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An identity for Stirling numbers of the second kind
Get PDFWe obtain an identity satisfied by the Stirling numbers of the second kind.
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 13, No. 1, 2017, Page: 95-9
Effect of Feeding Materials on Yield, Quality of Vermicompost, Multiplication and Reproduction of Eisenia Foetida
Get PDFThe most promising earthworm species used for vermicomposting is Eisenia foetida for their tolerance in wide range of moisture levels and temperatures. The earthworms (E. foetida) were grown in cow dung wastes and cow dung wastes supplemented with plant materials of banana pseudo-stem, leaf litter and sawdust respectively. The earthworm population, cocoon number, vermicompost amount, macronutrient contents (N, P, and K), microbial population, pH and electrical conductivity were examined to assess the effect of animal waste (cow dung) and plant material mix on multiplication, reproduction, yield and vermicompost qualities of E. foetida. The multiplication and reproduction were achieved highest in the mixture of cow dung and sawdust vermicompost and lowest in the mixture of cow dung and banana pseudo-stem vermicompost. But the amount of vermicompost was found to be highest in cow dung as sole source of feeding material as compared to the cow dung mixed with plant materials. High quality vermicompost containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and greater microbial population was produced from the mixture of cow dung and banana pseudostem vermicompost as compared to other mixtures. All these vermicomposts showed acceptable level of pH and electrical conductivity values
Efficacy of Toothpaste in Reducing Micro-Flora Isolated from Toothbrush
Get PDFOral cavity is the easiest site of entry of microorganisms during breathing, eating, drinking and brushing which can lead to several bacterial infections in oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, gastrointestinal tracts etc. Toothbrushes commonly used to maintain oral health and prevent dental disease; but unfortunately, how keeping the toothbrush is neglected. A wide range of chemicals have been added to toothpastes in order to produce a direct inhibitory effect on plaque formation and kill microorganisms. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between toothbrush keeping place, its microbial content determine the type of micro-flora present in toothbrush kept in different locations and to determine efficacy of toothpaste in reducing micro-flora isolated from toothbrush. Used toothbrushes were taken from 21 individuals. 2 (1 herbal and 1 regular) toothpastes were selected for the study and were collected from local market. Standard pour plate method and plate count method were performed to determine the reduction of microbial load. Out of 21 toothbrushes, 19 (90.48%) were found to be growth positive and 2 (9.52%) were growth negative. Common Gram positive organisms isolates includes Lactobacillus species (20%), Bacillus subtilis (5%), Bacillus megaterium (5%), Stahpylococcus aureus (25%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10%), Micrococcus species (10%) and Gram negative organisms isolated include Citrobacter freundii (5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Enterobacter species (5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (5%). Toothbrushes kept in the toilet/bathroom showed contamination with pathogens. Toothpaste T1 was found to be better at reducing microbial load compared to T2. Toilet/bathroom is the worst place for keeping toothbrushes. Toothpastes have their own patent, specialty and were found to be effective against the microorganisms. Synergistic interactions between the principal components of toothpaste can be considered to be a vital part of their efficacy
Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of dimenhydrinate by using co-processed superdisintegrants
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to formulate orodispersible tablets of Dimenhydrinate for quick relief of emesis. Orodispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression method using co-processed super-disintegrants. Co-processed super-disintegrants are the mixture of crospovidone and guar gum in different ratios. The powder mixtures and tablets were subjected to various pre-compression and post-compression evaluations. IR spectroscopy showed no interaction between drug and other excipients. Angle of repose and Carr’s index was found in the range of 23.89°-28.27° and 23.29-15.48 respectively. These results indicated that powder mixtures showed good to acceptable flow properties. All formulations containing co-processed super-disintegrant showed short disintegration time (38.23-17.67 s) and maximum water absorption ratio 73.39%-91.35% compared to control formulation (3.54 min wetting time). Among all formulation F7 containing crospovidone: guar gum in 1:3 ratio showed highest percentage of drug release (98.89%) in 30 min, which is due to high degree of swelling caused by guar gum along with rapid hydration of tablets by crospovidone. Formulation F7 was subjected for 3 months of stability studies; results reviled that the tablet formulation was stable throughout the study period. In conclusion the obtained results suggested that orodispersible tablets of Dimenhydrinate with rapid disintegration and fast drug release can be successfully formulated by employing co-processed super-disintegrants. 
Stability Analysis and Design of Rock Support for Tunnel and cavern of Kathmandu University Geo-lab
Get PDF This study focuses on the design and stability analysis of underground structures in the Lesser Himalayan Region of Nepal. The rock support design for such opening depends upon the rock mass strength. In this study a proposed Kathmandu University Geo-Lab tunnel and cavern, which passes through weak rock mass conditions, was used as a case study. Existing empirical and analytical methods for the stability of the proposed tunnel and cavern are used for the estimation of support pressure and design support. A detailed numerical study was carried out in 2D finite element analysis to design the tunnel in such region. The results of analysis showed that the support pressure and deformation can be predicted very well from the numerical analysis
Suitability of Electronic Nose as a Reflective Tool to the Measurement of Soil Fertility Factors
Get PDFHumic Acid (HA) and Fulvic Acid (FA) contribute prominently to soil fertility. They are aromatic in nature and hence can be determined by sensory array. This is apparently the first report on the employment of Electronic nose (E-nose) to detect HA and FA extracted from soil. The aim was to evaluate the E-nose sensor response to HA and FA chemically extracted from different agricultural soils. Humic acid and Fulvic acid were extracted from collected agricultural soils and the aroma was measured by E-nose from each of the seven soils. Their presence was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The Norm Aroma Index (NAI) was measured for: soil, soil after heat treatment, heat treated soil amended with extracted HA, heat treated soil amended with extracted FA, extracted HA and extracted FA. The NAI values were descending in the order: heat treated soil amended with extracted HA/FA, extracted HA/FA, soil (untreated) and heat treated soil. This indicates that HA and FA are detected by E-nose. It was also observed that the most sensitive sensors were 2, 3, 4, 8 and 5 for all agricultural soils tested. Out of the eight sensors in the sensory array of E-nose, above mentioned sensors consistently exhibited high response and these sensors when customized into a small unit may act as a soil fertility tester
BEST PROXIMITY POINT FOR CYCLIC CONTRACTION IN G-METRIC SPACE
Get PDFIn this paper, we introduce the results of best proximity point in G-metric spaces for the cyclic contraction mapping with an example that illustrates the usability of the obtained results
DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC TILES FROM WASTE BOTTLE POWDER (MILLED GLASS)
Get PDF Ceramic tiles were produced from a varying mixture of clay and milled glass and the physio-chemical properties of the samples were determined. 0–70% weight milled glass was added to clay mineral. Seven samples were obtained before the clay which serves as binder was not able to hold the mixture together. It was discovered that the porosity of the tiles increased as the percentage weight of the clay material decreased and milled glass increased. Also, the compressive strength of the tiles peaked at sample 5 (60% clay & 40% milled glass). Results obtained showed that samples containing from 30-60% weight of milled glass in proportion with clay percentage had the best formulation properties
FIXED FUZZY POINT THEOREMS IN FUZZY METRIC SPACE
Get PDF In this paper, we have established some fixed fuzzy point theorems and common fixed fuzzy point theorems for fuzzy mappings satisfying a contractive type condition other than fuzzy Banach contractive type condition in complete fuzzy metric spaces
COMMON COUPLED FIXED POINTS FOR TWO PAIRS OF w -COMPATIBLE MAPS IN PARTIAL G -METRIC SPACES
Get PDFIn this paper we prove a unique common coupled fixed point theorem for two pairs of w-compatible mappings satisfying two contractive conditions in partial G-metric spaces. We also furnish an example to support our main theorem