al-Burhān Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies
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Contributions of Imām Abū Hanīfah on Prophetic Hadīth: An Analysis
Full text linkImam Abū Hanīfah is considered one of the prominent scholars who contributed most to adhering to the spirit of revelation and authentic Prophetic practices, proven by his contributions to the consecration of Islamic Fiqh. Fiqh and Prophetic Hadiths are interdependent, so Sharī`ah rulings must be justified either by revelation, by Prophetic practices, or by analogy with the evidence of the two primary sources of Sharī`ah. Therefore, the works of Imam Abu Hanifah refer to the Quranic āyāt and the Hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH). The paper aims to analyse the works and contributions of Imam Abū Hanīfah on Prophetic Hadīth. Relying on the descriptive and analytical methods in this study, this paper explores some of the original contributions of Imam Abū Hanīfah, especially in transmitting and promoting the Hadīths of the Prophet (PBUH). This paper also responds to some misunderstandings, being an ongoing debate between experts who seem to have negative attitudes about factual facts and realities related to Imam Abū Hanīfah’s contributions to the history of the development of Prophetic Hadīths. This paper also responds to the severe criticism levelled against the actual image of Imam Abū Hanīfah by referring to quotations from Muslim scholars whose credibility and depth in the field of Prophetic Hadīth. throughout Islamic history have been accepted
The Role of Faith (Iman) in Women Empowerment
Full text linkUndeniably, the roles of women in any development are very essential. However, there are women who are being side-lined. Their roles are being marginalized and even worse when they are being denied their rights. Indeed, women have rights to the elevation of their common sense, self-worthiness, determination of their own choices, and the right to social change for themselves and others. To achieve that objective, there many tools that can be used in which one of them are spiritual in nature, i.e., faith (Iman), a strong belief in Almighty Allah. It is not merely a vain wish but it is that which is established in the Heart and verified with works. It has three integrated aspects, namely profession by the tongue, conviction by Heart and practice by physicals. A good believer is the one who upholds all the three integrated conditions that make the person strong and tranquil. The true belief in Allah is able to raise women above all their living problems. This writing will elaborate in detail on the what, why and how Iman is essential in women empowerment
الأحرف السبعة وعلاقتها بالقراءات القرآنية في المصادر الإسلامية المعاصرة: The relationship of the Seven Letters to the Qur’anic recitations in contemporary Islamic sources
No full textالملخص: هذا البحث المتواضع يهدف إلى اكتشاف تفسير الأحرف السبعة وعلاقتها بوجوه القراءات القرآنية من قبل العلماء المعاصرين المشتغلين بعلوم القرآن. واقتصار هذا البحث على علاقة الأحرف السبعة بوجوه القراءات القرآنية يعتمد على أساس أن منشأ الخلاف بين العلماء في علاقة الأحرف السبعة بالقراءات القرآنية يرجع إلى مدلول الأحرف نفسها. وبناء على ذلك، سيركز الباحث على قضية علاقة الأحرف السبعة بالقراءات القرآنية فقط بغض النظر عن علاقته بتاريخ نزول القرآن وكتابته وجمعه وتدوينه، أو علاقته باللهجات العربية. وسيعتمد الباحث على ما كتبه العلماء المعاصرون من كتبهم المخصصة بعلوم القرآن عموما، مثل كتاب "المحرر في علوم القرآن" للدكتور مساعد الطيار، وكتاب "علوم القرآن" لإبراهيم النعمة، وكتاب "من روائع القرآن: تأملات علمية وأدبية في كتاب الله عز وجل" للدكتور محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي (ت2013م)، وغير ذلك، وسيعتمد على كتبهم المخصصة لقضية الأحرف السبعة مثل كتاب "الأحرف السبعة ومنزلة القراءات منها: دراسة في أحاديث الأحرف السبعة، ومذاهب الأئمة فيها، وضرورتها والحكمة منها، ودحض التخرصات عنها" لضياء الدين عتر (ت2010م)، وكتاب "حديث الأحرف السبعة: دراسة لإسناده ومتنه واختلاف العلماء في معناه وصلته بالقراءات القرآنية" للدكتور عبد العزيز القارئ. واختيار الباحث العلماء المعاصرين يتأسس على فرضية وجود الاختلاف في طريقة عرضهم موضوع الأحرف السبعة وعلاقتها بالقراءات القرآنية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الأحرف السبعة- علوم القرآن - القراءات القرآنية - رمضان البوطي- عبد العزيز القارئ
This research aims to discover the interpretation of the Seven Letters and their relationship to the different recitations of the Qur’an according to the contemporary scholars in Qur’anic sciences. Limiting this study to the relationship of the seven letters to the different recitations of the Qur’an is based on the fact that the basis of the debate among scholars on the said issue is the meaning of the letters themselves. Accordingly, the researcher will focus on the issue of the seven letters' relationship to the Qur’anic readings only, regardless of its relation to the history of the revelation, writing, collection, and codification of the Qur’an or its relation to the Arabic dialects. The researcher will rely on what contemporary scholars wrote from their books devoted to the sciences of the Qur’an in general, such as the book "Al Muharrar fi ‘Ulum Al Qur’an" by Dr Musaid Al Tayyar, the book "`Ulum al-Qur’an" by Ibrahim Al-Na`mah, and the book "Min Rawa’i` al-Qur’an" by Dr Muhammad Saeed Ramadan Al-Buti (d. 2013), and others. It will depend on the books devoted to the issue of the seven letters, such as the book "Al-AÍruf al-Sab`ah wa Manzilat al-Qira’at minha” by Dia’ Al-Din ‘Itr (died 2010 AD), and the book “Hadith al-Ahruf al-Sab`ah”: a study of its chain of transmission and its text and the differences of scholars in its meaning and its connection to Qur’anic readings, written by Dr Abdul Aziz Al-Qari. Contemporary scholars are selected based on the hypothesis that there is a difference in the way they explain the subject of the seven letters and their relationship to the Qur'anic readings.
Keywords & Phrases: Seven Ahruf- Qirāʼāt- Sciences of Qur’an- Saeed Ramadan Al-Bouti- Dr Abdul Aziz Al-Qar
أَسْبَابُ النُزُولِ وَإِشْكَالِية تَارِيخِيةِ النَّصِ القُرْآنِي عِنْدَ الحَدَاثِيِّيِن: The reasons of revelation and the dilemma of the historical phenomenon of the Qur’anic text according to the modernists
No full textيتناول هذا البحث معالجة إشكالية ودعوى الحداثيين بأن أسباب النزول كاشفة عن أن الآيات القرآنية خاصة بمن نزلت فيهم، فهي تاريخية تتناسب مع ذلك الزمان الذي نزل فيه النص ولا يصح العمل فيها في العصر الراهن، وقد رد البحث هذه الإشكالية التي تستند بشكل غير مباشر على بشرية النص القرآني وجهل بمصطلح أسباب النزول عند الحداثيين، وقد اعتمد الباحثان المنهج التحليلي النقدي في معالجة الإشكالية وبلورة وتفنيد فحواها بما يكشف حقيقة الإشكالية وسبل الرد عليها وفقًا لقواعد الشرع والمنطق، وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج منها: أن القول بتاريخية النص القرآني يسقط قداسة النص ويتعارض مع إعجازه وعالميته وصلاحيته لكل زمان ومكان، كما أن هذه الدعوى من شأنها أن تُسقط حجية النص القرآني واعتباره وقداسته وهذا ما يخالف ما تسالم عليه المسلمون، كما أنها تخالف قواعد العقل والمنطق.This research deals with a claim of the modernists that the issue of ‘Asbab al-Nuzul’ or the causes of revelation indicate the authenticity of the claim of historical phenomenon of the Qur’an. This is one of the basic modernist claims through which they try to misinterpret the Qur’an. The research refuted this claim, which is originated indirectly from the false assertion that the Qur’anic text is originated from human being, and due to sheer ignorance with the term Asbab Nuzul according to modernist scholars. The researchers adopted an analytical, critical and inductive approach to deal with the issue and refute its unfounded claims with clear proofs by following the foundations of shari`ah and logic. The research reached certain important results, which include that the claim of historicality of the Qur’anic text refutes its sacred status; it contradicts with miraculous, universal and everlasting validity status of the Qur’an. This assertion of modernists would lead to condemnation of the authority of the Qur’anic text and its sacredness which is accepted by all Muslims of the world; it also contradicts with sound reason and logic
القضايا الصرفية في الأحاديث الواردة في كتاب النكت على عمدة الأحكام للزركشي: Morphological Issues in Hadīths Cited by al-Zarkashī in al-Nukat ʿAlā ʿUmdaṯ al-Aḥkām
No full textتهدف الدراسة إلى تحليل الآراء الصرفية التي أوردها الزركشي في كتابه (النكت على العمدة في الأحكام)، وذلك نظرًا لعلم الصرف الذي يبحث عن المفردات العربية المشتملة على الأسماء المتمكنة والأفعال المتصرّفة التي لها أثر في المعنى. يسير البحث وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارن، وهو منهج يقوم على تقصّي القضايا الصرفية الخلافية المهمة، ويعمد إلى مناقشة أبرز جوانبها، والوقوف على الآراء والنقاط المهمة التي أثير حولها الجدل في محاولة لسبر أغوار الدرس الصرفي من خلال دراسة ألفاظ الأحاديث الشريفة. والقضايا الصرفية التي ناقشها العلماء في كتبهم تساعد الطلاب على أمور منها فهم النصّ جيدًا بعد معرفة أصل الكلمة وصيغتها وأحوالها، وتطبيق القواعد الصرفية التي درسوها خلال النصوص اللغوية، ومعرفة الطريقة لوضع الكلمات في مكانها الصحيح أثناء الكلام والكتابة.This study aims to analyse the different opinions in Arabic morphology mentioned by al-Zarkashī in his work, al-Nukat ‘alā Umdaṯ al-Aḥkām. This is due to the importance of Arabic morphology in discussing the properties of Arabic words, whether they are “unchanging” nouns or “changing” verbs, and other properties which have impacts on the meaning of a word. This study employed descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods in examining significant morphological issues and opinions and discussing their main aspects. The study will also focus on fundamental points that has raised numerous debates on how to thoroughly develop Arabic morphology through studying the language of ḥadīths. It is beyond doubt that the discussion of Arabic morphology presented in the works of the scholars offers much benefit to students, among which is a proper understanding of the texts by knowing the roots, forms and properties of the words used. Likewise, the students will be able to apply what they have learned in Arabic morphology and understand the proper usage of words in speech and in writing
ENSURING QUALITY EDUCATION IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMNET GOALS FROM QUR’AN AND SUNNAH PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkThis research paper seeks to examine the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) which is to “ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men, and women, achieve literacy and numeracy” in the light of the Qurʾān and Sunnah. Literacy and numeracy skills are essential in achieving quality education and having access to acquire such skills is a fundamental human right. In relation to this, the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was "iqrāʾ," which signifies the importance of literacy. In this paper, the Islamic perspective on ensuring quality education is described by employing descriptive and analytical methods. The study provides new insights about ensuring quality education for all youth and adults in light of the Qurʾān and Sunnah. Acquiring knowledge is obligatory in Islam; when individuals have access to quality education, they improve their prospects in all avenues of life. Islam encourages the pursuit of knowledge and its application for the benefit of humanity. Every Muslim must be educated in order to fulfill their duties and obligations to Allah and mankind. Providing equitable access to education for all members of society is a central priority of Islam
الدخيل المعاصر على التفسير القرآني وأثره: تفسير المراغي نموذجاً: Contemporary Intrusion to the Qur’anic Interpretation and its Impact: Al-Maraghi’s Tafsir as a Model
No full textيعد تفسير المراغي من التفاسير المعاصرة التي اهتمت ببيان معاني القرآن، مع مراعاة أفهام الناس في القضايا الاجتماعية، لهذا تضمن على العديد من الاستطرادات الخارجة عن حد التفسير، من أجل ذلك هَدَف هذا البحث إلى معرفة مفهوم الدخيل على التفسير عند المراغي، والكشف عن جوانب الدخيل في تفسيره، ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمد البحث على منهجين: الاستقرائي، في محاولة لتتبع ما تضمنه تفسير المراغي من استطرادات. ثم التحليلي، لدراسة ومناقشة جوانب الدخيل في تفسير المراغي، وبيان أثر ذلك على تفسيره. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن المراغي ليس له مفهوم واضحٌ حول الدخيل على التفسير، فمرة ينقد المفسرين لاستطرادهم في تفاسيرهم، ثم يمارس نفس ما فعلوه بشكلٍ عملي، وقد ظهر ذلك من خلال استشهاده بكتب الأمم السابقة، وتوسعه في بيان المسائل الفقهية، واستعراض المصطلحات والمسائل العلمية، ثم مناقشة القضايا الاجتماعية والسياسية، ما نتج عنه ابتعاده عن الهدف الأساسي للتفسير، وفتح المجال أمام الآراء المخالفة للإجماع، ثم التساهل في تحريف المصطلحات القرآنية. ومن أهم ما توصل إليه البحث أن الضابط الدقيق في التفسير هو ما كان عليه السلف في تفاسيرهم من الاهتمام ببيان المعنى اللغوي في الآية، كما أن الحكم على الجوانب التي أحدثها المفسرون بأنه من الدخيل على التفسير لا يعني انعدام الفائدة فيه، بل قد يكون فيه خير كثير لكن في مجاله واختصاصه.The Qur’anic interpretation of al-Maraghi is regarded as one of the contemporary interpretations that focused on elucidating the meanings of the Holy Qur'an while considering the sentiments of the people and society, as it included many digressions that flowed beyond the limits of Tafsir. So, this study aimed to explain the concept of intrusion based on al-Maraghi's interpretation of the Qur’an al-Karim, and then discover the aspects of intrusion in his interpretation. The researchers adopted two approaches to accomplish these objectives: the inductive methodology, to trace the digressions included in al-Maraghi's interpretation, then the analytical methodology to study and discuss the intrusion aspects of al-Maraghi's interpretation, as well as its impact on his interpretation. The study concluded that al-Maraghi lacks a clear understanding of the intrusion in his interpretation; because once he criticizes other interpreters for digressions in their interpretations, he himself commits the same practice. This was evident through his citation from the previous divine books, his detailed analysis while explaining jurisprudential issues, reviewing scientific terminology and issues, and his discussion of social and political issues, which caused him to divert from the main objective of interpretation and opened the avenues for strange opinions contrary to Ijmāʿ, as well as flexibility in amending Quranic terminology. The most significant result of the study is that the main criterion of interpretation is what the predecessors (Salaf) carried out in their interpretations in clarifying the linguistic meaning of the Quranic verses. Additionally, considering the components that interpreters include in their interpretations as an intrusion does not necessarily mean that there are no benefits in it; rather, it may have many advantages, but only within its field and area of expertise
Rhetorical Moves and Linguistic Complexity of Abstracts on Theology Articles in Journals on Qurʾanic Studies
No full textThe present study attempts to discuss the rhetorical structure of the abstracts of theology research articles (RAs). The present study is aimed at finding the rhetorical structure of the translated abstract from Persian into English and comparing them with the original written in English and published in internal journals in theology sciences. This paper aims to investigate the rhetorical moves and linguistic complexity of abstracts in limited theological RAs. The researchers randomly chose 100 abstracts of research articles extracted from two Iranian journals of theology, i.e., Theology and Islamic Sciences of the Qur’an and Religious Enlightenment and Journal of Qurʾanic Interpretation and Language. Based on the convenience and accessibility of the first journal, only 10 RAs were selected, and another 90 abstracts were drawn from the second corpus. The framework used in this article is Pho’s (2008) framework. The analysis was conducted on the rhetorical moves and their linguistic realizations in these selected corpora. It was found that three moves, i.e., Introduction (I), Purpose (P), Discussion (D), were the conventional moves in the abstracts of RAs extracted from the mentioned journal. The frequency of occurrence Introduction (I) move in the corpus was three-time that of Finding (F) and about twice the Method (M) and Discussion (D) moves. The results also suggested that the present simple tense inactive form was the preferred choice to present the rhetorical moves. The other tenses and voices, such as passive and past tense, have a shallow frequency in the selected corpus. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of two agents, i.e., active and passive, was only observed in the Introduction (I) and Discussion (D) moves. These two journals are published by Payame Noor University, which have the same and specific style, and following the instructions is mandatory for the authors of articles. However, by reviewing the articles of both journals and paying attention to the specific admission criteria in the context and related structure, there are obvious differences between the abstracts of articles in terms of applying the writing style and articulating the research method and other related matters, which in addition to the above reasons, also indicate the extent to which the authors of the articles do not pay attention to the research method. Some variations were observed in the introduction unit and language features. The data revealed that the translated abstracts from Persian into English in the theological research articles meet the determined criteria for scientific writing while the original ones often ignore the criteria although they are linguistically superior to the original English ones. With greater awareness of rhetorical moves and linguistic realizations, it is believed that writers can structure their abstracts more naturally to the conventional style used in their fields.The present study attempts to discuss the rhetorical structure of the abstracts of theology research articles (RAs). The present study is aimed at finding the rhetorical structure of the translated abstract from Persian into English and comparing them with the original written in English and published in internal journals in theology sciences. This paper aims to investigate the rhetorical moves and linguistic complexity of abstracts in limited theological RAs. The researchers randomly chose 100 abstracts of research articles extracted from two Iranian journals of theology, i.e., Theology and Islamic Sciences of the Qur’an and Religious Enlightenment and Journal of Qurʾanic Interpretation and Language. Based on the convenience and accessibility of the first journal, only 10 RAs were selected, and another 90 abstracts were drawn from the second corpus. The framework used in this article is Pho’s (2008) framework. The analysis was conducted on the rhetorical moves and their linguistic realizations in these selected corpora. It was found that three moves, i.e., Introduction (I), Purpose (P), Discussion (D), were the conventional moves in the abstracts of RAs extracted from the mentioned journal. The frequency of occurrence Introduction (I) move in the corpus was three-time that of Finding (F) and about twice the Method (M) and Discussion (D) moves. The results also suggested that the present simple tense inactive form was the preferred choice to present the rhetorical moves. The other tenses and voices, such as passive and past tense, have a shallow frequency in the selected corpus. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of two agents, i.e., active and passive, was only observed in the Introduction (I) and Discussion (D) moves. These two journals are published by Payame Noor University, which have the same and specific style, and following the instructions is mandatory for the authors of articles. However, by reviewing the articles of both journals and paying attention to the specific admission criteria in the context and related structure, there are obvious differences between the abstracts of articles in terms of applying the writing style and articulating the research method and other related matters, which in addition to the above reasons, also indicate the extent to which the authors of the articles do not pay attention to the research method. Some variations were observed in the introduction unit and language features. The data revealed that the translated abstracts from Persian into English in the theological research articles meet the determined criteria for scientific writing while the original ones often ignore the criteria although they are linguistically superior to the original English ones. With greater awareness of rhetorical moves and linguistic realizations, it is believed that writers can structure their abstracts more naturally to the conventional style used in their fields
KNOWLEDGE, SINCERITY AND EXCELLENCE
Full text linkEDITORIAL:
Knowledge is an excellent gift of Allah SWT for mankind and jinn. All humankind compete each other in achieving excellence. This is a natural process. From the Day One of human creation, Allah SWT gifted Adam, peace be upon him, with all needed knowledge, skills and names. Human superiority was established by Allah SWT through excellent knowledge skills which the Angels were not gifted with. Hence Allah SWT commanded all angels to show their respect towards Adam by prostrating before him. All of them immediately obeyed the command of Allah except Iblis, who showed arrogance and pride against Adam, and did not obey the command of Allah SWT. Hence, he was cursed and expelled from the Heavens.
This shows that knowledge alone does not guarantee success. Sincerity is an indispensable criterion in learning knowledge and achieving excellence in the present life and the life hereafter. Iblis had pride in his nature, and believed that he was the supreme creation of Allah SWT, and all other creation should show signs of respect towards him. How could he bow down before a man of clay! His arrogance led him to be strayed.
Undoubtedly, the knowledge brings us closer to Allah SWT, leads us to success in all our jobs. Knowledge confirms honour and dignity in our life. True knowledge will ultimately save us from the Hell-fire. (Qur’an, al-Mulk 67:10). A knowledgeable person and un-knowledgeable person can never be equal. The learned ones would realize the signs of Allah and devote their life and time to secure the ultimate pleasure of Allah SWT. (Qur’an, Zumar 39:9). Allah praised the knowledgeable people by saying that the learned ones alone are truly conscious of their Lord. (Qur’an, Fatir 35:28).
A man who denounced the Signs of Allah
In Surah al-A`raf (9: 175-177), Allah SWT recorded the evil behavior of an extremely unlucky man, who was gifted with abundance of knowledge from his Lord, received all favors from Allah SWT, but at the end of his journey in life, he succumbed to Satanic temptations, and surrendered to the temporal worldly gains, destroying his eternal blissful life in Hereafter. By knowledge, he was fully aware that eternal life in Hereafter was awaiting him, and worldly life could never be compared with eternal life. This knowledge and abundance of divine favors did not save him. Allah SWT resembled him like a dog panting and breathing quickly out of search for eating and fulfilling sexual thirsts.
This is the beauty of Qur’an that Allah SWT does not mention the specific names of the corrupt people, who were destroyed and became the slaves of Satan and temptations rejecting the divine favors. Now, the Qur’anic interpreters named him as Bal`am bin Ba`ura’, a man during the time of the Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, who was said to be gifted with ‘Mustajab ad-da`wah’, means, all his prayers were immediately answered by Allah SWT.
Other scholars named Umaiyyah bin Abi as-Salt (d. 5AH), as the man intended in the ayah. He was from Ta’if, a poet philosopher, a believer in Allah SWT in Jahiliyyah [pre-Islamic phase], never worshipped idols, a great scholar of that time, who had the knowledge of previous divine books and all existing knowledge. All his writings and poetries support Tawhid, oneness of Allah SWT. He knew that there will come a final Prophet, and expecting by heart to be that promised prophet. When he came to know that Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, already started mission in Makkah, he became upset and jealous. His earlier belief in oneness of God, and profound knowledge did not save him. His pride and internal desire to be a prophet destroyed him. The prophets were chosen by Allah SWT alone, not based on someone’s desire and expectation.
A Qur’anic scribe turned apostate
In an authentic hadith in Bukhari (n. 3617) and Muslim (n. 2781), it is narrated by Anas bin Malik, may Allah SWT be pleased with him, that a Christian man from Bani Najjar accepted Islam, who had the knowledge of the previous divine books. He learnt and memorized Surah al-Baqarah and Aal ‘Imran from the Qur’an, which made him a respectable person from among the companions of the Prophet. He was assigned the job of scribe or writer of the Qur’anic revelation. Later he turned apostate and joined his Christian folks. Not only that, he claimed that Muhammad did not know anything except what he wrote for him. By this claim, he became famous to his Christian folks. When he died and graved, the earth threw his dead body out of the surface. They tried to put him onto different graves a second and third time, but again he was thrown out. This shows that the man rejected the aayat of Allah SWT which he learnt, and falsely publicized against the Prophet and the Qur’an. He was immediately punished by the earth, and the punishment in Hereafter is more severe awaiting for all anti-Qur’anic people.
Anti-Qur’anic people in the current age
Not only the time of Prophet Moses or Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon them, the chain of the people who denounce the signs of Allah, after they were gifted with it, prolong day after day. There are people who do not want to believe in Allah SWT, or do not want to accept Prophet Muhammad as the Final messenger of Allah, or there are plenty of them who denounce the divine shari`ah as a whole or part of it, or try to insert their false interpretation to the Qur’anic aayat and shari`ah, and assert that this should be changed from time to time.
Mirza Gulam Ahmad Qadiyani (1835-1908)
Born in Qadiyan of Punjab in a religious family, was a religious devotee, well educated, had profound knowledge of the Qur’an and strong influence on the masses. At the age of 50, when he noticed that the people respect him wholeheartedly, he declared to be ‘Promised Messiah’ and ‘Awaited Mahdi’. He also declared to be the Prophet of his time. His profound knowledge alone could not save him. Ultimately, succumbed to personal desires, positions, name and fame and sacrificed his religion for worldly gains. Astonishingly, his graveyard was named by his blind followers as ‘Beheshti Maqbarah’ [Gardens of Heaven Graveyard]. If they were aware of unseen information of al-Ghayb, and what the false prophet of Qadiyan was facing in his ‘alam al-Barzakh [intermediate world between dunya’ and Hereafter], they could have named it the opposite.
Rashad Khalifa (1935-1990)
Born in Egypt, an Egyptian American scientist, from a religious Sufi family, migrated to America in 1959 to further his education. He settled there. To teach his daughters the Qur’an, he attempted to translate the Qur’an. Then he discovered the miraculous number 19 in the Qur’an. He computed the whole Qur’an and propagated the numerical miracles in the Qur’an. He received due recognition and warmth welcome from all over the Muslim world. This made him proud. Then his satanic desires took over, claimed to be the promised Prophet for whom Allah SWT has taken pledge or Mithaq from all prophets. (Qur’an, Aal ‘Imran 3: 81). His profound knowledge did not lead him to guidance. Rather it led him to worldly achievements for which he destroyed his eternal life in hereafter, which Allah SWT has informed to all mankind through all divine Prophets. At the end, he was killed in 1990 by an Afro-American man.
It is evident that knowledge alone will not lead one to success. Allah SWT loves His slaves to mark excellence in the field of knowledge and science with humility. Intention should be pure to serve humanity in order to secure pleasure of Allah SWT. If satanic temptations overpower us, we get proud, and the pride may lead us to ultimate destruction.
Noor Mohammad Osmani
Editor-in-chief
December 2022
Practical Demonstration: A Method for Generating Behavioural Evidence to Study Memorisation of the Holy Qurʾān
No full textPractical Demonstration evolved as a method of data collection for investigating the memorisation of the Holy Qurʾān and its attendant learning processes. Its objective was to generate data that must be authentic, have ecological validity and be empirical, and at the same time be replicable and have conceptual clarity. It is a structured interaction between the researcher and the subject about a particular aspect of the memorisation process that has been automatized, is beyond conscious awareness and taken for granted by the subjects. Trying to elicit information about such a phenomenon through questioning gave imprecise answers, especially in the case of children. So, the researcher asked the subjects to ‘show her’ rather than ‘tell her’. Practical demonstrations were used extensively both during the participant observation and semi-structured interviews. They yielded rich evidence on certain aspects of the memorisation process such as multi-modal learning including visual imagery of a particular page; coordination of the articulatory system and the phonological loop during initial stages of memorisation; development of metamemory and its role in learning and memorising; error-monitoring, detection, and rectification; types of errors; and developing a system of retrieval cues and retrieval structure.Practical Demonstration evolved as a method of data collection for investigating the memorisation of the Holy Qurʾān and its attendant learning processes. Its objective was to generate data that must be authentic, have ecological validity and be empirical, and at the same time be replicable and have conceptual clarity. It is a structured interaction between the researcher and the subject about a particular aspect of the memorisation process that has been automatized, is beyond conscious awareness and taken for granted by the subjects. Trying to elicit information about such a phenomenon through questioning gave imprecise answers, especially in the case of children. So, the researcher asked the subjects to ‘show her’ rather than ‘tell her’. Practical demonstrations were used extensively both during the participant observation and semi-structured interviews. They yielded rich evidence on certain aspects of the memorisation process such as multi-modal learning including visual imagery of a particular page; coordination of the articulatory system and the phonological loop during initial stages of memorisation; development of metamemory and its role in learning and memorising; error-monitoring, detection, and rectification; types of errors; and developing a system of retrieval cues and retrieval structure