Journals Poznań University of Economics and Business
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Assessment of the competitive position of foreign thermal coal trade in European countries in 2010–2023
Full text linkThe main objective of this study was to present changes in the competitiveness of foreign thermal coal trade in European countries in the years 2010–2023. The research used the adjusted RCA index, the Trade Coverage Index and the Import Penetration Index. The research results indicate that there has been a dynamic and diversified nature of the changes in the competitive position of foreign coal trade in Europe. Although many European countries are gradually moving away from the use of coal, there are still countries that maintain competitiveness in this market, in particular Russia
Fair trade and its role in sustainable development of agri-food system: A systematic literature review
Full text linkThe ‘fair trade’ movement aims to promote equitable trade relations between developed and developing countries. By guaranteeing producers a fair price, it seeks to improve livelihoods of farmers and workers in marginalized regions. This review critically explores Fairtrade certification\u27s impact on economic, social, and environmental sustainability of agri-food systems using PRISMA methodology and SWOT analysis. Key themes emergent from the reviewed papers include sustainable consumption, social equity and women empowerment, and governance in alternative food networks. Most sources focused on consumer behavior and Fairtrade, concluding that consumer-driven strategies are crucial for systemic change and long-term success. Fairtrade still faces obstacles including market competition with other certification schemes and uneven distribution of benefits between producers and supply chain actors. The final retail price is significantly affected by the value added by retailers, contrary to the Fairtrade mission, which can undermine confidence in the system
Financial inclusion and economic growth in Vietnam: Evidence across provinces and income groups
Full text linkThis research aims to examine the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in Vietnam. Using panel data from 63 provinces during 2014–2020, estimations are conducted for both the full sample and across two income groups. Financial inclusion is measured by indicators capturing geographical penetration and using products and services in commercial banks and insurance. The difference-GMM estimation results demonstrate that financial inclusion captured by higher commercial bank branches and using bank accounts, saving passbooks, and ATM cards present significant positive effects on economic growth in Vietnam. In contrast, participating life and non-life insurance shows a non-significant effect. For high-income provinces, participating in life and non-life insurance positively affects economic growth. In addition, the study indicates robust effects of commercial bank branch penetration and using ATM cards in enhancing economic growth in both low-income and high-income localities
Female entrepreneurship in Poland
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to present the issues connected with female entrepreneurship and in particular to analyse the changes in the rates of female entrepreneurship in Poland between the years 1993 and 2010 against the background of the job market situation, as well as identifying the factors which determine the entrepreneurship of women. The dynamics of female entrepreneurship will be contrasted with entrepreneurship among men. The entrepreneurship gender gap in Poland only slightly decreased during the studied period even though the situation of women in the job market is more difficult than that of men, which could engender a negative entrepreneurial motivation. The results of the research show that female entrepreneurship is signifi cantly more susceptible to the influences of the general market situation, measured by GDP, than the entrepreneurship of men. This means that the entrepreneurship gender gap can decrease only when there is long-term economic growth
Theoretical modeling of land between migrants and Son of the Soil: an analysis using game theory
No full textL’objectif: L\u27objectif de cet article est de développer un modèle théorique qui permet d\u27expliquer, à l\u27aide de la théorie des jeux, les interactions stratégiques entre deux agents rationnels : les migrants et les natifs (les fils du sol).
Conception/méthodologie/approche: Ce modèle propose une approche qui révèle certains paramètres clés expliquant le choix entre guerre et paix lorsque les deux parties jouent simultanément. Il montre que si l\u27on néglige les migrations vers les régions riches, la solution pacifique semble toujours dominée par une solution guerrière.
Résultats : Le modèle explique les paramètres susceptibles de favoriser la coopération ou les conflits entre migrants et autochtones. Ainsi, une pression ou des menaces accrues de la part de l\u27une des parties peuvent entraîner une escalade du conflit, car les deux régions sont stratégiquement complémentaires. L\u27amélioration des techniques agricoles, la construction d\u27infrastructures, le développement du capital humain ou toute mesure visant à accroître la productivité agricole facilitent la coopération entre les deux entités.
Originalité/valeur: : L’originalité de cet article réside dans l’application de la théorie des jeux pour analyser les interactions stratégiques entre migrants et autochtone dans le contexte des conflits. Les résultats indiquent que l’augmentation des techniques culturelles contribue à réduire les tensions, tandis que l’accroissement des envois de fonds accentue le risque de conflits. En revanche, l\u27offre de travail migrant dans l\u27agriculture favorise un partage des ressources, bien que son impact sur les conflits soit incertain. Cette étude propose ainsi un modèle théorique pour mieux comprendre ces dynamiques complexes et guider les politiques en matière d’intégration et de gestion des migrations.Purpose :The objective of this paper is to develop a theoretical model which makes it possible to explain, using game theory, the strategic interactions between two rational agents: migrants and natives (son of soil).
Design/methodology/approach : This model proposes an approach which reveals some key parameters explaining the choice between war and peace when the two parties play simultaneously. It shows that if we neglect migrations towards the rich region, the peaceful solution always seems to be Pareto-dominated by a warlike solution.
Findings: the model explains the parameters that can favor one of the two cooperation or conflicts between migrants and natives. Thus, increased pressure or threats from one of the parties leads to an escalation of the conflict because the two regions are strategic complements. Improving farming techniques, building infrastructure, improving human capital or any measure that increases agricultural productivity facilitates cooperation between the two entities.
Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in the application of game theory to analyze the strategic interactions between migrants and natives in the context of conflicts. The results indicate that an increase in cultural techniques helps reduce tensions, while a rise in remittances exacerbates the risk of conflicts. On the other hand, the migrant labor supply in agriculture promotes resource sharing, although its impact on conflict remains uncertain. This study thus proposes a theoretical model to better understand these complex dynamics and guide policies on integration and migration management
The effects of COVID-19 on Polish enterprises
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic had massive impacts on economic sectors. This paper explores the economic effects of COVID-19 on 150,000 Polish enterprises. The paper analyses financial data from the Polish National Court Register and explores heterogenous impacts brought by the COVID-19 pandemic across multiple sectors. Its innovative contribution lies in adopting a granular perspective to assess the sector-specific impacts of COVID-19. This approach distinguishes the paper from much of the existing literature, which predominantly emphasises global or macroeconomic outcomes. The paper compares financial ratios across 2019 and 2020, applying Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests to measure changes in profitability, liquidity, working capital, and leverage ratios. Key findings indicate a disparity in revenues across sectors, with some showing resilience in adapting to pandemic-induced challenges. The analysis reveals that 28 PKD divisions experienced significant revenue reductions (up to −70% in tourism-related sectors), while 25 divisions experienced gains (up to +23% in Information Technology sectors)
Clusters as absorbers and diff users of knowledge
Full text linkThe last two decades have been characterized by rapid developments in networking and clustering. The first clusters emerged spontaneously, led by internal forces oriented towards competition. Temporary clusters are much more dynamic, searching for othersources of competitive advantage, and cross national borders. This paper is an attempt to identify the effects of knowledge spillovers and knowledge transfer within regional business networks, especially business clusters. These eff ects are associated with the innovations which appear within such networks and clusters. The paper indicates those barriers and solutions that support innovativeness within the networks under study. Knowledge transfer within business networks that shape the innovative environment in the Wielkopolska region has been described using both a theoretical and practical approach. The findings and conclusions of the research provide an opportunity to increase business efficiency within business networks
Effects of financial inclusion on entrepreneurship in Togo
No full textObjectif : Cet article examine l\u27effet de l\u27inclusion financière sur l\u27entrepreneuriat des individus au Togo.
Conception/Méthodologie/Approche : Une stratégie de variable instrumentale a été adoptée pour contrôler le biais d\u27endogénéité dû à une relation à double sens entre l\u27inclusion financière et l\u27entrepreneuriat. Les données utilisées proviennent de l\u27Enquête Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages au Togo (EHCVM, 2019).
Résultats : Les résultats montrent un effet positif de l\u27inclusion financière sur l\u27entrepreneuriat. Par les effets d\u27interaction, l\u27effet reste positif selon la zone géographique, mais il n\u27est pas significatif selon le genre et diminue au fur et à mesure que le niveau d’éducation augmente.
Originalité/Valeur : Les interventions politiques gagneraient en efficacité en créant un environnement favorable à l\u27accès aux services financiers pour tous, sans distinction de genre, et en intégrant la culture entrepreneuriale dans la formation des apprenants.Objective : This article examines the effect of financial inclusion on individual entrepreneurship in Togo.
Design/Methodology/Approach : An instrumental variable strategy was adopted to control for endogeneity bias due to the bidirectional relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship. The data used come from the Harmonized Survey on Household Living Conditions in Togo (EHCVM, 2019).
Findings : The results show a positive effect of financial inclusion on entrepreneurship. Through interaction effects, the impact remains positive depending on the geographical area but is not significant by gender and decreases as the level of education increases.
Originality/Value : Policy interventions would be more effective by creating an enabling environment for access to financial services for all, regardless of gender, and by integrating entrepreneurial culture into educational training
The law of economic surplus in action systems
Full text linkThis paper is an attempt to define the law of economic surplus (ES) in action systems (AS). Categories similar to ES are studied in particular by economics, praxeology (forms of efficiency) and management sciences. These sciences attribute the long-term success or failure of AS to various sources, but not directly/mainly to ES. Profit/loss, as forms of positive or negative ES respectively, can be a source of success/failure of AS. These, in turn, have their own sources and conditions.So far, it has been assumed that profit need not be the guiding principle for the management of any (all) AS. None of the scientific theoretical concepts make claims that recognise and solve the broader problem of the sources of longevity of any (all) AS. I try to offer a solution using a praxeological and systemic approach, prognostic-diagnostic methodology and hypothetical-deductive reasoning.I argue that the most important source of longevity is ES. The efficiency of the AS must always be greater than that required to repeat the cycle of action at the initial level and to make the necessary changes. Over the long term, a surplus must be achieved by any (all) AS. (...