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Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Commercially Available Pantoprazole Tablets
Get PDFComparative study on in vitro evaluations (hardness, friability, weight variation, assay, disintegration, and dissolution tests) of marketed pantoprazole tablets (2 batches of each) from WHO GMP certified Nepalese companies (encoded with BP-02-A1, BP-02-A2), non-GMP certified Nepalese companies (encoded with BP-02-B1, BP-02-B2), and multinational companies (encoded with BP-02-C1, BP-02-C2) were done. The result of hardness, friability, weight variation, and assay and disintegration tests of all marketed products comply with pharmacopoeial limit. However, BP-02-A2 showed the fastest disintegration. Moreover, the comparison of percentage drug release of these companies on the basis of dissolution study demonstrated that BP-02-A2 (90 % drug release) complied best with standard RDRL protocol while BP-02-B2 (78% drug release) does not comply with above specification
Enabling Environmental Justice Through Education and Conservation: The Status of Existing University Curricula Relating to Environmental Justice (Discipline – Environment)
Get PDFThe intent of the exercise was to have a comprehensive status paper on Environmental Justice (EJ) education available on one hand and desirable on the other to be prescribed in graduate and undergraduate levels of university education in Nepal. The present evaluation reports results of a review of existing syllabi of environmental science and environmental management taught at the three major universities namely Tribhuwan University (TU), Pokhara University (PU) and Kathmandu University (KU) at Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) levels. A simple evaluation scheme was designed to assess the representation of topics and subtopics under the selected categories of Environmental Justice. This central information of the report is supplemented by introductory account of EJ in Nepal as an academic discipline and review account of courses provided by other universities and other considerations in design and development of EJ curriculum. Notable among the conclusions are firstly to conceive and frame the syllabi affixing EJ as an independent subject of 3 credits each or in total about 50 hours of teaching in UG and PG levels; while the UG course should be more oriented towards theoretical inputs related to scope, philosophy, definitions etc., the PG course should focus on national and international perspectives and issues along with policies and plans. A professional approach in framing PG level syllabus is suggested with a provision to take up dissertation work related to EJ. In Nepal, it is time to sustain the participatory-based judicial dispensation with an intention of effective and useful implementation of policies by stakeholders. There is an essentiality of introducing the issues related to international environmental which are not only contextual but also futuristic. The report concludes by reiterating to consider the opinion and expertise to judicial officials at the time of framing the syllabi for teaching at graduate and undergraduate levels facilitating inclusion of essential components in an adequate and appropriate measure
A New Method to Detect Isomorphism in Kinematic Chains
Get PDFThe present work deals with the problem of detection of isomorphism, which is frequently encountered in structural synthesis of kinematic chains (KC). A new method based on theoretic approach, easy to compute and reliable is suggested in this paper. The KC are represented in the form of the Joint-Joint [JJ] matrices. Two structural invariants derived from the characteristic polynomials of the [JJ] matrix of the KC are the sum of absolute characteristic polynomial coefficients (shortened as ΣJJ) and maximum absolute value of the characteristic polynomial coefficient (shortened as MJJ). These invariants are used as the composite identification number of a KC and mechanisms. It is capable of detecting isomorphism in all types of planar kinematic chains. This study will help the designer to select the best KC and mechanisms to perform the specified task and avoid duplication at the conceptual stage of design. The application this study is in research and development industries. The proposed method has been explained with the help of examples. The KC of 1-F, 8-links, and 10-links as well as 2-F, 9-link has been tested and the results are in complete agreement with the available literature of structural synthesis
MATLAB Symbolic Computation for the Steady State Modeling of Symmetrically Loaded Self Excited Induction Generator
Get PDFThis paper presents the use of MATLAB symbolic computation technique to model and simulate self-excited induction generator. In this technique, the computer itself carries out both the tedious job of deriving the complex coefficients of the polynomial equations and solving them. Hence, the modeling and programming become very simple yet versatile. Good agreement between the results obtained from the conventional method and that obtained using symbolic computation validates the effectiveness of this new technique
On Epimorphically Closed Homotypical Permutative Varieties
Get PDFWe find some sufficient conditions that a homotypical identity be preserved under epis of semigroups in conjunction with any nontrivial permutation identity
Process Capability Analysis Made Simple Through Graphical Approach
Get PDFThe statistical techniques can be used to quantify the variability of the manufacturing process. The process capability analysis helps in quantifying the process variability and assists manufacturing by reducing the variability. Process capability of a manufacturing process can be assessed through the computations of various process capability ratios. Graphical approach can be extended and used to compute capability ratios. A graphical approach of the process capability study is a presentation of process capability parameters in the form of graphs and gives quick information for further computation and analysis.
The process capability can be measured and analyzed through the computations of various process capability indices by analytical methods. This involves more computations and time consuming and not user-friendly. The mean and grand mean computations are replaced by median and grand median. Graphical method of computations of median, grand median and average range is developed. Graphical approach can be used for process capability measurement. The graphical approach of process capability study makes it easier to assess the variability of the manufacturing process with less computation and consumes less time and makes user-friendly analysis. The process capability results using median has less affected by extreme values. The median chart indicates on-line variability. If, the control limits are introduced to median chart it performs like average and range chart with fewer computations and consumes less time. This approach helps to worker in the shop floor to assess the process
A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach of Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Cost Optimisation
Get PDFThe simultaneous scheduling of resource-constrained maintenance and operations is an emerging theory that is attracting the attention of both researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to capture the uncertainty in the development of a model that schedules both preventive maintenance and operational activities. Fuzzy logic is employed to transform the human expertise into IF-THEN rules. The approach has the advantage of revealing semantic uncertainty with the associated non-specifying measures. The methodology applied tracks the error values in terms of results in linguistic variable. The result obtained indicates the feasibility of tracking the uncertain measures in the model discussed. Thus, the study may be applicable to both production system and transportation organizations that are engaged in both maintenance and operational activities. The research has serious implication in terms of the ability to monitor the imprecision that were introduced in the previous models. This obviously provides a more reliable framework for researchers and practitioners interested in maintenance scheduling operation. The paper is new in that, it demonstrates the application of fuzzy logic in a form that was never documented
Open Digital Library, Implementation in Open Educational Perspective
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the use of Open Digital Library in present educational scenario and the technical description of the architecture. The paper is based on the research and the development done in the Digital Library Research Lab using OAI-PMH and Php based harvester. The paper is presented with the flavor of Foss and Educational Theme
Electrical Properties of Rare Earth Chalcogenides Under the Effect of Pressure
Get PDFThe numerical analysis of electrical properties involved in transport mechanism such as carrier concentration, carrier mobility, carrier effective mass, electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity for some rare earth chalcogenides is discussed. The formulae are derived and used to obtain numerical values of these electrical parameters, which are useful to describe the electrical behavior (insulating, semiconducting and metallic) of rare earth chalcogenides
Case Studies of Hospitalized Patients Due to Drug Related Complications
Get PDFA cross-sectional survey was conducted involving five major hospitals in Nepal covering Kathmandu, Bharatpur, and Palpa during the period from 22nd February to 30th May 2003. Pharmacists and doctors collected data from the in-patient files of those admitted due to drug-related complications (DRC) and entered the details in the study-encounter form. The study excluded outpatients and patients experiencing DRCs outside the hospital. Among 15,624 hospital admissions, 63 (0.4%) were attributed to DRCs. Analgesics were responsible for one-fourth of the complications, while hypersensitivity and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding separately accounted for nearly one-fifth of the complications. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) caused 51 (80.96%) of the complications, followed by overdose (17.46%) and wrong dose (1.58%). A higher incidence of ADRs was due to analgesics (23.82%), followed by antibacterial agents (17.46%), antitubercular agents (15.87%), central nervous system drugs (11.12%), steroids (4.76%), and miscellaneous drugs (7.93%). Analgesics were the main therapeutic category causing DRCs, with hypersensitivity and GI bleeding being the major complications. ADRs were found to be the major cause, with a higher incidence attributable to analgesics and antibacterial agents. The study provided evidence of the incidence of DRCs