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TOXIC EFFECTS OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ON THE CHOROID: Evidence From Multimodal Imaging
No full textPurpose: To investigate the choroidal changes that occur in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy using multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and to correlate these changes with retinal findings obtained using OCT and fundus autofluorescence.
Methods: In 20 patients (n = 40 eyes) with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed to have HCQ retinopathy, imaging modalities including swept-source OCT, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT angiography were used to evaluate retinal and choroidal changes associated with retinopathy. The assessments included specific findings such as presence of hyperfluorescent or hypofluorescent lesions on angiography and signal void zones on OCT angiography, their frequencies, and the correlations among the retinal and choroidal findings. These findings were also correlated with the severity of retinopathy. Retinopathy progression was defined using fundus autofluorescence and OCT and correlated with the retinal/choroidal findings.
Results: Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a hyperfluorescent area, which reflects a defective retinal pigment epithelium, with multiple tiny dark spots within the area. Indocyanine green angiography showed a hypofluorescent area with dark spots, which was matched to the hypoautofluorescent area on fundus autofluorescence. Although there were no specific morphologic abnormalities in the choroid layers using en face choroidal imaging, OCT angiography demonstrated signal void areas on the choriocapillaris in the areas of the retinal pigment epithelium defect. Even after cessation of HCQ, there was progression of retinopathy in eyes with choroidal involvement, particularly on the area of choroidal findings.
Conclusion: Multimodal imaging demonstrates choriocapillaris degeneration in eyes with HCQ retinopathy, particularly those with severe retinopathy. The choroidal change was associated with outer retinal toxicity of HCQ
A Study on the Status of Korea - Uzbekistan Audio Visual Cultural Cooperation and a Proposal on the Search and Promotion of Motion Picture Themes
No full text1992년에 한국과 외교관계가 수립된 우즈베키스탄은 실크로드의 중심지이자 고려인 동포가 가장 많이 거주하는 중앙아시아 국가로서, 문재인 정부에서도 신(新)북방정책의 중요한 파트너이다. 본 연구는 우즈베키스탄이 역사·문화적 관점에서 한국과의 정신적 유대가 이렇게 중요한 국가임에도 불구하고, 양국의 문화협력을 위한 문재인 정부만의 로드맵이나 청사진은 보이지 않는다는 문제의식에서 출발했다. 이제는 한류의 인기에 힘입어 인기 드라마 몇 편이나 K-POP에 의존해, 정부가 주도적으로 견인해 나가야 하는 노력과 지원을 소홀히 하는 것은 아닌지 성찰할 시점이기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 양국의 문화협력 및 양질의 문화콘텐츠 개발을 위해서는 정부가 좀 더 주도적인 역할을 해야 한다는 인식하에, 양국의 영화 공동제작이 주요 이정표가 될 수 있음을 강조하였다.
나아가, 양국 문화협력의 현 상황을 개선하기 위한 일차적인 작업으로 구소련 독립 후 우즈베키스탄의 영화제작 현황과 현재까지 한국 영화인들과의 합작 영화를 살펴보았다. 또한 양국의 공동 영화제작을 가능하게 하는 스토리, 즉 양국 역사에서 이들이 빚어낸 공동의 스토리를 재조명하려는 노력 역시 배가되어야 함을 강조했다. 이런 맥락에서 ˂알파미시˃와 같은 실크로드를 배경으로 한 우즈베키스탄의 신화·전설을 가공한 영화 소재 발굴 및 ‘신순남’이나 ‘김해운’과 같이 우즈베키스탄에서 살았던 고려인 문예인들의 삶과 예술을 기록하는 영화 소재 발굴에 대한 구체적인 아이디어를 제시하였다.
한국과 우즈베키스탄이 그간 펼쳐온 문화외교가 향후에도 진일보한 성과를 내기 위해서는 단선적이며 일방향적 문화전달에서는 벗어날 필요가 있다. 이 경우, 본고에서 제안하는 양국의 공동 영화제작은 스토리 선정부터 제작까지 적지 않은 시간이 필요하겠지만, 그 시도 자체만으로도 양국의 협력사에서 문화브랜드 창조와 경제적 가치를 결합시킨 하나의 전환점으로 기록될 것이다. 과거의 문화자산에서 미래의 문화가치를 창출하기 위한 영상 콘텐츠의 가치는 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않기 때문이다. Uzbekistan, which first established diplomatic relations with Korea in 1992, was the heartland of the Silk Road trade in the past and the Central Asian country with the most Korean compatriots. Accordingly, the country is also an important partner for the northern policy of the current Korean government under President Moon. This study began from the critical view on the lack of a roadmap or a blueprint toward cultural collaboration unique to the Korean government despite Uzbekistan sharing such strong ties with Korea from the historical and cultural aspects. It is time to introspect on the question whether the government is lacking initiative and support by being too dependent on a few popular dramas and K-POP from the wake of the Korean Wave. Accordingly, from the pretense that the Korean government should take more initiative in cultural cooperation and quality contents development between the two nations, this study emphasizes joint film production as a potential major milestone toward such cause.
Furthermore, as the first step toward the improvement of the two nations’ current cultural cooperation, the study observes the status of film production since the independence from the former Soviet Union and the joint films produced with Korean filmmakers up to now. In addition, the study also urges more efforts toward stories which enable joint film production, that is bringing new light to stories of cooperation in the past history of the two nations. In this context, relevant and specific ideas are presented in search of film subject matter such as the production of Uzbekistan’s myth/legend of 〈Alpamysh〉 rooted in the Silk Road and records related to the life and art of Goryeo people who lived in Uzbekistan such as “Shin Sun-nam” or “Kim Hae-wun”.
In order for Korea and Uzbekistan to take a major step forward in terms of cultural diplomacy, it is necessary to go beyond a unilinear and single-sided cultural dissemination. Although the joint film production between the two nations proposed here will take quite a bit of time from the selection of story to the actual production, such attempt will become the turning point which can result in the synergy of new cultural brand and economic value between the two nations’ collaborating partners. The true power of video contents in the making of future cultural values from past cultural assets can never be emphasized enough.이 논문은 한양대학교 교내연구지원사업으로 연구되었음 (HY-2018년도
A Study on the Importation and Indigenization of Pay-for-Performance
No full text신자유주의 철학을 기초로 한 신공공관리(New Public Management)운동은 정부부문의 개혁을 추동하였고 민간부문의 효율적인 관리기법을 정부 내 이식하게 하였다. 그 중 하나가 성과급제도인데 이것은 성과와 보상을 연계하여 개인의 역량과 조직의 성과를 극대화하기 위한 인사관리 기제이다. 우리나라는 김대중 정부 출범이후 본격적으로 도입되어 약 20년간 유지되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 정부 내 성과급제도의 토착화를 진단하고 토착화의 성공 또는 실패의 원인을 분석하기 위함이다. 우리나라 성과급제도의 도입은 특정국가의 성과급제도 모형을 직접적으로 모방하였다고 보기보다는 정부 내 성과와 보상의 연계라는 아이디어를 모방하였고 제도는 우리나라 공무원제도 실정에 맞게 설계되다. 그러나 성과를 기초로 하는 성과보상제를 운영하며 많은 문제가 노정되었는데 성과급제도에 대한 공개적인 불만과 저항, 성과급 나눠먹기, 취지에 반하는 증거 도출 등이 그것이다. 이와 같은 문제들이 해결되지 않은 채 성과급제도 자체가 규범화되어 경로의존적으로 운영되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 도입초기의 의도와 다르게 제도의 효과성이 입증되지 않았음에도 이를 우리실정에 맞게 개선하려는 노력보다는 운영자체를 중시하는 불완전한 토착화가 지속되고 있다고 할 수 있다.
The New Public Management(NPM) movement allows governmental agencies to initiate reforms in a way that various managerial techniques are implanted in the public sector. One of the techniques is pay-for-performance(PFP) which links pay to job performance in order to improve both individual-and organization-level performance. PFP had been operating for 20 years in government agencies since the Kim Dae-Jung administration adopted. The main purpose of this study is to diagnose the indigenization of PFP and analyze the causes of policy success or failure in Korea. Rather than imitating the PFP type of the specific country, Korean government designed our unique PFP system based on PFP ideas from OECD countries. Yet some problems of using PFP in government have emerged such as complaints and resistance of public managers, equal pay redistribution, and counter-evidence of PFP. Although the limitations of PFP are obvious, it has been operated in a path-dependence way. This paper suggests the three main reasons why PFP is implemented in an instable indigenization manner
Numerical Study on Thermal Analysis of Motor and Flow Characteristics by Optimizing Hole Shape of Axial Fan Hub
No full textThe motor used to drive an axial flow fan generates heat due to internal resistance, which negatively affects performance and shortens the fan’s life span. In this study, cooling of the fan motor using the passive flow control (PFC) method was employed via the hole shape optimization of the axial fan hub. Four design parameters were selected and design points were created using an optimal space-filling design method. The Kriging model was used to construct the response surface. The optimization process using the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was performed until the error between the candidate value and the CFD value was less than 0.1%. By comparing the candidate with the initial shape, the optimized shape generated air flow from the back to the front of the axial fan hub. The maximum temperature of the motor was reduced by 17.47 K under the same rotational speed. Conversely, the temperature was further reduced by 6.21 K when compared with the initial shape and operated at the same total pressure
Crack-Resistance Behavior of an Encapsulated, Healing Agent Embedded Buffer Layer on Self-Healing Thermal Barrier Coatings
No full textIn this work, a novel thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is proposed that embeds silicon particles in coating as a crack-healing agent. The healing agent is encapsulated to avoid unintended reactions and premature oxidation. Thermal durability of the developed TBCs is evaluated through cyclic thermal fatigue and jet engine thermal shock tests. Moreover, artificial cracks are introduced into the buffer layer's cross section using a microhardness indentation method. Then, the indented TBC specimens are subject to heat treatment to investigate their crack-resisting behavior in detail. The TBC specimens with the embedded healing agents exhibit a relatively better thermal fatigue resistance than the conventional TBCs. The encapsulated healing agent protects rapid large crack openings under thermal shock conditions. Different crack-resisting behaviors and mechanisms are proposed depending on the embedding healing agents.This research was funded by "Human Resources Program in Energy Technology (No. 20194030202450)" and "Power Generation & Electricity Delivery grant (No. 20181110100310)" of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); a granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea; and by Fundamental Research Program of the Korean Institute of Materials Science (KIMS, No. PNK5620)
Biological hierarchically structured porous materials (Bio-HSPMs) for biomedical applications
No full textMaterials science contributes to the development of various disciplines whose shared goal is aiding living organisms or improving man-made structures. Biological hierarchically structured porous materials [Bio-HSPMs: e.g., zeolites, mesoporous silicas, other oxides, organic polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene, molybdenum disulfate (MOS2), and porous nanocomposites] are among the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials. In Bio-HSPMs, hierarchy enables the outstanding properties (e.g., high surface area, excellent accessibility of active sites, and enhanced mass transport/diffusion) that lend these materials to beused in high-performance applications in various fields. In this paper, we cover the classification, characterization, toxicity, optimization, milestones, challenges, and future directions regarding the research and development of Bio-HSPMs for biomedical applications. Our efforts will aid multidisciplinary scientists who are planning to expand their research into this emerging areaof research.PK wants to thank the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, for funding under 'Empowerment and Equity Opportunities for Excellence in Science' (Project's Reference No. EEQ/2016/000484). This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning (No. 2016R1E1A1A01940995)
Enhancement of the Luminance Uniformity in Large-Size Organic Light-Emitting Devices Based on In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors by Using a New Compensation Method
No full textThe variations in the threshold voltage and the mobility of In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors (TFTs) were significantly compensated by the proposed compensation method. The luminance difference at each pixel in the large-size organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) was dramatically decreased less than 10% due to the stich mural and the applied data voltage difference at low gray scale level. Luminance uniformities of up to 99% were achieved for all gray levels of the OLEDs by using the external circuit and optical compensation with angle calibration.This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology under Grant 2016R1A2A1A05005502
A Comparative Study of Flammability Limit Models for H2/CO Mixture on the Applicability of Severe Accident Conditions
No full textThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT, Korea) [Grant no. NRF2017M2A8A4018213] and the Nuclear Safety Research Program through the Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety (KoFONS) using the financial resource granted by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) of the Republic of Korea (no. 1805001)
Search for associated production of a Higgs boson and a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV
No full textA search is presented for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a single top quark, based on data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The production cross section for this process is highly sensitive to the absolute values of the top quark Yukawa coupling, y(t); the Higgs boson coupling to vector bosons, g(HVV); and, uniquely, their relative sign. Analyses using multilepton signatures, targeting H -> WW, H -> tau tau, and H -> ZZ decay modes, and signatures with a single lepton and a b (b) over bar pair, targeting the H -> b (b) over bar decay, are combined with a reinterpretation of a measurement in the H -> gamma gamma channel to constrain y(t). For a standard model-like value of g(HVV), the data favor positive values of y(t) and exclude values of y(t) below about -0.9y(t)(SM).We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Grant No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formationa la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h Project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, and No. 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), Contracts No. Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, No. Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, No. 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, No. 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, and No. Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University, and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA)
Hong Kong women future perceptions: integrating the role of gender and culture
No full textGuided by Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study investigated the future perceptions of Hong Kong female university students. Fifty-eight students completed a semi-structured questionnaire to better understand their beliefs, hopes, and visions about their future. The thematic analysis performed yielded 10 major future life themes in the participants' responses: (a) work, (b) family, (c) roles and responsibilities, (d) romantic relationships, (e) values, (f) living situation, (g) quality of life, (h) status of education, (i) personal interests and hobbies, (j) finance, and (k) friendship. Findings from this study provide novel information on Hong Kong women's future perceptions that may help career counsellors when constructing client goals and tasks aimed at exploring and fulfilling their future perceptions