al-Burhān Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies
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Are Human Resources Merely Resources? A Study in Light of the Qurʾān
No full textAbstract: Collective knowledge, creative abilities and skills actually or potentially available in a society are termed as ‘human resources’. The intangible resources are considered to be the most important factor in social and economic development of a nation. In organizational context, the capacities and capabilities available to the organization to achieve its goals are called its ‘human resources’. This ‘human resource’ concept is the latest evolutionary stage of long traditions of preparing individuals for more works and enabling them to be more productive and prosperous. The concept of human resources is a synthesis and mixture of many social philosophies such as materialism, secularism, capitalism, and utilitarianism. This approach is aimed at well-being of individuals as well as achievement of social and organizational goals. The Qurʾān -the word of God according to Muslim faith- also speaks about man, his status in this world and his success in this world and in the hereafter. In this paper, effort has been made to clarify the viewpoint of Qurʾān regarding management and development of human beings as resources to achieve organizational as well as social goals. A qualitative approach based upon extensive review of literature has been used to study the concept of human beings in the light of Qur’an. The findings explicitly elaborate that the Qurʾān sets two-fold objectives and goals for human and social welfare. On the one hand, it emphasises on capacity building to achieve material well-being. On the other hand, it prepares individuals to excel morally and spiritually. It has been observed that man is not merely a resource to satisfy organizational objectives. He is much more than just a nut and bolt of machinery. While defining his role as productive member of an organization and society, his dignity, prestige, and status in the universe must be observed
Modern and Classical Scientific Readings of the Qurʾān: A Comparative Study of Abdul Wadud (d.2001) and al-Bayḍāwī (d.1286)'s Naturalistic Exegesis
No full textAmong the trends of Islamic modernism is the propagation of the compatibility or similarity of the meaning of verses of the Qurʾān with modern scientific theories and observations of nature and the cosmos. Although this idea of compatibility is also advocated by several classical scholars in their exegesis of the Qurʾān, it never had so many proponents and such wide popularity among the general Muslim population as it has since the 20th century. Many proponents of scientific exegesis (tafsīr al-ʿilmī) claim that the Qurʾān contains descriptions of nature that are scientifically accurate, and which can only be understood correctly with current scientific knowledge, i.e. the true meaning of the these verses was not available to Muslims before the appearance of modern science. We will test this claim by comparing one such modern proponent's exegesis, Abdul Wadud (d. 2001), with that of a classical scholar, ʿAbd Allāh al-Baydāwī (d. 1286). Through this we can see if the modern 'scientific miracle' exegesis of the Qurʾān truly provides new or even better insights of these verses compared to classical rational exegesis. This article tries not to analyze the veracity of modern or classical exegesis, but their concept of the purpose of revelation, epistemology and worldview concerning nature, and how this is applied in their proposed exegesis of certain verses. In this comparative analysis of the scientific exegesis of Wadud and al-Bayḍāwī we will show that both their approaches to the Qurʾānic text is rational, focused on the inimitability of the Qu'ran (ʿijāz al-Qurʾān), and incorporate their contemporary natural philosophy into their exegesis, thereby linking revelation and nature
Amin Ahsan Islahi and Sayyid Qutb on Sūrah as an Integrated Whole: A Brief Methodological Comparison on the Tafsīr of al-Aḥzāb, al-Ghāfir and al-Ṭūr
No full textIn understanding the messages of the Holy Qurʾān, man refers to the exegetical works by scholars who spend their lives interpreting, uncovering, and exploring the Qurʾanic verses. There are many types of exegetical works, each are represented by different methods, approaches and purposes resulting in diversity of interpretations of the divine text. This study compare two modern tafsīr works, Tadabbur-e-Qurʾān by Amin Ahsan Islahi and Fī Ẓilāl al-Qurʾān by Sayyid Qutb, and their interpretations of three selected sūrah (chapters) of the Qurʾān; sūrah al-Aḥzāb, sūrah al-Muʾmin (also named al-Ghāfīr), and sūrah al-Ṭūr. The comparison looks at the general methodologies of both works, their sectional division of sūrah, their concern for the central theme, and issues and subjects highlighted by each work in interpreting a sūrah
Challenges and Difficulties in Memorizing the Qurʾan in the Tahfiz Classes Among Secondary Learners
No full textThis article explores the challenges faced by students in Qur’an memorization in the Taḥfīẓ class setting. A qualitative study through semi-structured interviews through one-on-one interactions were used to investigate participants’ views about their challenges on memorizing the Qur’an. The researchers used open-ended interview structure which included specific questions, followed up by probing questions to investigate the phenomenon in details. Participants in this study were made up of 6 Taḥfīẓ students (3 females and 3 males), whose ages ranged between 15 to 17-year olds, Learning could be very challenging when something unattended coming after learners during the study process. Sometimes, if learners did not overcome it, it may cause even bigger challenges and might create depression in them. This article will explore the techniques used by students in Quranic memorization in the Tahfiz class. A qualitative study through one to one interview to 6 participants, 3 from Sekolah Menengah Islam Al-Amin Gombak (SMIAAG) and 3 from Sekolah Menengah Islam Al-Amin Bangi (SMIAAB) were done to gain information of this study. The findings suggested that the feeling of empathy, parents’ prayer and advice, continuous repetitions, early morning practices, smart scheduling for memorizing, having a partner to memorize, introspection, punishment and other learning materials helps in overcoming their barriers in Quranic memorization
Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Comparison between Western and Islamic Scripturally Based Psychologies
No full textAdvancement in the way of life and urbanization have brought many great changes in the psychological well-being of people in many parts of the world. The need to be materially affluent has pushed people in the urban settlements to unnecessary stress, anxiety, conflict, dilemma, and a whole lot of other adverse psychological states of mind. Due to these psychological problems, at times, people who mainly live in the cities, respond to these situations in a negative way ignoring completely the religious and ethical principles in life. In light of this situation, this research would like to explore the concepts of mental health and psychotherapy showcased by some selected schools in the Western mainstream psychology and Islamic scripturally based psychology. Particularly, ideas advocated by Freudian Psychoanalysis, Radical Behaviourism and Humanistic Psychology will be compared with Islamic psychology. For a better understanding on issues related to mental health, this research will marginally deal with the subject of human nature confined to the scope of this research. It is hoped that a proper understanding of the concept of mental health and its management could help people to lead a meaningful life, i.e. finding peace and harmony within themselves and in the external world. As a qualitative research, the researchers will utilize the textual-analysis method in analysing relevant data to this research
Assessing Goldziher’s Claim of Fabrication of Hadith by the Companions of the Prophet
No full textThe Muslims agreed that the sunnah of Prophet Muhammad PBUH is the second of the two revealed fundamental sources of Islam, after the Glorious Qurʾan. The authentic sunnah is contained within the vast body of hadith literature. Therefore, any impugnation against it is a direct destruction of the sharīʿah. In this guise, Goldziher claimed that the fabrication of ḥadīth began after the death of the Prophet and that indeed, the first to fabricate ḥadīth were the companions themselves. This paper briefly highlights the methods of the earlier muḥaddithūn (traditionalists) and also assesses the claim of Ignaz Goldziher and his method in dealing with ḥadīth; it afterwards attempts the refutation of his claims. The work centers only on Goldziher’s allegation for fabrication made by the companions of the Prophet. The paper adopts descriptive and analytical methods in data collection, discussion, and analysis. The paper used secondary data from published classical and contemporary sources. The study discovers that the accusations advanced by Goldziher are baseless, since he lacked credible evidence to support his hypothesis but depended heavily on narratives most of which fell short of historical reliability. It is recommended therefore, that students of knowledge and Muslims generally should be cautious of using Goldziher’s works due its lack of scientific evidences
المنافقون وأساليبهم المختلفة لهدم المجتمع: دراسة تحليلية لآيات سورة التوبة: Hypocrites and Their Various Methods of Community Destruction: An Analytical Study of the Verses of Sūrah al-Tawbah
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان الأساليب التي يسعى المنافقون إلى استخدامها في محاولة هدم المجتمع المسلم، من خلال استقراء آيات سورة التوبة، ومن ثم تحليلها، ومعرفة أقوال المفسرين حولها. حيث يتبين لنا أن المنافقين لا يألون جهداً في السعي إلى إيذاء المسلمين، والنيل منهم. ولهذا فإنه من الضروري جداً معرفة أساليبهم، وكشفها أمام العامة، والخاصة. وقد خلص البحث إلى معرفة بعضٍ من هذه الأساليب، وهي: محاولة استخدام الحرب النفسية ضد المجتمع من أجل تثبيط الناس، والإرجاف بهم. وكذلك السعي إلى إسقاط الرموز، والقدوات، وأيضاً محاولة اغتيال القادة، والعلماء بهدف خلق نوعٍ من الفراغ الداخلي، وأخيراً الإمساك عن الإنفاق في سبيل الله. وجميع هذه الأساليب تهدف إلى هدم المجتمع، وضرب استقراره.This study aims at explaining the styles and methods that the hypocrites seek to use in order to destroy the Muslim community. It is done through exploring the Qur’anic verses in Surah al-Tawbah, analysing it and learning the statements of the Qur’anic commentators about them. As it turns out, the hypocrites did not spare any effort in seeking to harm Muslims. Therefore, it is imperative to know their styles and methods and expose them to the general people and the scholars. The research concluded that some of these methods include as follows: the hypocrites try to use psychological warfare against Muslim society to demotivate them and to spread false rumours; try to assassinate the leaders and the scholars in order to create an internal vacuum; also to abstain from spending in the causes of Allah. All these approaches are intended to destroy the society and to end its stability
أثر الاختلاف في إعراب الآيات القرآنية في توجيه معانيها: سورة الفاتحة نموذجًا: Divergent Views on the Iʿrāb of Qurʾanic Verses and Their Impact on the Meaning: A Study of Sūrah al-Fātiḥah
No full textقام هذا البحث بتجلية أثر اختلاف الإعراب في توجيه معاني الآيات الكريمة، لا سيما في اختلاف المواقع والتوجيهات الإعرابية فيها التي تؤدي إلى اختلاف المعاني التفسيرية، وهو يشتمل على المسائل والتحقيقات النحوية التي تبرز هذا الأثر. واختار الباحثان سورة الفاتحة نموذجا للبحث التطبيقي في علم إعراب القرآن الكريم. وحلَّل هذا البحث المضمون التطبيقي لما تضمن في هذه السورة الكريمة من مسائل الإعراب بإخراج ما ذهب إليه المفسرون والنحاة من تطبيقات إعرابية للقرآن الكريم، لا سيما الآيات التي تحتمل أوجها صحيحة في الإعراب حتى تؤثر تعددَ المعاني التفسيرية تأثيرا فعالا. ولتحقيق الهدف الذي هو تجلية أهمية الإعراب فيما استوفاه من فهم القرآن الكريم طريقان. أولا: التحليل النظري لبحث العلاقات بين علم الإعراب وعلم العربية وتفسير القرآن الكريم. ثانيا: التحليل الدلالي الذي يبحث أثر الإعراب في توجيه معاني الآيات القرآنية، خاصة بالنسبة للآيات الكريمة المختلف إعرابها عند العلماء. وخلاصة الدراسة سيتم كشفها عن مدى دور هذا العلم في مساعدة طالب العلم في أن يتمكن من اللغة العربية ونواحيها وفهم معاني الآيات الكريمة. ولا يتركز فقط على غرض إتقان هذه اللغة بل يتجاوز معيار التعمّق في العلوم الشرعية، لا سيما علم التفسير.In this study, Sūrah al-Fātiḥah was chosen as a case for the study of the impact of divergent views of iʿrāb on the meaning of its verses. Two types of methods were used to achieve the objectives of this study, which simultaneously explained the importance of the science of iʿrāb in understanding the Qurʾan. Firstly, a conceptual analysis involving the review of related topics in iʿrāb together with topics in Arabic languages and the science of tafsīr. The second method involves a semantic analysis that studies the effect of the iʿrāb on the meaning of the verses of Sūrah al-Fātiḥah. The result from this study shows that the mastery of the sciences of iʿrāb is extremely crucial in understanding the meaning of Quraʾnic verses. It is not only useful in mastering the Arabic language; but it is also helpful to master other branches of knowledge within the area of Islamic studies, particularly the study of tafsīr
The Hospitality of Communication in Islam: An Analytical Study on Contemporary Works of Tafsīr
No full textAbstract: The paper attempts to elucidate different levels of hospitality that relates to human communication. It focuses mainly on reading verses of the Qurʾān that speak of ethical conduct in dealing with others and analysing its contexts. The divine message given to the Prophet Muhammad PBUH emphasises on the significance of hospitable relation in every sphere of human life. It plays extremely important role in avoiding misunderstanding and conflict within the society. The emergence of tensions between individuals in the community has always been the result of harshness and negative words applied in communication. In the discussion, we employ the method of deductive analysis on the views of contemporary scholars in the field of Qurʾanic tafsīr who interpret the verses adopting a sort of contextual approach. The scope of the study is limited to analysing the interpretation of verses related to ethical relation between individuals, family members, diverse religious adherents, and governmental leaders. The significance of this study is that it addresses the question of why humanity should take benefit from the Qurʾanic guidance on the hospitality of communication to maintain peace and harmonious life
دلالات الألفاظ المترادفة المتقاربة المعنى في سورة البقرة: دراسة نموذجية: The Semantic of Synonyms in Sūrah al-Baqarah: A Study of Selected Examples
No full textملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز مفهوم الترادف لغة واصطلاحا، وبيان موقفه من إثباته أو إنكاره في القرآن، عن طريق الإتيان بالآيات القرآنية التي وردت فيها الألفاظ التي قيل بترادفها، من سورة البقرة أساسا للنقاش وغيرها من السور، بواسطة استقرائها، وتحليلها في مختلف سياقاتها. فمن ثم، العثور على حقيقة هذه الألفاظ التي قيل بترادفها وبيان دلالاتها، فيتبين بذلك كونها من المترادفة أو المتقاربة في المعنى. أما وقوعها واستخدامها في كلام البشر، فهذا جائز، ولا عيب فيها. ولكن المشكلة تقع حينما يظنون أن استخدام الألفاظ في القرآن كاستخدامها في كلام البشر، وذلك بسبب أن عامة الناس قلما يهتمون بدقائق الأمور الموجودة في القرآن، كالفروق الدقيقة بين الكلمات التي قيل بترادفها. فالبحث معتمد على المنهج الاستقرائي، والتحليلي، وتذكر النتائج في الخاتمة