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Effect of Chemical Enhancers on In Vitro Release of Salbutamol Sulphate from Transdermal Patches
Full text linkThe effect of combination of PG with DMSO, BC, IPM, Tween 80 and SLS on drug release rate was studied in vitro. The mechanism of drug release was also studied by using power law. Significant difference (One way ANOVA; p<0.05) in release rate among the 16 formulations was seen in the study. The release profiles of various formulations also showed that the added enhancers in individual batches affect the release rate of the drug. The concentration of DMSO and Tween 80 showed directly proportional where as concentration of BC and SLS showed inversely proportional relationship with drug release rate. The increase followed by decrease in drug release rate was seen with increase in IPM concentration. In most of the formulations, drug release occurred by diffusion partially through a swollen matrix and water-filled pores
Mathematical Modeling Applied to Burn Injuries
Full text linkMathematical Modeling is that branch of Mathematics, which has application in all the fields, ranging from chemical engineering to bio-medical sciences. Here, mathematical modeling has been applied in a biomedical problem. Heat injuries are a common problem of south Asia. Burn injuries are severe cases of heat injuries, which cause serious damage to the skin and body and in severe cases may result in death. We have tried to estimate the extent of burn injuries with the help of mathematical modeling. This study has a great importance as fluctuations in various parameters affecting the burn injuries can be mathematically analyzed. This would help in curing the burn injuries as the extent of burn injuries could be found mathematically
Comparative Study Between Two Triple Therapy Regimens on Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori (HP)
Full text linkHelicobacter pylori (HP) are a bacterium that infects the mucus lining of the human stomach. HP has emerged as one of the most common bacterial pathogens worldwide [1]. It is estimated that about half the world’s population is infected with HP [2]. Curing the infection has the best outcome and is clearly the most cost effective management strategy for HP infected patients with ulcer disease [3]. The goal of the therapy is to eradicate the infection. A comparison of two ‘triple therapy’ regimen to patient with Rapid Urease Test (RUT) and histologically proven HP infection and to evaluation of cost factor of two regimens is studies Regimen-I Omeprazole 20mg bid-Clarithromycin 500mg bid –Amoxicilin 1g bid; Regimen-II Omeprazole 20mg bid-Clarithromycin 500mg bid – Tinidazole-500mg bid. It was hypothesized that Omeprazole – Clarithromycin – Amoxycillin regimen is superior to Omeprazole – Clarithromycin – Tinidazole regimen for eradication of HP. The study was conducted from in Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, (KUTH- DH), Dhulikhel, Nepal.Eradication rate of regimen-I and II was found 93.8% and 91.4% respectively, However there was no significant difference between regimen-I and II both are effective in eradication of HP. While analyzing cost difference between two regimens, it was found that regimen-II was cheaper (Rs.361.20 per course) than regimen-I and eradication rate was also satisfactory
Assessing Water Quality for Ecosystem Health of the Babai River in Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal
Full text linkWater quality of the Babai River was assessed through surveying the aquatic invertebrate populations. Study was carried out at Royal Bardia National Park to observe the effect of irrigation dam on water quality through observing the aquatic benthic macro invertebrate’s composition and abundance. The Nepalese Biotic Score (NEPBIOS) method has been used for the biological water quality assessment. Different metrics like Shannon-Wiener Generic Diversity, Diversity Index, Community loss, taxa richness, EPT index, Chironomidae taxa, were also used for assessing the level of impact caused by dam on the aquatic ecosystem health. Considerable variability in macro invertebrate assemblages was found among different sites. Many of the data obtained suggested further analysis but provisional interpretation suggests that all four sites investigated showed signs of pollution. Even the reference site, which was to act as a control, had a high-loading of organic content, perhaps due to soil and debris from the previous year’s monsoon and the presence of poison resulting in large-scale death of aquatic life
Influence of Drip-Irrigation Method on Performance and Yields of Cucumber and Tomato
Full text linkThe conservation of water is crucial to sustainable agricultural production in areas of low rainfall or uneven precipitation distribution. Under such circumstances, drip irrigation methods offer a useful option for economic production of vegetable crops. This preliminary study examined the efficacy and performance of two drip irrigation methods on cucumber and tomato crops grown out of season. The initial results of the study indicated surface drip irrigation to give better establishment of the crop and higher yields than sub-surface drip method. Further work is needed, however, to establish the cause-effect relationships and actual viability of sub-surface drip irrigation method