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Exploring the relationship between Instagram consumption, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress with the moderating role of Self-Esteem in the Urban Youth of Pakistan
No full textThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate how self-esteem functions as a moderator in the relationship between Instagram consumption and its impact on Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Concerns regarding Instagram\u27s possible drawbacks have grown in the last decade due to the platform\u27s explosive growth in popularity, especially among young adults who are open to embracing technological advancements. The current discourse about the effects of Instagram usage calls for more research, especially in relation to how it affects young adults\u27 levels of anxiety, depression and stress. This study hypothesized that there will be a significant positive correlation between Instagram Intensity and Instagram activity and depression, anxiety and stress levels in the participants. It also hypothesized that self-esteem will moderate the relationship between Instagram intensity and depression, anxiety and stress. The present research used four self-report questionnaires, the Instagram Intensity Scale, the Instagram Activity scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale to gather data from a sample of 294 young adults (Males: 116, Females: 178) aged between 18 and 25 years. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23, with correlation analysis carried out between Instagram intensity and Instagram Activity, with depression, anxiety and stress. Moderation analysis was also carried out to test how self-esteem moderates the relationship between Instagram Intensity and Depression, Anxiety and Stress. The results showed that weak positive correlations exist between the variables being studied. Lastly, it was discovered that among Pakistani young adults, self-esteem does not significantly moderate the relationship between Instagram Intensity and its effects on Depression, Anxiety and Stress. The study\u27s limitations, future research directions, and practical implications are discussed in this paper
Govt pays Rs170b subsidy to ensure uniform electricity tariff in Karachi: Minister
No full textFederal Minister for Power Sardar Awais Ahmed Khan Leghari announced that the government is providing a Rs170 billion subsidy to ensure uniform electricity tariffs in Karachi, aligning prices with other regions of Pakistan. Speaking at the Power Reforms Roundtable at IBA Karachi, he mentioned plans for a forensic audit of Independent Power Producers (IPPs), contingent on necessity. The minister aims to achieve a reduction in electricity costs to Rs10-12 per unit within a year and a half by implementing various reforms. He acknowledged Punjab\u27s government for its electricity bill subsidy for August and September, stating that any renewal would be a provincial decision. Emphasizing the need for better efficiency in power regulatory bodies, he revealed plans to privatize seven out of ten power distribution entities soon and hinted at upcoming Electric Vehicle Regulations. He noted that higher-income groups benefit from solar net metering and expressed pride in Pakistan\u27s position as a leading clean energy producer in the region
An AI Powered Chatbot for IBA’s Website as a browser extension
No full textIn today\u27s digital age, accessing information efficiently is crucial for students navigating
university life. This project introduces an AI-powered chat application designed as a
browser extension tailored for universities. The application aims to streamline the process
of retrieving information by providing instant responses to queries without the need to
navigate multiple web pages. By leveraging artificial intelligence, the extension offers
intuitive interaction, understanding and responding to natural language queries related to
academic services, campus events, frequently asked questions, and more. The convenience
of its integration as a browser extension ensures accessibility across various platforms,
facilitating seamless access to information for all university stakeholders. This paper
outlines the development process, features, and potential impact of the AI-powered chat
application in enhancing the student experience within university environments
Consumer study on Instant Noodles and Instant Ramen Noodles Lotte Kolson Pvt Ltd
No full textInstant noodles originated in Asia and are now becoming a global phenomenon. In Pakistan, instant noodles are growing rapidly, and many international players are also entering the market. The purpose of this study is to provide consultation to our Client, Lotte Kolson to develop a marketing strategy and better positioning of their product “Kai Ramen Noodles”. For that, our client needs to deeply understand the consumer behavior towards instant noodles and ramen noodles.
The client presented us with a list of questions they wanted us to address. We segregated those questions into two broad research questions; What factors influence the overall perception of Gen Z consumers towards instant ramen noodles? and, what preferences do Gen Z consumers exhibit when it comes to instant ramen noodles? Some key deliverables of the report include:
• To understand how cultural influences affect Gen Z’s views on instant ramen noodles.
• To understand what lifestyle impacts instant ramen noodles have on Gen Zs.
• To explore how social influences affect Gen Z’s views on instant ramen noodles.
• To understand what types of packaging and visual elements are appealing to Gen Z.
• To find out Gen Z’s consumption habits and customization preferences.
• To find out what flavor is preferred by Gen Z when it comes to instant ramen noodles.
• To find out what spice levels are preferred by Gen Z for instant ramen noodles.
To address the objectives a qualitative research technique was used with a triangulation approach. The triangulation approach is when you answer the same research questions from different research techniques to solidify your findings. The data collection was done using mixed methods via focus groups, narratives, and projective technique survey forms. Thematic analysis was performed to identify broad concepts and themes using the qualitative research software NVivo. Post-transcribing the focus groups and narratives, the findings were segregated into “perceptions” and “preferences” as per the research questions. The analysis of projective techniques was done by applying frequency analysis, carefully identifying the repetitive terms in the data of survey responses.
The study revealed that ramen noodles are considered a quite niche option in the Pakistani market, however, the findings show that ramen noodles have the potential to grow in the country in the ranks of Gen Z population. The results suggest that consumers prefer mild spicy flavors, convenience of preparation, and vibrant visuals for their noodles packet. Furthermore, the influence of social media, Korean movies, and peer influence acts as the trigger for consumers to purchase instant ramen noodles. To improve product positioning a holistic marketing mix is proposed to capitalize on the growing market for instant ramen noodles
The factors that influence the perception of customers in the consumption of Olper\u27s Flavored Milk
No full textThe capstone project with FrieslandCampina focuses on gauging the effectiveness of Olper’s Flavored Milk school activation campaign, which was launched in 2022. The campaign features a mini movie called Olper\u27s All Stars, an activity book, free flavored milk samples, and a short engagement session with Olper’s brand ambassadors. The aim of the campaign is also to evaluate the effectiveness of the canteen induction programme and conduct retail audits to assess the availability and offtake of Olper’s flavored milk at outlets in the vicinity of targeted schools.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of the campaign on brand perception and flavored milk consumption among school going kids. Another reason was to see if the school activation campaign that Olper’s conducts every year has any tangible impact on consumption behavior and buying intention. The study also explores greater market dynamics, including competition’s availability and sales, macroeconomic conditions such as inflationary pressure, consumer perceptions, and the nutritional value of flavored milk.
Key findings indicate that while the campaign increases top of mind awareness and helps kids associate Olper’s milk with healthy, nutritious school meal options, it doesn’t necessarily convert into higher sales. The hurdles to conversion include two major factors: product pricing and availability. The study results show that brand activations can have a positive impact on perception of flavored milk and the willingness to purchase.
However, the execution of school activations has to be done efficiently and in schools that are part of the target market. Moreover, the activations must be supplemented by the sales team’s efforts to ensure availability, and the pricing has to be improved so consumers believe Olper’s flavored milk offers them value for money. In the absence of this, the school activations campaign and the canteen induction programme won’t yield effective results.
In conclusion, school activations can propel the growth of Olper’s flavored milk in terms of brand equity and recall, but the report underscores the importance of improved retail engagement, competitive pricing, and higher market penetration to grow the bottom line
Exploring the Consequences of Pursuing Hobbies on the Psychological Well-Being and Distress Levels of Sighted and Non-Sighted Undergraduate Students
No full textEach one of us like to unwind after a long day or after a hectic study session. Following this statement, this study was conducted to explore the consequences of hobby-following on the psychological well-being and psychological distress levels of sighted and non-sighted undergraduate students. This research included a sample of 115 sighted and non-sighted undergraduate students from universities in Karachi. Based on both quantitative and qualitative methods, the research included self-report measures, namely the Personal Well-Being (PWB) scale by Ryff & Keyes (1995) and the Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) scale by Kessler & Mroczek (1992), along with qualitative interviews. The quantitative scales were circulated online in survey form. Participants were further interviewed to understand the lived experiences, challenges, gendered expectations of hobbies and environmental pressures that they go through due to following their desired hobbies. The findings revealed that higher frequency of hobby-following was linked to higher levels of psychological well-being, that female well-being scores were higher in comparison to male well-being scores, and that majority of the well-being scores were low, hence majority of the distress scores were high. Thematic analyses of interviews revealed 4 themes each which were elaborated using features of psychological well-being and distress as defined by previous literature. Non-sighted interviewees underwent far more emotional exhaustion, burnout and distress than sighted participants, but they were also far more resilient. Future recommendations include involving personality testing, more aspects of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, etc.), more extensive statistical analyses, and awareness sessions for school managements, parents and children to promote the importance of hobby-following and welcome inclusivity
ایم ڈی کیٹ ٹیسٹ پر سندھ میں نیا بحران، آئی بی اے کراچی نے منع کردیا
No full textایم ڈی کیٹ ٹیسٹ کے حوالے سے سندھ میں نیا بحران پیدا ہوگیا ہے۔ آئی بی اے کراچی نے محدود وسائل اور مہارت کی کمی کی وجہ سے ٹیسٹ لینے سے انکار کر دیا، جبکہ آئی بی اے سکھر نے رضامندی ظاہر کی ہے۔ آئی بی اے کراچی کے قائم مقام ایگزیکٹو ڈائریکٹر نے تجویز دی کہ ٹیسٹ کا انعقاد ایک ہی ادارے کے ذریعے ہونا چاہیے، اور چونکہ آئی بی اے سکھر اس کے لیے تیار ہے، اس کو یہ ذمہ داری دی جائے۔ اجلاس میں اختلافات کے باعث کوئی حتمی فیصلہ نہیں کیا جا سکا
The Ownership Supply Chain Flows of the Financed Assets in Different Islamic Finance Modes; a Unique Point for Differentiation between Islamic and Conventional Banking
No full textIslamic banking and finance have unique characteristics and these are expanding very speedily. However, there is still very less understanding among the people about Islamic finance and its difference from its conventional counterpart. Fortunately, ownership supply chain flow-related studies like this can easily communicate and promote Islamic finance to the masses. Still, there is a lack of studies about the ownership supply chain flows and Islamic banks’ financing modes. The research question of this study is how can ownership supply chain flows of the financed assets in Islamic banks be described? Whereas the objective is to describe the ownership supply chain flows of the financed assets in Islamic banks of Pakistan. This study is significantly important because it can contribute to solving the understanding problem by fulfilling the literature gap and can support practitioners to promote Islamic banks\u27 financing efficiently
Impact of Digitalization on Banks Performance in Pakistan
No full textThis research investigates the relationship between digitalization, sustainability, intangible factors, and bank performance within the banking sector. The study aims to explore how the adoption of digital technologies, sustainability practices, and intangible assets influence the operational efficiency and financial outcomes of banks. The dependent variable, bank performance, is evaluated in conjunction with the independent variables of digitalization, sustainability, and intangible factors. Data analysis involves examining various indicators of digitalization, such as internet banking and mobile banking usage, alongside sustainability initiatives and intangible assets like brand reputation and customer satisfaction.
The findings of this study provide insights into the complex dynamics of the banking sector in the context of technological advancements and sustainability imperatives. Understanding the impact of digitalization, sustainability, and intangible factors on bank performance is crucial for policymakers, banking practitioners, and stakeholders seeking to enhance the resilience and competitiveness of banks. The research contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical evidence and practical implications for strategic decision-making and resource allocation within the banking industry. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to banking performance evaluation, considering both financial and non-financial factors in the pursuit of sustainable and value-driven banking operations