Journals Poznań University of Economics and Business
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Measuring price dynamics from the perspective of the poorest households in Poland
Full text linkPoland, like many other countries, lacks a price dynamics index tailored to the poorest households. The aim of this article is to develop a Subsistence-Adjusted Price Index (SAPI) – an indicator of the dynamics of the costs of living. SAPI complements the Consumer Price Index (CPI) by enabling a more accurate assessment of the real cost of living faced by the poorest households, while also allowing for regional analysis. The analysis is based on data on the subsistence minimum from the Polish Institute of Labour and Social Studies and CPI inflation data from Statistics Poland covering the period 2006-2024. The analysis revealed substantial discrepancies between the two measures: the cumulative price increase measured by the SAPI amounted to 154.87%, whereas the CPI indicated an increase of only 87.58%. In addition, the SAPI appears to lead the CPI by approximately two years. It was recommended that the SAPI be included in official statistics and adopted as an indexing factor for social benefits, minimum wages and pensions, which could improve the effectiveness of social policy and reduce income inequality in Poland
Corporate governance, financial markets, and economic growth: Does corporate governance moderate the finance-growth nexus?
Full text linkThis paper examines whether corporate governance plays a moderating role in the impact of financial development on economic growth. It collects a dataset of 39 advanced and developing countries for the 2006-2020 period. The empirical results show that the credit-to-GDP ratio is negatively associated with economic growth, and this finding is consistent with the literature showing the relevance of "too much finance". The main findings indicate that the negative growth impact of credits is attenuated by corporate governance as measured by minority investor protection and disclosure extent. This moderating effect is economically significant and holds for different country groups and horizons. Hence, the paper argues that corporate governance measures the quality of financial markets, while credit ratio measures its quantitative dimension. Therefore, it shows that both quality and quantity dimensions need to be taken into account to understand the finance-growth nexus properly
Consumer surplus and macro valuation of tourism projects
Full text linkThere cannot be a tourism industry without projects. These projects can take different forms, such as development of attractions, accommodation, entertainment, transport, new resorts, congress centre, events, ski infrastructure, etc.. They all involve considerable investment. This paper focuses on five topics. First, it focuses on the nature of investment appraisal and explores the difference between micro and macro approaches. Secondly, attention is paid to externalities in tourism. Indeed many projects belong to the general tourism infrastructure, and the benefi ts do not only accrue to the paymaster, who may not consider the negative effects. In other words, externalities must be taken into account. A third section deals with the identifi cation of cost and benefit items or the cost-benefit scheme. Environmental costs are an important part of the scheme.
Analysis of the functioning of local authorities in Benin: what possibilities of external financing?
No full textObjectif : L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer les possibilités d’emprunt des CL Béninoises après plus de deux décennies de mise en œuvre de la décentralisation
Conception/méthodologie/approche : L’approche adoptée consister à analyser suivant des indicateurs financiers spécifiques, les données quantitatives et qualitatives collectées auprès des 25 communes dont 3 à statut particulier sur la période 2004 à 2022. L’analyse d’effet basée sur des hypothèses a été également faite et les implications dégagées.
Résultats : Les résultats montrent que certaines communes béninoises notamment les CSP et celles intermédiaire peuvent prendre des parts de marchés à condition qu’elles revoient leur structure en s’adaptant aux conditions des marchés financiers, mais aussi et surtout en réalisant des infrastructures qui pourraient produire la richesse indispensable pour faire face aux services de la dette. L’analyse a montré également que les prêts continus et permanents ont un impact réel sur l’équilibre des biens et services que les prêts ponctuels et de très court terme.
Originalité/valeur : L’originalité de cet article réside dans la prospection de possibilités d’emprunts des CL Béninoises en faisant la différence entre les CSP (facilité d’emprunt conditionnées) et les Communes Intermédiaires et ordinaires (refonte de leur fonctionnement). L’article a permis également de suggérer des actions en termes de recours à l’emprunt pour les CL béninoises, par le biais du marché obligataire et des banques de développement, qui s’avèrent plus avantageuses que les autres institutions financières.Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess the borrowing capacity of Benin\u27s local authorities after more than two decades of decentralisation implementation.
Design/methodology/approach: The approach adopted consisted in analysing the quantitative and qualitative data collected from the 25 municipalities, including 3 with special status, over the period 2004 to 2022, using specific financial indicators. An impact analysis based on hypotheses was also carried out, and the following implications were identified
Findings: The results show that some of Benin\u27s communes, particularly those with special status and those with intermediate status, can take market share provided that they review their structure and adapt to the conditions of the financial markets, but also and above all build infrastructures that could produce the wealth needed to meet debt servicing costs. The analysis also showed that continuous and permanent loans have a real impact on the balance of goods and services than one-off and very short-term loans.
Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in it’s exploration of the borrowing possibilities for Benin\u27s local authorities, distinguishing between Communes with special status (conditional borrowing facilities) and Intermediate and Ordinary Communes (overhaul of their operations). The article also suggests ways in which Benin\u27s local authorities can borrow through the bond market and development banks, which are more advantageous than other debt financing institutions.
 
Structural transformation and population health in sub-Saharan African countries: The role of human capital, infrastructure and institutions
No full textObjectif : Dans ce papier, nous avons analysé l’effet de la transformation structurelle sur la santé des populations dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : Pour l’analyse des données, le modèle à effets fixes avec variables instrumentales a été retenu. En raison de la disponibilité des données, l’étude porte sur 30 pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne et couvre la période allant de 1995 à 2019. La transformation structurelle n’étant pas un processus automatique, les déterminants de la transformation structurelle ont été analysé. Pour ce faire le modèle à effets fixes a été utilisé pour l’analyse des données.
Résultats : Les résultats montrent que la transformation structurelle à un effet positif et significatif sur la santé des populations dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. En effet, les résultats montrent que la transformation structurelle réduit significativement lamortalité infantile et la mortalité des enfants de moins de cinq ans. Elle affecte également positivement l’espérance de vie à la naissance. La transformation structurelle n’étant pas un processus mécanique, les résultats montrent que l’éducation, les infrastructures et les institutions sont les principaux déterminants de la transformation structurelle dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne.
Originalité/valeur : Nous complétons le cadre théorique développé par Mosley et Chen (1984) en y intégrant la transformation structurelle comme facteur susceptible d’améliorer les résultats de santé.Purpose: In this paper, we analysed the effect of structural transformation on population health in sub-Saharan African countries.
Design/methodology/approach: For data analysis, the model fixed effects with instrumental variables was retained. Due to data availability, the study focuses on 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and covers the period from 1995 to 2019. As structural transformation is not an automatic process, the determinants of structural transformation were analysed. To do this, the fixed effects model was used for data analysis.
Findings: The results show that structural transformation has a positive and significant effect on the health of populations in sub-Saharan African countries. Indeed, the results show that structural transformation significantly reduces infant mortality and mortality of children under five years old. It also positively affects life expectancy at birth. As structural transformation is not a mechanical process, the results show that education, infrastructure and institutions are the main determinants of structural transformation insub-Saharan African countries.
Originality/value: We complement the theoretical framework developed by Mosley and Chen (1984) by integrating structural transformation as a factor likely to improve health outcomes
Corruption and instability of Wagner’s law: A structural breaks approach to military spending in the G5‑ Sahel countries
No full textObjectif : Cette recherche analyse la relation entre les dépenses militaires et le revenu national dans l’objectif de tester la loi de Wagner pour les pays du G5 Sahel sur la période 1984 à 2018. Aussi, il est pris en compte l’effet de la corruption sur la stabilité de cette loi.
Conception/méthodologie/approche : Pour atteindre ces objectifs, le modèle de Peacock et Wiseman (1961) est utilisé et estimé par la méthode des ruptures structurelles multiples de Bai et Perron (2003).
Résultats : Les résultats montrent que cette loi est confirmée pour l’ensemble des pays du G5 sahel avec une variabilité selon différents régimes temporels. Cependant, le secteur de la défense qui était un bien public supérieur devient un bien inférieur, à cause de la corruption. Ainsi, la gouvernance vertueuse dans le secteur de la défense doit être une priorité pour les pays du G5 Sahel, afin d’affecter de manière optimale et efficiente des ressources nationales.
Originalité/valeur : L’une des premières contributions de cette recherche est l’application de la loi de Wagner sur les dépenses militaires. En effet, très peu d’études analysent cette loi dans le secteur africain de la défense. La seconde contribution est la prise en compte de la corruption dans la relation entre PIB et dépenses militaires. L\u27efficacité et la gestion vertueuse des dépenses militaires demeurent l\u27une des conditions de la réussite de la lutte contre le terrorisme dans le Sahel.Purpose: This research analyses the relationship between military expenditure and national income with the aim of testing Wagner\u27s law for the G5 Sahel countries over the period 1984 to 2018. The effect of corruption on the stability of this law is also taken into account.
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve these objectives, the model of Peacock and Wiseman (1961) is used and estimated using the multiple structural breaks method of Bai and Perron (2003).
Findings: The results show that this law is confirmed for all the countries of the Sahel G5 with variability according to different time regimes. However, the defense sector, which used to be a superior public good, becomes an inferior one because of corruption. Thus, virtuous governance in the defense sector must be a priority for the G5 Sahel countries in order to allocate resources in an optimal and efficient way.
Originality/value: One of the first contributions of this research is the application of Wagner\u27s Law to military spending. Very few studies have analyzed this law in the African defense sector. The second contribution is the inclusion of corruption in the relationship between GDP and military spending. Efficient and virtuous management of military spending remains one of the conditions for success in the fight against terrorism in the Sahel
POTENTIAL FISCAL AND NON-FISCAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTRODUCING A POLL TAX IN POLAND
Full text linkThe inspiration to take up the issue of the poll tax resulted from the desire to verify the claims made by supporters of the introduction of this tax in Poland in relation to its amount. For this purpose, the simulation of quota rate of this tax, assuming compensation of total income from income tax from natural persons was carried out. In addition, the potential effects of the introduction of this tax in the fiscal and social areas were subjected to analysis.
The analysis of simulation of replacing the Personal Income Tax with poll tax brings the conclusion that the poll tax would not gain acceptance in Poland in modern times. The potential consequences of this change must be considered not only in fiscal, but above all – social context. Rates of poll tax assessed on the basis of the concept of its followers are regressive. This is a disqualifying factor of this tribute, because it would bring a number of undesirable consequences to the economy and society
CBDC as an element of the fight against financial exclusion on the example of Nigeria
Full text linkThe article examines the potential of central bank digital currency (CBDC) as a policy tool to reduce financial exclusion, with particular reference to Nigeria’s eNaira project. The study investigates whether implementing a CBDC can facilitate access to financial services and contribute to improving inclusion levels, especially in regions affected by persistent economic and technological disparities. Nigeria serves as a representative case due to its pioneering role among developing economies in introducing a national digital currency aimed at enhancing financial inclusion. The methodological framework is based on a critical literature review supported by both quantitative and qualitative evidence. The literature search covered 2018–2025 and included databases and sources such as Google Scholar, World Bank publications, central bank repositories, and peer-reviewed academic journals. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies addressing CBDC implementation, financial inclusion indicators, and digital infrastructure in Nigeria. The findings suggest that while CBDCs can enhance accessibility to financial services, their effectiveness depends on factors such as digital literacy, infrastructure quality, and public trust in digital financial systems. The case of the eNaira highlights both the opportunities and limitations of CBDC deployment in developing countries, offering valuable implications for policy design and financial innovation strategies
Environmental pollution and economic growth in the European Union countries: A systematic literature review
Full text linkThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions in the European Union, with a particular focus on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Through a systematic review of approximately 1,250 scientific publications, machine learning techniques, and multivariate statistical analysis, significant yet complex relationships between these variables have been identified. While the EKC hypothesis often posits a U-shaped or N-shaped relationship, the findings of this research indicate that the actual relationship can vary depending on factors such as foreign trade, energy consumption, and econometric methodologies. Numerous studies emphasise the importance of integrating renewable energy into these models. Overall, the results suggest that the EKC may be insufficient to fully comprehend the intricacies of sector-specific environmental-economic dynamics within the EU