Journals Poznań University of Economics and Business
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Commerce des services et inégalites des revenus en Afrique
No full textPurpose – The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of trade in services on income inequality in Africa.
Design/methodology/approach – Panel data from 46 African countries were estimated using the Least Square Dummy Variable Corrected (LSDVC) estimator.
Findings – The estimation results show significant inverse relationship between trade in services and income inequality in Africa.
Originality/value – This paper fills the gap that exists in the economic literature regarding the measurement of the effects of trade in services, the importance of which only came to light with the Uruguay Round negotiations and the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 1995.L’objectif – L’objectif de ce papier est d’analyser les effets du commerce des services sur les inégalités de revenu en Afrique
Conception/méthodologie/approche – Les données de panel de 46 pays africains ont été estimées à l’aide l’estimateur des moindres carrés avec les variables muettes corrigées (Least Square Dummy Variable Corrected, LSDVC).
Résultats – Les résultats des estimations révèlent une relation inverse et significative entre le commerce des services et les inégalités de revenus en Afrique.
Originalité/valeur – Ce papier comble le gap qui existe dans la littérature économique quant à la mesure des effets du commerce des services dont l’importance n’est révélée qu’avec les négociations du cycle d’Uruguay avec la création de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) en janvier 1995
Écart salarial femmes-hommes sur le marché du travail au Cameroun : Plafond de verre ou plancher collant?
No full textPurpose: This article aims to verify whether the sources of salary inequalities between women and men on the labor market in Cameroon result from the existence of a glass ceiling and/or a sticky floor.
Design/methodology/approach: The method chosen is that of quantile regressions supplemented by the quantile decomposition technique.
Findings: The results obtained support the existence of a sticky floor and reject that of a glass ceiling. They show that male/female wage inequalities decrease as we move up the wage distribution. At the top of the distribution, the wage gap to the detriment of women mainly finds its source in differences in observable individual characteristics, while at the bottom of the distribution, this gap is more due to factors exogenous to these observable characteristics.
Originality/value – Our paper highlights the fact that, in the labor market in Cameroon, the level of discrimination against women is a decreasing function of salary quintiles. Which is both an original result and at first glance paradoxical insofar as one would have expected that possible discrimination would be more significant at the level of the best paid jobs. Thus, women in Cameroon should aim to compete for highly paid jobs as there, they are less exposed to the risk of discrimination.L’objectif : cet article vise à vérifier si les sources des inégalités salariales entre les femmes et les hommes sur le marché du travail au Cameroun résultent de l’existence d’un plafond de verre et/ou d’un plancher collant.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : la méthode retenue est celle des régressions quantiles complétées par la technique de décomposition quantile
Résultats : Les résultats obtenus soutiennent l’existence d’un plancher collant et recusent celle d’un plafond de verre. Ils montrent que les inégalités hommes /femmes de salaires décroissent au fur et à mesure que l’on s’élève le long de la distribution des salaires. Au sommet de la distribution, l’écart salarial au détriment des femmes trouve principalement sa source dans les différences de caractéristiques individuelles observables, alors qu’au bas de la distribution, cet écart est davantage dû à des facteurs exogènes à ces caractéristiques observables.
Originalité/valeur : Notre article met en évidence le fait que, sur le marché du travail au Cameroun, le niveau de discrimination au détriment des femmes est une fonction décroissante des quintiles salariaux. Ce qui est à la fois un résultat original et de prime abord paradoxal dans la mesure où on se serait attendu à ce que d’éventuelles discriminations soient plus prégnantes au niveaux des emplois les mieux rémunérés. Ainsi, les femmes du Cameroun devraient viser à concourir pour des emplois hautement rémunérés dans la mesure où elles y sont moins exposées au risque de discrimination
Third time lucky: An analysis of Paris’ bids for the Olympic Games in 2008, 2012 and 2024
No full textHosting the Olympic Games has become a unique occasion to implement several projects aimed at upgrading public infrastructure and improving the economic performance of the host city. Thus, some cities are so determined to host the Olympics that they decide to bid multiple times. One of the examples of such a city is Paris, which since the 2000s has submitted its bids three times, for 2008, 2012, and 2024, of which the last attempt turned out to be successful. Based on the above, the main aim of this article is to present the trajectory of changes and developments made by the three successive bid attempts, with an emphasis on the latest successful campaign. This study demonstrates that there are some recurrent ideas, projects, and plans shared by each bid with some modifications to emphasize their uniqueness, novelty, and up-to-date approach. In some aspects, the Paris 2024 bid builds on its previous candidature from 2012 in the field of long-term legacy effects and sustainability. Therefore, there is a consistent action taken by the bid managers and city authorities in terms of using the Olympic Games as a tool for urban regeneration and sports development
Market beta coefficient and enterprise risk management: A literature review
Full text linkOne of the significant factors in the valuation of publicly listed firms is their market beta coefficient, commonly utilised in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) as a proxy for stock volatility directly affecting market value. This article’s primary purpose is to explore the theoretical basis for future empirical research into the relationship between the market beta coefficient and enterprise risk management (ERM). The author explores academic literature about various researched variables affecting the market beta coefficient in the context of the neoclassical capital asset pricing model, which was founded on the premise of an efficient market hypothesis.
Artificial intelligence—friend or foe in fake news campaigns
Full text linkIn this paper the impact of large language models (LLM) on the fake news phenomenon is analysed. On the one hand decent text‐generation capabilities can be misused for mass fake news production. On the other, LLMs trained on huge volumes of text have already accumulated information on many facts thus one may assume they could be used for fact‐checking. Experiments were designed and conducted to verify how much LLM responses are aligned with actual fact‐checking verdicts. The research methodology consists of an experimental dataset preparation and a protocol for interacting with ChatGPT, currently the most sophisticated LLM. A research corpus was explicitly composed for the purpose of this work consisting of several thousand claims randomly selected from claim reviews published by fact‐checkers. Findings include: it is difficult to align the responses of ChatGPT with explanations provided by fact‐checkers; prompts have significant impact on the bias of responses. ChatGPT at the current state can be used as a support in fact‐checking but cannot verify claims directly
How to fly to safety without overpaying for the ticket
Full text linkFor most active investors treasury bonds (govs) provide diversification and thus reduce the risk of a portfolio. These features of govs become particularly desirable in times of elevated risk which materialize in the form of the flight-to-safety (FTS) phenomenon. The FTS for govs provides a shelter during market turbulence and is exceptionally beneficial for portfolio drawdown risk reduction. However what if the unsatisfactory expected return from treasuries discourages higher bonds allocations? This research proposes a solution to this problem with Deep Target Volatility Equity-Bond Allocation (DTVEBA) that dynamically allocate portfolios between equity and treasuries. The strategy is driven by a state-of-the-art recurrent neural network (RNN) that predicts next-day market volatility. An analysis conducted over a twelve year out-of-sample period found that with DTVEBA an investor may reduce treasury allocation by two (three) times to get the same Sharpe (Calmar) ratio and overperforms the S&P500 index by 43% (115%)
The definition and taxonomy of collaborative housing as bottom-up and community-based forms of meeting housing needs in Poland
Full text linkThe concept of collaborative housing emerged in Poland less than a decade ago. From the historical perspective, living in a community has a long tradition. In Poland, the first projects operating similarly to collaborative housing initiatives emerged right after World War I, when destroyed cities experienced scarcity of flats and houses. Currently, the form and conditions to be met by pro- jects in order to be classified into collaborative housing as under- stood nowadays are changing. The concept is based on collaborative housing projects successfully operating in the countries of Western Europe. In Poland, only few such investments have been established (Nowe Żerniki, Kooperatywa Mieszkaniowa Pomorze and Kooperatywa Mieszkaniowa Konstancin – this project is constructed with support of Habitat for Humanity Poland). In the face of the ongoing socioeconomic changes, however, they might become an interesting alternative to commercial housing construction.
The Consumption of Lifetime and consumption habits in the face of pandemic
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to present the concept of Consumption of Lifetime developed by the author and to show the impact of the phenomenon of digitalisation of society on decisions related to this concept. The author conducts an analysis in the context of consumption of lifetime to show the phenomenon of digitalisation and society’s consumption decisions. The process of digitalisation was particularly visible during the pandemic and the restrictions related to it, when education, work and interpersonal contacts were made possible with the use of devices connected to the Internet. These devices were also often used to make remote purchases. The implementation of the article made it possible to formulate research questions and conclusions that confirm the importance of considering decisions related to the consumption of lifetime in the period of ongoing digitalisation of society. Another interesting issue is the post-pandemic period, in which it is possible to observe whether consumption returns to the pre-pandemic state and previous purchasing behaviour. Currently, there is a noticeable tendency to return to the permanent consumption habits observed prior to the pandemic
Formulary apportionment in the European Union – future research agenda
Full text linkThis paper is focused on the Formulary Apportionment, to be used within the European Union, hence, to replace the Separate Accounting and arm’s length principle. Reflecting upon the announced European Commission’s Proposal for new framework for business taxation and the foreseeable upswing of the academic discussion focused on the Formulary Apportionment methodology, this paper represents the first systematic literature review on this topic. The main aim of the paper is to identify the relevant prior research, explore the current literature and develop directions for future research. The study identifies eight main thematic clusters, provides an interpretative framework, and suggests valuable future research directions within each thematic cluster as well as general future research agenda
The relationship between social capital and economic growth on a provincial and regional basis
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between economic growth and social capital on both a provincial and regional basis in Turkey during the period of 2007-2018. In the study, in which the social capital index was used as a current and comprehensive variable to represent social capital, the relations between the variables were analyzed with the panel Granger causality test. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was determined that there is a unilateral causality relationship from GDP to SOCAP in 16 provinces, from SOCAP to GDP in 9 provinces, and bilateral causality in 45 provinces. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found in 11 provinces