Journals Poznań University of Economics and Business
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Job insecurity and job performance as the key research issues of the modern labor market
Get PDFThe analysis of the contemporary labour market requires consideration and multidimensional interpretation of the concept of "insecurity" in relation to employment and job retention, as well as changes in working circumstances. It points to correlations between the concept of uncertainty and work efficiency and time. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between job insecurity and productivity by looking at two important research issues that have received relatively little empirical attention so far. An intra-individual model is presented here, combining job insecurity, understood as a more or less continuous and long-term stress factor, with work efficiency. It was pointed out that job insecurity changes over time, and employees achieve better professional results feeling confident in their future in the workplace. It presents the mechanisms underlying job insecurity and labour productivity. A thesis has been proposed according to which the relationship between job insecurity and self-assessment of work performance may be non-linear, or more precisely "U-shaped". According to this perspective, it has been suggested that job insecurity negatively affects work productivity by weakening occupational energy, the so-called vigor, enthusiasm for work. The article can be a starting point for further studies on the problem job insecurity
New technologies in the financial industry: case of Poland
Get PDFThis study evaluates the scope and consequences of the application of new technologies (NTs) within the Polish banking and insurance sectors and thus contributes to the knowledge of CEE financial market development. The goal is to understand the implementation of particular NTs in two different sectors and identify the motivations, strategies, phases of realisation and cost efficiency depending on the institution’s size. The detail of the study requires the use of qualitative research methods. In-depth interviews are employed to figure out the criteria based on which decisions to implement NTs are made. The findings indicate that the primary objective of NT implementation is to respond to customers’ needs, followed by cost-cutting and achieving more efficient internal processes. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in risk management areas is still a work in progress. In the next five years cloud computing is expected to become the most important NT and thus will have to meet numerous regulatory requirements
Food security of Ukraine: national and global level
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to examine the level of food security in Ukraine in comparison to global regions and European countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. For this purpose a variety of indicators were examined including population dynamics, food balance, FAO indicators and the Global Food Security Index. The results show that in spite of its agricultural potential Ukraine is behind the global and European indicators of food security with the exception of fish products. Barriers to achieving high levels of food security include incomplete legislative reforms, inadequate funding, infrastructure deficiencies, corruption and non-compliance with standards. International cooperation and improved national and regional strategies are needed to overcome the consequences of the war
Modèle d\u27élasticité de prix/demande du point de vue bayésien: le cas d\u27une entreprise de détail chilienne
No full textThis project presents data from a Chilean retail firm to model elasticity from a Bayesian perspective. Elasticity measures the behavior of products based on price and demand. It can be obtained through linear regressions of the logarithm of prices and units sold. The problem arises with discounts, special days, etc. This temporal relationship causes biases in the estimates that the company compensates for by performing a chain of regressions. Bayesian statistics fixes a distribution for the parameters, and then, with plausibility, uses Bayes' rule to obtain a posteriori distribution. The project uses an a priori NormalGamma-Inverse to specify the linear regression model. For the application, we obtain the line level elasticities through the classical model and the product elasticities with the Bayesian model, incorporating the line information. Through a t-test we conclude that the average of the chain elasticities does not differ from those obtained by the Bayesian model. Therefore, by complementing the two points of view, we obtain good results that can be used in trade.(original abstract)This project presents data from a Chilean retail firm to model elasticity from a Bayesian perspective. Elasticity measures the behavior of products based on price and demand. It can be obtained through linear regressions of the logarithm of prices and units sold. The problem arises with discounts, special days, etc. This temporal relationship causes biases in the estimates that the company compensates for by performing a chain of regressions. Bayesian statistics fixes a distribution for the parameters, and then, with plausibility, uses Bayes ’ rule to obtain a posteriori distribution. The project uses an a priori Normal-Gamma-Inverse to specify the linear regression model. For the application, we obtain the line level elasticities through the classical model and the product elasticities with the Bayesian model, incorporating the line information. Through a t-test we conclude that the average of the chain elasticities does not differ from those obtained by the Bayesian model. Therefore, by complementing the two points of view, we obtain good results that can be used in trade.Ce projet présente les données d\u27une entreprise chilienne de détail pour modeler l\u27élasticité d\u27un point de vue bayésien. L\u27élasticité mesure le comportement des produits sur la base des prix et de la demande. Elle peut être obtenue à travers des régressions linéaires du logarithme des prix et les unités vendues. Le problème se pose avec les réductions, les jours spéciaux, etc. Cette relation temporelle provoque des biais dans les estimations que l\u27entreprise compense en réalisant une chaîne de régressions. La statistique Bayésienne fixe une distribution pour les paramètres, et ensuite, avec la plausibilité, utilise la règle de Bayes pour obtenir une distribution a posteriori. Le projet utilise une a priori Normal-Gamma- -Inverse pour spécifier le modèle de régression linéaire. Pour l\u27application, on obtient les élasticités au niveau de ligne à travers le modèle classique et les élasticités de produit avec le modèle bayésien, en incorporant l\u27information de la ligne. A travers un t-test on conclut que la moyenne des élasticités de la chaîne ne diffère pas de celles obtenues par le modèle bayésien. Par conséquent, en complémentant les deux points de vue, on obtient de bons résultats qui peuvent être utilisés dans le commerce
Les déterminants de la productivité agricole dans les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne
No full textPurpose : In this paper, we analysed the determinants of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan African countries. Design/methodology/approach : The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used for data analysis. The study focused on 27 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and covers the period from 2001 to 2018. Findings : The results show that the level of current productivity has a positive and significant effect on the level of future productivity in the countries of the sub-Saharan Africa. This states that if these countries want to achieve substantial productivity gains in future periods, they must begin to improve their current productivity levels. The results also show that credit granted to the agricultural sector and infrastructure improve agricultural productivity. Sub-Saharan African countries should increase investments in infrastructure and strengthen financing mechanisms for the agricultural sector, particularly through the development of agricultural input credits for small producers. Originality/value : In order to analyse the determinants of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan African countries, we integrate the lagged value of agricultural productivity as an explanatory variable. The existence of such a relationship explains why agricultural productivity has hardly changed in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa on the one hand and on the other hand the high proportion of the workforce over time in the agricultural sector of these countries unlike developed countries.(original abstract)Purpose : In this paper, we analysed the determinants of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan African countries.
Design/methodology/approach : The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used for data analysis. The study focused on 27 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and covers the period from 2001 to 2018.
Findings : The results show that the level of current productivity has a positive and signif- icant effect on the level of future productivity in the countries of the sub-Saharan Africa. This states that if these countries want to achieve substantial productivity gains in future periods, they must begin to improve their current productivity levels. The results also show that credit granted to the agricultural sector and infrastructure improve agricultural productivity. Sub-Saharan African countries should increase investments in infrastructure and strengthen financing mechanisms for the agricultural sector, particularly through the development of agricultural input credits for small producers.
Originality/value : In order to analyse the determinants of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan African countries, we integrate the lagged value of agricultural productivity as an explanatory variable. The existence of such a relationship explains why agricultural productivity has hardly changed in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa on the one hand and on the other hand the high proportion of the workforce in the agricultural sector of these countries unlike developed countries.L\u27objectif : Dans ce papier, nous avons analysé les déterminants de la productivité agricole dans les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : La méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) a été retenue pour l\u27analyse des données. L\u27étude a porté sur 27 pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne et couvre la période allant de 2001 à 2018
Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le niveau de productivité actuelle à un effet positif et significatif sur le niveau de productivité future dans les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne. Cela stipule que si ces pays veulent réaliser des gains substantiels de productivité pour les périodes à venir, ils doivent dès lors commencer à améliorer leur niveau de productivité actuelle. Les résultats montrent également que le crédit accordé au secteur agricole et les infrastructures permettent d\u27améliorer la productivité agricole. Les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne devraient accroître les investissements dans les infrastructures et renforcer les mécanismes de financement du secteur agricole notamment à travers le développement des crédits intrants agricoles pour les petits producteurs.
Originalité/valeur : Afin d\u27analyser les déterminants de la productivité agricole dans les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne, nous intégrons la valeur retardée de la productivité agricole comme variable explicative. L\u27existence d\u27une telle relation explique pourquoi la productivité agricole n\u27a guère évolué dans les pays de l\u27Afrique subsaharienne d\u27une part et d\u27autre part la forte proportion de la main d\u27œuvre au fil du temps dans le secteur agricole de ces pays contrairement aux pays développés
Correspondance entre formations et emplois : Cas des diplômés de la FSHSE/ULSHB
No full textPurpose : The main objective of this paper was to identify the factors that are likely to influence FSHSE graduates to access a job related to the initial training field. Design/methodology/approach : The data used in this study came from a personal survey of two hundred and three (203) FSHSE graduates. The methodological approach relied mainly on the construction and estimation of a multinomial logistic regression model for factor identification. Findings : The results obtained by estimating the multinomial logistic model revealed a number of factors explaining graduates' access to jobs corresponding to their initial training. These factors are: training stream, type of diploma, age group, internship, place of residence, parents' social background. Originality/value : As a theoretical contribution, this study enriches the theoretical literature supported by theorists of human capital and the conclusions that have been put forward in other empirical works. From a methodological point of view, the originality of this study lies in the fact that it focuses on the problem of matching initial training to jobs in the specific case of the FSHSE. In addition to the enriching theoretical and methodological contributions, our research also enables us to make proposals to FSHSE managers and to enlighten employment decision-makers.(original abstract)
Purpose : The main objective of this paper was to identify the factors that are likely to influence FSHSE graduates to access a job related to the initial training field.
Design/methodology/approach : The data used in this study came from a personal survey of two hundred and three (203) FSHSE graduates. The methodological approach relied mainly on the construction and estimation of a multinomial logistic regression model for factor identification.
Findings : The results obtained by estimating the multinomial logistic model revealed a number of factors explaining graduates’ access to jobs corresponding to their initial training. These factors are: training stream, type of diploma, age group, internship, place of residence, parents’ social background.
Originality/value : As a theoretical contribution, this study enriches the theoretical lit- erature supported by theorists of human capital and the conclusions that have been put forward in other empirical works. From a methodological point of view, the originality of this study lies in the fact that it focuses on the problem of matching initial training to jobs in the specific case of the FSHSE. In addition to the enriching theoretical and methodological contributions, our research also enables us to make proposals to FSHSE managers and to enlighten employment decision-makers.L\u27objectif : L\u27objectif principal de ce papier était d\u27identifier les facteurs qui sont susceptibles d\u27influencer les diplômés de la FSHSE pour accéder à un emploi lié au domaine de formation initiale.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : Les données utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude sont issues d\u27une enquête personnelle, qui a été réalisée auprès de deux cent trois (203) diplômés de la FSHSE, l\u27approche méthodologique s\u27appuie principalement sur la construction et l\u27estimation d\u27un modèle de régression logistique multinomial pour l\u27identification des facteurs.
Résultats : Les résultats obtenus à travers l\u27estimation du modèle logistique multinomial, ont révélé un certain nombre de facteurs expliquant dans l\u27accès des diplômés à l\u27emploi correspondant à leur domaine de formation initiale. Ces facteurs sont à savoir : la filière de formation, le type de diplôme, la tranche d\u27âge, le stage, le milieu de résidence, l\u27origine sociale des parents. Originalité/valeur : Comme apport théorique, cette étude vient d\u27enrichir la littérature théorique soutenue par les théoriciens du capital humain et les conclusions qui ont été avancées dans d\u27autres travaux empiriques. Au plan méthodologique, l\u27originalité de cette étude réside du fait qu\u27on s\u27intéresse au problème d\u27adéquation entre formations initiales et emplois dans le cas spécifique de la FSHSE. En dehors des contributions théoriques et méthodologiques enrichissantes, notre travail de recherche permet également de faire des propositions aux responsables de la FSHSE et éclairer les décideurs d\u27emplois sur le problème d\u27adéquation entre formations et emplois afin de trouver des solutions
The weak-form efficiency of cryptocurrencies
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the weak-form efficiency of some of the most capitalised cryptocurrencies. The sample consisted of 24 cryptocurrencies selected out of 30 cryptocurrencies with the highest market capitalisation as of October 19, 2022. Stablecoins were not considered. The study covered the period from January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2022. The results of robust martingale difference hypothesis tests suggest that the examined cryptocurrencies were efficient most of the time. However, their efficiency turned out to be time-varying, which validates the adaptive market hypothesis. No evidence was found for the impact of the coronavirus outbreak and the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the weak-form efficiency of the examined cryptocurrencies. The differences in efficiency between the most efficient cryptocurrencies and the least efficient ones were noticeable, but not large. The results also allowed to observe some slight differences in efficiency between the cryptocurrencies with the largest market cap and cryptocurrencies with the lowest market cap. However, the differences between the two groups were too small to draw any far-reaching conclusions about a positive relationship between the market cap and efficiency. The obtained results also did not allow us to detect any trends in efficiency
On the stability of a certain Keynes-Metzler‑Goodwin monetary growth model
Get PDFThe article has three aims. The first aim is to develop an improved version of the Keynes-Metzler-Goodwin (the KMG) monetary growth model originally presented and analysed in a series of publications by Carl Chiarella, Peter Flaschel and Willi Semler. The improvement of the model is obtained by modifying some of its equations in a way which ensures that they reflect real macroeconomic dependencies more properly. The equations that have been modified describe final demand expectations, determinants of production decisions, fixed capital accumulation, tax revenues, government budget deficit and money demand. The second aim is to transform the model into an intensive form described by seven non-linear differential equations and determine its unique steady state which shows proportions between variables on the balanced growth path. The third ultimate aim is to present a mathematical proof that the new improved version of the KMG model is locally asymptotically stable
The adaptive market hypothesis and the return predictability in the cryptocurrency markets
Get PDFThis study employs robust martingale difference hypothesis tests to examine return predictability in a broad sample of the 40 most capitalized cryptocurrency markets in the context of the adaptive market hypothesis. The tests were applied to daily returns using the rolling window method in the research period from May 1, 2013 to September 30, 2022. The results of this study suggest that the returns of the majority of the examined cryptocurrencies were unpredictable most of the time. However, a great part of them also suffered some short periods of weak-form inefficiency. The results obtained validate the adaptive market hypothesis. Additionally, this study allowed the observation of some differences in return predictability between the examined cryptocurrencies. Also some historical trends in weak-form efficiency were identified. The results suggest that the predictability of cryptocurrency returns might have decreased in recent years also no significant relationship between market cap and predictability was observed