iRepository (Institute of Business Administration)
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CHAM-DOR ; The Case of Pink Eye Epidemic and Eye Health Care Service in Balochistan
No full textThe case study examines the [1]Pink Eye epidemic in Balochistan last year. The main issue addressed in the case study is how data driven decision making while utilizing modern means of communication and connectivity can aid in better service quality and management decision making. The case study deploys the phenomenological study method dependent of the 15 key informant interviews. The data is analyzed with the help of QDA miner lite , with the development of code tree and word cloud the key codes under the themes have been identified. There are three key themes; the first one is the digitalization impact, the digitalization barriers and digitalization facilitation. The digitalization impact is dependent on the service quality and Management styles; the digitalization barriers Individual, infrastructural and cultural have more visibility than that of the economic barrier codes. The last theme that is associated as the digitalization facilitation, the key code was the internalization of respondents that data driven decision making is the essential for survival. This case study provides an engaging means to highlight the importance of data driven decision making in the health care industry specially in the province that is least developed and has sporadic population to cater.
[1] Pink eye refers to Viral Conjunctiviti
Put Me at Psychological Ease and I will Thrive: Igniting Innovativeness Among Emloyee
No full textThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of psychological contract fulfilment on employee innovative work behaviour, as well as the function of work engagement in mediating this relationship. A quantitative analysis was used to answer the study\u27s question. The data were obtained from 332 Karachi-based respondents. The hypotheses were investigated using hierarchical regression analysis. The findings demonstrated that fulfilling psychological contracts has a favourable influence on innovative work behaviour. Furthermore, involvement helped to manage the link between psychological contract fulfilment and innovative work behaviour. This study broadens the generalizability of findings from the psychological contract literature. The findings have important implications for controlling workers\u27 innovative work behaviour
Islamic Monetary Policy Framework
No full textThis study looks at the usage and features of Islamic monetary policy tools in ten Islamic countries. The research explores the framework for Shariah compliant monetary instrument and types of Islamic monetary policy tools adopted by these countries, as well as differences in their implementation, using data from central bank websites, monetary policy reports & legislation of central banks. The finding shows that no country among the 10 Countries have a comprehensive framework for managing Islamic monetary policy. However, majority of Islamic reviewed countries have some Islamic alternatives instrument to facilitate the monetary management of Islamic banking. The research delves deeper into the situation of Pakistan, comparing its Islamic monetary policy tools to those utilized in other countries. The study reveals that the State Bank of Pakistan using “standing facilities”, “Open Market Operations” and “Reserve requirements” to implementing the conventional monetary policy. Standing facilities are used to keep policy rates within the interest rate corridor and open market operation to manage the liquidity in the interbank market & Reserve requirement to reduce or increase the money supply. To enhance the Shariah compliant monetary instruments, the State Bank of Pakistan has recently implemented two new tools: “Shariah Compliant Standing Ceiling Facility - Mudaraba Based Standing Ceiling Facility” (MMF): An alternative to Standing Facility Injection & “Shariah Compliant Mudarabah Based Open Market Operations – Injections” (OMO-Injection): This serves as an alternative to Open Market Operations (Injection). This study aims to deepen the comprehension of Islamic monetary policy tools and lay the groundwork for future research on their effectiveness and impact
An Investigation into the Role of Original Soundtracks (OST) in Pakistani Drama
No full textThis thesis focuses on the contribution of OSTs in the construction of the storyline and the reception of Pakistani television dramas. This research aims to analyse the important role and transformation of OSTs in contemporary Pakistani dramas and how they have positively impacted the industry. In the context of the historical development of Pakistani drama, beginning with PTV and continuing with recent productions, the study points towards the change in the audience’s interaction with drama with the inclusion of OSTs in the last ten years.
Looking at specific dramas including Humsafar, Meray Pass Tum Ho, and Khuda Aur Mohabbat this thesis asks how the concept of OSTs contributes to the emotional engagement with the drama’s narrative. This research addresses a significant void in the literature focusing on the Pakistani television industry since most academic works do not consider OSTs as an essential element of this industry. Thus, the study enriches the knowledge of the relations between music and drama and reveals specific aspects of Ost\u27s importance in Pakistani media culture
A Critical Evaluation of Emotional Labor, Burnout and Job Satisfaction among NGO workers in Pakistan
No full textUtilizing the GNM questionnaire for Emotional Labor, Burnout and Job Satisfaction, this research explored the degree of emotional labor performed by NGO workers in Pakistan, and the effects of performing such labor on the burnout levels and job satisfaction levels of these workers. Moreover, using the results from the questionnaire and data from in-depth interviews, this research also evaluated the nature of work within NGOs in Pakistan. It was found that the burnout levels of workers who performed false face (surface acting) emotional labor were significantly higher than those who performed deep acting (emotional labor, personal efficacy). These findings aligned with the previous studies conducted within the public sector. However, this study found that job satisfaction levels of NGO workers were not influenced by emotional labor, which differs from the previous findings. Lastly, this research explored the institutional support factor in order to mitigate the effects of emotional labor-induced burnout and provided recommendations for targeted interventions to decrease the turnover rate within the NGO sector of Pakistan
Exploring the Link Between Parasocial Relationships, Attachment Styles, and Loneliness in Female Undergraduates
No full textParasocial relationships (PSRs) refer to the one-sided bonds that viewers develop with media personas on screen. Although previous research has explored the psychological factors influencing PSRs, the findings have been inconsistent. This quantitative study aims to address these inconsistencies by assessing how loneliness and attachment styles – two frequently studied factors – contribute to the formation of PSRs, particularly in the context of the evolving media landscape and celebrity culture. A sample of 100 female undergraduates from Pakistan was surveyed using the Celebrity Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale (CPPI), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Adult Attachment Scale. The study hypothesized no significant correlations between the variables, informed by inconsistent trends observed in the literature review. The results revealed an average CPPI score of 63.39, reflecting a relatively high level of PSRs among participants. Correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses were conducted using SPSS to assess the relationships between the variables. Results indicated no significant correlation between loneliness and PSRs (r= -0.085), supporting the hypothesis. Similarly, no significant relationship was found between attachment styles and PSRs. However, the analysis identified significant differences in loneliness levels across attachment styles, with individuals exhibiting a fearful attachment style reporting higher loneliness. The study acknowledges limitations, including the small sample size and the quantitative nature of the research. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples are recommended. This research offers new insights into PSRs within a collectivist society and contributes to understanding young adult psychological development in an increasingly digital world
Oil, Power and Politics: US Interventions in Iraq from the Cold War to 9/11
No full textMy research attempts to uncover the motivations behind the United States of America’s interventions in Iraq over the years, from the Cold War to the 2003 invasion. I will examine how these motivations shaped US policy towards Iraq. I begin this journey in Iraq in 1968, when a group of Iraqi nationalist officers led by Abdel Karim Qasim and inspired by Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew the pro-West Hashemite monarchy. My research continues through the Cold War and unearths the US’s priorities and how they changed over time. What motivates the US to intervene covertly or overtly in a foreign state? What fears or anxieties caused the US to take covert action against Qasim’s regime? Why did the US first support Saddam Hussein’s regime during the Iran-Iraq war, only to turn against him so viciously afterwards? Why was the US so hellbent on overthrowing Saddam? What were the US’s priorities and how did they change over time?
Contextually, my research situates Iraq’s strategic importance within the broader geopolitical landscape, highlighting the interests and anxieties that shape US foreign policy. These include ideological, economic and strategic factors, particularly the role of Communism, oil interests, regional stability, and the dangers of a superpower’s unchecked ego. I utilize declassified government documents, scholarly articles and literature from scholars in the field. These sources have considerably helped shape my understanding of the factors that have motivated US policy towards Iraq
Mardana And Zenana: Tracing Karachi’s Urban House Architecture Post Independence from a Gendered Lens
No full textWithin heterosexual domestic architectures, gendered spaces are usually characterized through a canonical divide within the living parameter, which causes places to become masculine or feminine in nature. While the divide is primarily based on the occupation of these spaces, it is also affected by other factors. This thesis intends to look at the intergenerational presence of individuals within three specific types of architecture present in post Partition Karachi. These include an old house with a sehan/aangan (courtyard) within the walled structure, a bungalow constructed with borrowed imprints and imperial styles, and an apartment with modern design initiatives. The project explores how architecture and spaces propagate the idea of gendered division and continue to do so. Furthermore, it also examines the influence of modernization and its role in changing modes of occupation from the time of post-Independence to now. The study will trace the position and occupancy of said structures to determine how those spaces are not neutral grounds; rather, socially active sites where certain areas are occupied by men and the rest by women
Unspoken periods through the lens of men\u27s attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge in Pakistan
No full textResearch suggests that menstruation is generally not openly discussed due to societal stigmas and misunderstanding. Cultural silence and shame adversely affect women and leads to leading to inadequate education and awareness about menstrual health. This study intends to explore male understandings of menstruation in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, 11 male participants aged 18–25 from the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi were interviewed regarding their understanding of menstruation. Despite their curiosity, the participants had not explored the topic extensively due to its perceived lack of impact on their lives. The findings highlight how men\u27s understanding of menstruation is shaped by education, relationships, religion, culture, social media and socio-political factors. The results could guide educators, healthcare providers, and researchers in developing better reproductive health programs. Encouraging open communication between parents and children might lead to a more equitable perception of menstruation, ultimately reducing the stigma faced by girls and women
Does language affect adherence to UNDP guidelines reporting on violence against women in Pakistani newspapers?
No full textThis thesis examines the influence of language on the adherence to United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) guidelines in reporting on violence against women (VAW) in two leading Pakistani newspapers: Dawn (English) and Jang (Urdu). A detailed content analysis of articles published over six months was carried out. The study evaluated how these newspapers fulfill the UNDP’s ten criteria for ethical reporting, focusing on key areas such as frequency of the news articles, prominence, sensationalist language, perpetrator accountability, etc. Framing theory is employed to explore the role of language and cultural context in shaping how violence against women is portrayed, while agenda-setting theory is applied to understand how the prominence of VAW stories in the media impacts public awareness The findings revealed significant discrepancies between the two newspapers, with Jang posting news stories related to VAW much more frequently than Dawn. Out of the 6-month time for the study, Jang had 72 days of at least one article related to VAW whereas Dawn had 21. Both newspapers had issues with appropriate headlines, and with balancing the official voice, and none of the newspapers had any articles with resources for shelters or helplines related to VAW. This research contributes to the broader discourse on media responsibility in addressing violence against women, calling for greater awareness and adherence to international reporting standards in Pakistan, and the gaps that persist, especially when such prominent newspapers here don’t align closely with the international standards of journalism as prescribed in the UNDP guidelines. I believe this thesis has relevance to impact policy surrounding journalism in Pakistan, such as including resources in every VAW news report, and several other areas for future research that could contribute to a much more equitable society for citizens