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Understanding Green Performance Management: A Counterpart to Green HRM
No full textPurpose
The integration of environmental sustainability into organizational practices has led to the emergence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), with Green Performance Management (GPM) being a crucial component. However, the existing literature has not explicitly defined green performance management. The purpose of this review is to explore in depth the extent to which the concept of green performance management has been brought under discussion within the existing body of knowledge.
Methodology/Approach
This study addresses this gap through a literature review (LR), employing an inductive approach to analyze and synthesize various perspectives and implied definitions of GPM across academic discourse. The literature review approach was followed using the keyword “green performance management.” Whereas the keyword was searched on only one research database Google Scholar based on predefined criteria, focusing on published journal articles only.
Findings
The findings suggest that the existing literature does reflect upon the need for a system that fosters awareness of green behaviors among employees of an organization. However, the existing literature does not explicitly define what green performance management is and how it can be introduced to become an integral part of the employee performance management system, along with organizational performance metrics to meet regulatory standards.
Originality
Through this study, the author has tried to broaden this under-discussed topic and has opened a dialogue for academic discourse that, in the future, may become a powerful tool with massive support for environmental sustainability ideas.
Research implications
As the current study would add to the existing body of knowledge on green human resource management (GHRM), it would have a wide ramification on the policy makers, HR managers, and administrators who are finding novel ways to decrease their carbon footprint and improve the organization’s suitability
Practical implications
The footprint of current study is multidimensional and large enough to cover various organizations ranging from hospitality industry to healthcare to education and more importantly the manufacturing and production industries which can leverage the green performance management to their full advantage while benefiting the environment in the same time.
Social implications
Although the current study mainly focuses on the organizational level, learned green behavior actualized from the findings of the current study would also have a phenomenal impact over the society at large as the learners would naturally keep the environmental sustainability in consideration while running their errands. The at least would be aware of the dangers of exhausting the natural resources and invertedly putting their survival into danger
The 2025 Pakistan Floods: Investigating the Human, Agricultural, and Economic Collapse
No full textThis project examines the 2025 Pakistan floods as a multidimensional climate disaster that triggered severe human, agricultural, and economic consequences. Moving beyond event-based reporting, the study examines how climate change, weak governance, poor infrastructure planning, and delayed institutional responses intensified the scale of destruction. Using investigative journalism methods, the project combines field reporting from flood-affected areas, in-depth interviews with displaced communities, local activists, and experts, and analysis of official data and policy documents. The findings reveal widespread displacement, loss of livelihoods, food insecurity, and long-term social vulnerability, particularly among marginalized rural populations. Agricultural collapse emerged as a central concern, threatening national food security and rural economies. The project also highlights gaps in disaster preparedness, relief distribution, and rehabilitation efforts, exposing structural inequalities in state response. By centering lived experiences and evidence-based reporting, this project frames the floods not as a natural calamity alone but as a failure of climate governance. It underscores the urgent need for climate-resilient planning, accountable institutions, and sustainable rehabilitation policies to mitigate future disasters in Pakistan
Towards Sustainable Digital Transformation: The Interplay of AI Adoption, SDG Behaviour, and Managerial Practices in Middle Eastern Manufacturing Firms
No full textThis study investigates the impact of technological advancement, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-aligned behaviour, and digitalization management on the digitalization performance of manufacturing firms in the Middle East. Using data from a survey of 405 companies in the UAE and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modelling, this research explores how digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) adoption interact with managerial competencies and pro-social SDG behaviour to influence digitalization performance. The findings reveal that digital technologies alone do not directly enhance digitalization performance. Instead, digitalization management and SDG-aligned behaviour serve as critical mediators, underscoring the importance of strategic and socially responsible leadership in digital transformation efforts. The study highlights the need for robust managerial frameworks and ethical orientations to fully leverage the benefits of digital technologies. The findings offer valuable insights for practitioners aiming to design more effective digital transformation strategies in similar contexts
Analysis of subjectivity on sovereign credit ratings through machine learning
No full textSovereign credit rating provided by credit rating agencies like S&P, Moody’s and Fitch has always been of great importance, but these agencies have been facing criticism on their rating methodology which create subjectivity and potential biases. This harms the image of developing economies in international markets. This research is responsible to study subjectivity, its extent and evaluate the ML methodologies for better assessment of credit ratings through objective and transparent framework. The balanced panel data consisting of ten diverse countries from 2000 to 2023 is used. The study uses factors responsible for explaining credit worthiness of a country. These factors are divided into 5 WDI (World Development Indicators) and 5 WGI (World Governance Indicators) as independent variables. The dependent variable is considered as historical credit ratings of country. Nine distinct ML algorithms were tested starting from Linear Regression (baseline), KNN, SVR, Decision Tree, Random Forest, ANN, CatBoost, XGBoost and Light GBM. Results of these algorithms were evaluated by performance metrics such as R2, Adjusted R2, RAE, RMSE, MSE, Precision, Recall and F1 score. Results of these algorithms showed that nonlinear algorithm models outperformed the traditional models. Among all models tested, Light GBM emerged as the most robust model achieving highest adjusted R2 (0.7675) and lowest prediction errors such as (RMSE 0.4263), that shows model ability to capture largest proportion of variance explained by predictors with less predictive risk. Feature importance analysis provides insights with the best paramount indicators. Those indicators are labeled as Feature “CG” (Core economic strength) and I (Institutional Quality). This study explores the potential of ML algorithms to create objective rating framework that mitigate subjectivity in rating and to assess sovereign risk in the global financial landscape
Contextual Discussion and Stock Returns: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
No full textPurpose:
The research explores sector-specific themes in Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) sections of 10-K reports to study their duration-related changes and their effects on financial market participants.
Study design/methodology/approach:
The study analyzes extensive MD&A disclosure data from U.S. publicly listed organizations which spanned between 2004 and 2022 through Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The research tracks industry-specific heterogeneity levels then provides insights into how corporate statements evolved throughout the examined period.
Findings:
The analysis indicates that different business sectors use distinct topics within MD&A reports to respond to specific challenges and risks along with industry strategies. The analysis displays substantial changes in these subjects which match the transformations in macroeconomic aspects and technological innovation and regulatory environments.
Originality/value:
The literature benefits from this research because it examines the combined effect of industry groups and time frames on corporate disclosure topics which remains understudied in existing studies. The paper builds on current research by revealing detailed changes in sector-based topics that drive market sentiment modifications.
Research limitations/implications:
The research examines disclosure practices through U.S.-based firms only which might not encompass worldwide business practices. New investigations should study global businesses alongside developing financial data analytics to include in their research inquiries.
Practical implications:
Market participants can improve their predictive models and investment decisions through the utilization of sector-specific information. Corporate managers should use disclosure measures that match stakeholder expectations as well as sector industry standards.
Social implications:
The study promotes open and individualized corporate communications that benefits both financial market trust and helps investors make better investment choices
Monetary Policy and Renewable Energy Consumption in Pakistan: Is There an Asymmetric Relationship?
No full textPurpose: In recent years, increasing concerns regarding environmental degradation have propelled the adoption of renewable energy. Yet, due to a multitude of socioeconomic factors, the ratio between non-renewable and renewable energy consumption remains low. Government policy decisions can be a good catalyst in this regard. Therefore, the current study investigates the Asymmetric effect of Monetary Policy on Renewable Energy Consumption in Pakistan.
Study design/methodology/approach: The study covers annual data from 1990-2021 and uses a Non-linear ARDL approach.
Findings: The Findings from the analyses document that in Pakistan, positive shocks in Monetary Policy i.e. broad money have a significant growing impact on the use of renewable energy, whereas a detrimental shock in Monetary Policy does not significantly increase sustainable energy sources consumption in the long-run. Thus, the Central bank through monetary policy in Pakistan must be persistent and sustainable to foster renewable energy consumption.
Originality/value: Lately, the researchers have shown growing interest in investigating the drivers of the use of renewable energy. However, the investigation of monetary policy as the driver of the use of renewable energy is less known, and this study adds to the body of knowledge in this domain.
Practical and Social Implications: The research findings will enable the policy makers to tailor the monetary policy decisions in such a way that renewable energy consumption can be promoted and dependence on fossil fuels can be reduced to save the country and its surroundings from the evil effects of carbon emissions on the climate
Gender Lens Investing and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Marketing: A New Paradigm for Women-Led Startups
No full textThis study explores the intersection of Gender Lens Investing (GLI) and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Marketing (SEM) to assess their combined impact on the performance of women-led startups. As global economies increasingly prioritize gender equity and environmental sustainability, GLI has emerged as a strategic financing approach that empowers women entrepreneurs while promoting inclusive growth. Simultaneously, SEM practices enable startups to align their branding, communication, and operations with sustainability goals, responding to the growing demand for ethical and eco-conscious consumption.Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 200 women-led startups across emerging economies. A structured questionnaire, adapted from validated instruments, was employed to measure perceptions of GLI, implementation of sustainable marketing practices, and indicators of business performance. The study proposes and empirically tests a conceptual model wherein SEM mediates the relationship between GLI and startup success. The findings reveal that GLI not only facilitates financial access for women entrepreneurs but also encourages the integration of sustainability values into marketing strategies. SEM, in turn, significantly enhances startup performance in terms of revenue growth, customer loyalty, and brand equity. These results highlight the synergistic effect of GLI and SEM, suggesting that investor emphasis on gender equality and sustainability can drive long-term entrepreneurial success
The Role of State Weakness in the Emergence and Intensification of Civil War: A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Conflict Zones
No full textThis senior year thesis explores the role that state weakness plays in the emergence and intensification of civil wars through a comparative analysis of four contemporary conflict zones: Afghanistan, Syria, Rwanda, and Yemen. Drawing from the theoretical perspectives of Max Weber, Robert Rotberg, Joel Migdal, Charles Tilly, and Ted Gur, this research delves into how state characteristics like political exclusion, territorial fragmentation, lack of resource mobilisation, and economic mismanagement and elite corruption lead to the emergence and intensification of civil wars. It uses a qualitative comparative case study method to trace recurring patterns across different contexts. While civil wars can be influenced by other various factors, this research argues that state weakness consistently provides the fertile ground in which civil wars are more likely to emerge and escalate. This study seeks to offer practical insights for policy and conflict prevention by highlighting the importance of inclusive governance, institutional reforms, and structured international aid in mitigating state weakness and preventing civil war
CDC’s Inter-City Study Trip: Isl-Bagh
No full textThe IBA Career Development Center (CDC) organized a three-day Inter-City Study Trip to Islamabad and Bagh, AJ&K from April 14 to 16, 2025, providing third- and final-year students with valuable cross-sector exposure and career insights. As part of the trip, students visited Teach for Pakistan, S&P Global, and Jazz, gaining firsthand knowledge of leadership development, global finance and IT operations, and digital innovation. They also toured Systems Limited and the all-female-led Bagh Grammar School, exploring tech-driven career paths and inclusive educational models. The trip concluded with a visit to CareCloud’s head office in Bagh, a healthcare tech company creating employment in remote regions and serving as the official travel and accommodation partner. This immersive experience enabled students to connect academic learning with real-world application, enhancing their professional readiness and industry awareness.https://ir.iba.edu.pk/career-development-center-gallery/1062/thumbnail.jp
CDC’s Inter-City Study Trip: Isl-Bagh
No full textThe IBA Career Development Center (CDC) organized a three-day Inter-City Study Trip to Islamabad and Bagh, AJ&K from April 14 to 16, 2025, providing third- and final-year students with valuable cross-sector exposure and career insights. As part of the trip, students visited Teach for Pakistan, S&P Global, and Jazz, gaining firsthand knowledge of leadership development, global finance and IT operations, and digital innovation. They also toured Systems Limited and the all-female-led Bagh Grammar School, exploring tech-driven career paths and inclusive educational models. The trip concluded with a visit to CareCloud’s head office in Bagh, a healthcare tech company creating employment in remote regions and serving as the official travel and accommodation partner. This immersive experience enabled students to connect academic learning with real-world application, enhancing their professional readiness and industry awareness.https://ir.iba.edu.pk/career-development-center-gallery/1063/thumbnail.jp