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Identities for Harmonic Numbers and Binomial Relations Via Legendre Polynomials
Get PDFWe employ the orthonormality of the Legendre polynomials to deduce binomial identities. The harmonic numbers Hn are connected with the derivatives of binomial coefficients, this fact allows to deduce identities involving the Hn
Biocontrol and growth enhancement potential of Trichoderma spp. on broad leaf mustard
Get PDFMicrobial isolates from plant associated habitats are being considered as valid alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the study was to select beneficial fungi belonging to Trichoderma genus, to be added as soil inoculants, in order to develop an innovative, economic and suitable alternative to synthetic fertilizers for growth promotion of plants. The isolated Trichoderma were characterized and identified by morphological and microscopic analysis. The antagonistic effects of these Trichoderma isolates were tested against three pathogenic fungi; Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Dual culture technique was employed and percentage of inhibition (I %) on mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi was calculated. Isolates BC and KB, showed the highest antagonistic effect against S. minor by 100%. Isolate DH and TH showed partial suppression of F. solani y 64.74% and 70.94% respectively. Isolates HA and Y restrain F. oxysporum by 85.12% and 85.90% respectively. Hence, BC, KB, DH, TH, HA, and Y could be a potential bio-control agent, BCA. In vitro and in vivogrowth promotion study was carried out by seed treatment method.Isolate EO revealed highest growth promotion activity in all parameters. In vitro studies of seedling assay indicated that isolate EO exhibited best effect on almost all the parameters; root length, shoot length, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, germination percentage and seedling vigour index in in vitro condition. However, greenhouse studies indicated that GS showed highest shoot length, TH promoted highest root length and HA showed maximum number of leaves. Significant difference was observed inroot length in greenhouse experiment and plant wet weight in seedling assay at p≤0.05. The results presented in this study further reinforce the concept of biological control and plant growth promotion by Trichoderma as an alternative disease control strategy
Relative Coagulation Potentials of Aluminum Sulphate and Mangifera indica Seeds in Purifying Domestic Waste Water
Get PDFThe high cost of most chemical coagulants and their non-availability coupled with their negative health impacts necessitates the use of natural or bio-coagulants. This study compares the effectiveness of using powdered extract from matured dried Mangifera indica (M. indica) seeds (bio-coagulant) with Aluminum sulphate (alum, chemical coagulant) for the coagulation of domestic waste water. The treatments include: control culture (no coagulant is added), 150 mg/L of alum, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L of M. indica seeds. All the treatments were cultured in 15-litres buckets. The experiment was design based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated 3times. Physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of the domestic sewage were determined before and after the application of the coagulants on weekly basis. Results show that for turbidity, at the point of collection, the value was 013NTU was reduced to a minimum value of 001NTU for both 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L of M. indica seeds treatments. The Total Hardness at the point of collection was 2.73 mg/L; the highest value during the period of study was 5.30 mg/L at the fifth week for the alum treatment, followed by 4.37 at the fourth week for 100 mg/L of M. indica seeds treatment. The study showed that M. indica seeds powder perform very well as a bio-coagulant and be used as a replacement for alum or any other chemical coagulant in the purification of domestic waste water
Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of Oil Extract From Two Varieties of Fluted Pumpkin Seeds Using Different Extraction Methods
Get PDFThis study investigates physical and chemical properties two seeds namely Ugba (Telfairia pedata) and Ugwu (Telfairia occidentalis) using soaking soxhlet methods of extraction. The physical properties examined are moisture content, ash content, crude protein, fat and oil, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The chemical properties examined are Acid value (mgKOH/g), saponification value, iodine value, free fatty acid, peroxide and refractive index. Higher mean values of moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates were noticed in Ugwu than in Ugba under soaking method. However, the trend was reversed for crude protein and free fatty acid, in whose case they appear to be higher in Ugba than in Ugwu. For soxhlet method, moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates seems to have higher mean values in Ugwu seed compared to when Ugba seed was used. However, crude protein and fat and oil content were higher using Ugba seed than Ugwu seed oil. For soaking method, Ugba seed seem to produce higher mean values of sap value, iodine value, and refractive index when compared with Ugwu seed. On the other Ugwu, seems to produce acid value, free fatty acid and peroxide value when compared with ugba for soaking method. Using soxhlet apparatus however, Ugba seed produces higher mean values for acid value, sap value, iodine value, and free fatty acid compared to Ugwu. The reverse was the case with peroxide and refractive index, still with soxhlet apparatus
Effects of permeability and electric field on nonlinear Oberbeck Electro-convection in a vertical poorly conducting fluid saturated porous channel
Get PDFThe effects of permeability on nonlinear Oberbeck Electro-convection in a poorly conducting fluid saturated porous medium in a vertical channel, when the walls are held at different temperatures with temperature difference perpendicular to gravity, is studied using the modified Navier stokes equation in the presence of both induced and an applied electric field. Both analytical and numerical solutions for the non-linear coupled equations governing the motion are obtained and found that analytical solutions agree well with numerical solutions for values of the buoyancy parameter N <1. It is shown that OBEC can be controlled by maintaining the temperature difference either in the same direction or opposing the potential difference with a suitable value of electric number W. The effect of W on velocity, temperature, rate of heat transfer, skin friction and mass flow rate are computed and the results are depicted graphically. We found that the analytical solutions for velocity and temperature distributions are in close agreement with those obtained from the numerical method for small values of N. We also found that an increase in W accelerates the flow and hence increases linearly the skin friction and mass flow rate. Further, the velocity and temperature have the same behavior for different values of porous parameter when the temperature difference and the potential difference are in the same or in the opposite directions
Archaea: Underestimated Domain in Pharmaceutical Quality Control
Get PDFQuality control monitoring of microbiological attribute of the pharmaceutical environment - including pharmaceutical water and compressed gases- and products is an essential prerequisite to judge the goodness of the manufacturing environment and safe release of the pharmaceutical article into the market, respectively. While most of the quality control tests mainly focus on detection and/or enumeration of both bacteria and fungi, Archaea were not considered on regular testing despite the fact that they are widely distributed in nature and found in human body. Conventional culture techniques in laboratories are not suitable for most members of Archaea. The ever-growing number of patients with a defective immune system - accompanied by increasing list of objectionable microbes - highlights the potential risk that may emerge from underestimating other non-culturable microorganisms on traditional microbiological media even if it has not shown any signs of pathogenesis till now. The pharmaceutical technology should overcome this barrier to guard against any possible outbreaks provisionally that may emerge from creeping microbes undetected to the body of patients in addition to the possible spoiling of pharmaceutical products, especially those with significant water activity
Validation of developed method by RP-HPLC for simultaneous estimation of famotidine and ibuprofen in human plasma and studying the stability of the drugs in plasma
Get PDFThe RP-HPLC separation was carried out by reverse phase chromatography on a Symmetry C18 (4.6 x 150 mm, 3.5 μm, make: XTerra) with a mobile phase composed of sodium dihydrogen ortho phosphate [pH 2.5] and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 v/v in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The run time was maintained for 8.0 min. The detection was monitored at 236 nm. The accuracy was calculated in human plasma and the % recovery was found 99.80 - 99.85 for famotidine and 99.56 -99.85.5 for ibuprofen and reproducibility was found to be satisfactory. The calibration curve for famotidine in human plasma was linear over 3.32 to 6.65 μg/mL and 100- 200 μg/mL for ibuprofen in human plasma respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precision in human plasma was found within limits. The proposed method has adequate sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity for the determination of famotidine and ibuprofen in plasma. The LLOQ obtained by the proposed method in human plasma were 1.24 and 5.0 μg/mL for famotidine and ibuprofen respectively. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, and precise for the quantification of famotidine and ibuprofen in plasma as per the ICH guidelines
Application of anthropometric approach in lessening disorders and stress-related issues
Get PDF Local weaving is an occupation of making a local type of clothing in the South Western and some part of North-central Nigeria using local methods of weaving. This kind of clothing is called “aso-òkè”. This method is an age-long one, which persist until today. However, due to the shortage of white collar jobs and there is little or no production of clothing materials by the nation’s several textile companies coupled with the desire for the traditional wears as a form of social class, the number of youths involved in this vocation as a means of livelihood has increased considerably over the last few years. In consideration of previous studies, which have reported many health disorders and stress that arises from the uncomfortable sitting positions and unsuitable seats at work, anthropometric data obtained from some of the male local weavers in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria were analyzed. This study was designed to determine the ergonomic suitability of local weavers’ seat and to propose ergonomically viable dimensions that will lessen disorders and pains. A standard dimension of an ergonomic chair that will help ease the disorder and stress-related injuries and illness experienced by these workers was proposed. A total of 100 male local weavers participated in this study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, range and percentile. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the former seat being used and the anthropometric variables measured. The proposed dimensions from the study include Seat Height (40.3- 46.2 cm), Seat Breadth (36.5-41.8 cm) and Seat Backrest (49.6-60.2 cm). It was concluded that the seat being used by the local weavers in carrying out their daily work is not ergonomically suitable. Further studies that will include female weavers as well as weavers and other professionals from the South Western part of the country is envisaged. Apart from proposing standard dimension, this study presents several anthropometric data from North Central Nigerians, which could help production companies in the developing and developed world in designing appropriate workstations, worktables, office chairs for use in some part of the country
Performance analysis of microcontroller based electronic load controller
Get PDFThe paper ‘Performance Analysis of Microcontroller based Electronic Load Controller’ is an approach for design, fabrication and performance analysis of microcontroller based ELC for 300 Watt Pico hydro controller. Electronic Load Controller (ELC) is an approach for regulating total power in the system with Pico-hydro power plant. The paper presents a unique method to maintain the system performance by regulating the generated power. The system voltage and current is measured by microcontroller to calculate the consumer power. Based upon the consumer power the dump power is varied accordingly. The performance analysis of ELC unit was done with power source from Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) grid line as well as with separately excited induction generator under various loading conditions. The different resistive, capacitive and inductive loads were taken into consideration and the performance of the system based on voltage, current and power profiles were obtained
Validation of developed method by RP-HPLC for estimation of Prasugrelin human plasma and studying the stability of the drugs in plasma
Get PDFThis paper is concern with a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) bio-analytical method development and validation for Prasugrel in human plasma using photo diode array detector (PDA detector). The HPLC separation was carried out in an isocratic mode on an X-Terra C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm; 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate [pH 3.0] and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The run time was maintained for 5 mins and the detection was monitored at 210 nm. The percentage recovery was found 99.61-100.06 in human plasma. This reveals that the method is quite accurate. The linearity was found 15-40 μg/mL in human plasma. The inter-day and intra-day precision in plasma was found within the limits. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) obtained by the proposed method was 0.05 μg/mL. The percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) obtained for the drug spiked in plasma for stability studies were less than 2 %