum and the cæcum as compared to E. coli and salmonella. It was concluded that Canarium charcoal can be used to stabilize EOs in the feed for gut microbiota modulation and better growth performances of broiler chickens
Sero-marker and Detection of Avian Leukosis and Marek’s Disease Viruses in Commercial Chicken Flocks in Egypt During 2019 to 2022
Get PDFIn the poultry industry, oncogenic disease viruses result in significant financial losses. This study aimed to update incidence data in Egyptian chicken flocks from 2019 to 2022. The prevalence of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) and Avian leukosis virus (ALV) was monitored during the passive surveillance program in commercial poultry flocks, including (43) breeders, (45) layers, and (7) broiler flocks during 2019-2022 in Egypt. This passive surveillance was adopted depending on molecular detection of MDV and ALV viruses using PCR tests and serological detection of ALV using ELISA test kits. The histological and post-mortem results for clinically diseased birds have been recorded in different organs, including the Liver, spleen, kidney, ovary, intestine, and brain. Ninety-five flocks were reported and tested using PCR for monitoring ALV viruses (subtypes A, B, C, D, and J) and vvMDV. Samples used for PCR were prepared from liver and spleen tissues (5 chickens/pool). The tested flocks were negative for ALV subtypes A, B, C, and D, while only two cases were positive for ALV-J (2/95, 2.1%), including one breeder flock in 2021 and one-layer flock in 2022, both from Sharqia governorate. Although the overall detection rate of vvMDV was 18.9% (18/95), breeder flocks showed the highest detection rate (25.6%), compared to layer flocks (15.6%). Furthermore, the vvMDV virus detection rate varied from one year to another, including 4/13 (30.8%), 7/43 (16.3%), 4/24 (16.7%), and 3/15 (20 %) in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The vvMDV-positive cases were reported in eight governorates, including Sharqia, Menofia, Daqahlia, Gharbia, Qualiobia, Al Beheira, Giza, and Damietta. Moreover, the study indicated that vvMDV was detected in chickens aged 5 to 61 weeks. The ELISA test was used to detect ALV antibodies serologically. The seroprevalence of ALV was 4.7% in the study area. In conclusion, among the tested samples, only two cases of ALV-J were reported in Egyptian commercial chicken flocks during 2019-2022. During the same period, vvMDV showed an 18.9% prevalence rate. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the MDV vaccination program, including vaccine quality and efficacy