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Nutrition Assessment Survey of School Children of Dharwad and Haliyal Taluks, Karnataka State, India
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to find out the magnitude of the problem of undernutrition among the rural school-going children of ages 4 to 14 years and also to identify the epidemiological factors influencing the nutritional status. All 1808 school-going children of 49 villages of Dharwad and Haliyal taluks were included in the study undertaken during Mar-Apr 2005. Systematic random sampling was applied, and 557 children were studied for nutritional assessment. Both the criteria for spotting undernutrition, namely using the WHO/Govt. of India Road to Health card and also the CDC 2000 Standard for BMI for the given age and sex, were followed. The morbidity rate in the universe was 62.9%, and the nutrition-related disorders rate was 59.4%. The anthropometric methods spotted 44.4% of children as underweight/having lean BMI. Nutrition-related disorders were not related to either the father’s or the mother’s literacy nor were they related to the type of occupation of the father. They were associated with the presence of underweight/lean body mass index (p<0.01). More boys than girls had nutrition-related disorders (p<0.05). Backward Hindus (p<0.001) as well as Muslims and Christians had more nutrition-related disorders than forward Hindu children (p<0.05). The literacy status was higher among forward Hindu parents than backward Hindus (p<0.02) and least among Muslims (p<0.05). The backward community children had a better weight for age/BMI profile than forwards (p<0.005). Higher BMI among the Siddhi community, a backward community originating from Arab slave trade from Africa living in the northeastern districts of Karnataka and Goa, is documented in another one or two studies of this kind. The usefulness of WHO/GOI Road to Health card and the CDC-2000-BMI Standards for Nutritional Surveillance of school-age children can yield higher dividends before clinical methods pick up or spot the nutrition-related disorders. Periodic deworming, anti-anemia measures, nutrition education in addition to hygiene education, and vitamin A supplementation in school-age up to 14 years are recommended. Backward communities including the Siddhi community need to be targeted. Literacy is not enough; what is needed is nutrition education of the parents of the school-age children
Study of Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Refractive Index of Liquids Using a Novel Technique
Get PDFA simple and reliable method of measuring the refractive index of liquids is reported in the present paper. The technique was employed to study the temperature dependence of refractive index of water (at sodium D-line 589nm). By measuring the refractive index of water at different temperatures, the temperature coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT) was determined. In addition to this, refractive index of different solutions as a function of the concentration was studied. The results were compared with the results obtained from commercial refractometers and it was found that this technique is quite reliable and can be safely used in the study of the optical properties of any transparent liquids
Mathematical Modelling of Residual Effects of Distillery Effluents Application by Finite Difference Method
Get PDFMathematical Modelling has immense applications in various fields ranging from biomedical sciences to environmental sciences. Here, mathematical modelling has been applied to an environmental pollution, in particular soil pollution problem. Finite difference method has been successfully used to predict the residual effect of potassium (K), an important component of poly-methanated effluents. Further various parameters of the soil such as electro conductivity, pH etc. have been analysed mathematically. Their inter-relationships have also been studied
Recent Status of Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater of Nepal – A Review
Get PDFArsenic in ground water is becoming an emerging issue in the water supply and health sectors of Nepal. Considerably high percentages of people live in rural Terai region and most of them are dependent on hand tube wells for drinking water consumption in Nepal. The ground water in the past was considered to be safe for drinking purpose but now it came to be known that many shallow tube wells contain arsenic at concentrations higher than the safe limit set for drinking purpose by WHO 1993. This paper reviews the recent status of arsenic in ground water of Nepal and recommends proper research methods to be adopted in mitigating the effects of it to human health
A History of Mathematical Sciences in Nepal
Get PDFThe history of teaching mathematics is as old as human civilization. The history of mathematics is a powerful tool for disseminating an understanding of mathematics. The history of mathematics teaching in Nepal started with the establishment of "Gurukula" in ancient times, while the modern education system in Nepal appears to follow the global educational trends. The aim of this paper is to present a brief historical account of Nepalese mathematicians up to the nineteenth century and their notable contributions to mathematical sciences in Nepal
Study on the Prescribing Patterns of Drugs Used in Heart Failure
Get PDFHeart failure is the common cardiovascular diseases among people of south Asian Origin including Nepal. The prevalence of Heart failure increases with age and accounts for most of the adult hospital admissions. The objective of the study was to study the prescribing patterns of drugs used in the heart failure. The study included both the in-patients and outpatients conducted at 2 different hospitals inside the Kathmandu valley and one outside the valley, Dhulikhel. The period of study was nearly four months and the number of patients included was 156, which included total of 71 Males (52.59 %) and 64 Females (47.4%). Subjects of age groups 45-65 (45%) were found to be more susceptible to heart failure. Significant age, smoking & alcohol use, associated disease family history of disease related factors in the prevalence of heart failure were seen. The various drugs used frequently were, Diuretics, Cardiac glycosides, ACE-I, A II Receptor Blockers and Anti-Coagulants with respect to overall utilization. In the combination of drugs, was ACE-I +Diuretics + Digoxin was used most frequently. ACE-I was not appropriately prescribed as per the literature facts that they have various benefits in the treatment of congestive Heart failure and hence was underused. Ramipril, Lisinopril were also considered in the prescriptions in spite of their new entries. ARB, though similar in properties to the ACE accounts for a very small proportion of drug use profile, where high cost and lower availability may be accounted. Beta-blockers were also prescribed extensively
An Investigation on the Park and People Problems: Special Emphasis on the Impact on Wetland Surrounding Vegetation due to Overgrazing of Livestock in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Get PDFsp, Lencus sp, Lantana sp. were most abundant species. The relative abundance and density were higher inside the reserve compared to outside. The vegetations found inside the reserve were relatively taller too.
It has been found that grazing is one of the major threats to the wetlands in Koshi Tappu and is a major issue generating conflicts between local people and management of the reserve. In a typical day almost 1000 livestock were recorded grazing around the wetland outside the reserve
Theory of Phase Transition in Rare Earth Chalcogenide Compounds
Get PDFIn a number of rare earth chalcogenide compounds [(SmX, YbX, EuX)] where X=S, Se and Te], the atomic-like f levels and the wide s-d band co-exist at the Fermi level. Such compounds are considered mixed -valence compounds and ionic semiconductor at atmospheric pressure
Study of Drug Use in Essential Hypertension and Their Compliance
Get PDFHypertension (HTN) Affects Approximately 1 Billion People Worldwide. The Prevalence of HTN Increase with Age and Even Further Unless Broad and Effective Preventive Measures Are Implemented. Significant Age, Obesity, Lifestyle, Smoking and Alcohol Use Related Factors in Prevalence of Essential HTN Were Seen. The Use of Drugs Was Observed Related to Different Factors. Out of Total 156 Patients, the Distribution of Antihypertensive Agents (AHA) Used Were Calcium Channel Blockers (65%), Beta Blockers (52%), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (19%), Diuretics (28%) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (9%). Among Individual Drugs, 102 Patients Were on Amlodepine, 39 on Hydrochlorthiazide, 82 on Atenolol, 14 on Losartan, and 30 Subjects Were on Enalapril. With Respect to Overall Utilization, Calcium Channel Blockers (Amlodepine) Were Observed to Be the Most Frequently Prescribed AHAs, Beta Blockers (Atenolol) Ranked Second Followed by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (Enalapril), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Losartan) and Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide). Within Each Class of AHA Used the Most Frequently Used Were Calcium Channel Blockers, (Amlodepine- 97.14% and Nefidipine- 2.86%) Followed by Beta Blockers (Atenolol 97.6% and Metoprolol 2.4%, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (Enalapril 96.77% and Lisinopril 3.23%), Diuretics (Hydrochlorthiazide 88.63 %and Loop Diuretics 11.35%), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Losartan). Both in Monotherapy and Combination Therapy, the Most Preferred AHA Remains Amlodepine. In Combination Therapy, the Most Extensively Used Combination Was Amlodepine with Atenolol. Calcium Channel Blockers Were Appropriately Prescribed in Significant Number of Patients Above 50 Years. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Account for a Very Small Proportion of Drug Use Profile, Which May Be Due to the High Cost and Lower Availability of These Drugs. The General Pattern of Antihypertensive Agent Utilizations Appears to Be Within the Recommendation of British HTN Society Guideline