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A study on the spray structure and evaporation characteristic of common rail type high pressure injector in homogeneous charge compression ignition engine
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the spray structure and evaporation characteristics of common rail high pressure injector for use in a direct injection type HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engine. In this study, we measured the injection rate and visualized the spray structure of a HCCI injector according to injection conditions. The CFD simulation of the spray and the air fuel mixture formation in real engine conditions was also conducted using the VECTIS commercial code. In addition, we compared simulation results to experimental results.
From the spray experiment and simulation results, we found that the spray penetration was proportional to the back pressure by an exponent of 1/4. This is similar to Hiroyasu's experimental result. The fuel evaporation and air fuel mixture result indicate that the influence of the spray impingement with the ambient density was bigger than that of the intake pressure and temperature conditions in evaporation rate when the fuel was injected at the early stage of the compression stroke. The results also reveal that the fuel was uniformly distributed in the combustion chamber at this early injection time and the air fuel mixture was enhanced in this relatively rich region. However, when ambient density was kept constant, the fuel evaporation was sensitive to the influence of the intake temperature and pressure. As the fuel was injected at the later stage of the compression stroke, the fuel tended to concentrate in the bowl zone and to generate the lean air fuel mixture. From these results, it was confirmed that the air fuel mixture characteristics are sensitive to the impingement position of the injected fuel.This work is part of the project ‘Development of PartialZero Emission Technology for Future Vehicle’ and we aregrateful for its financial suppor
Identification of the Soil-Structure Interaction System Using Earthquake Response Data
No full textThis paper demonstrates how system identification techniques can be successfully applied to a soil–structure interaction
system using the earthquake response data. The parameters identified are the shear moduli of several near-field soil regions and Young’s
moduli of the shell sections of the structure. The soil–structure interaction system is modeled by the finite element method combined with
the infinite element formulation for the unbounded layered soil medium. The simulated earthquake responses using the identified parameters are shown to be in excellent agreement with the observed response data. Prediction of the responses is also carried out for a larger
earthquake event using the identified parameters as the initial properties in the equivalent linearization procedure. It has been found that
the predicted responses are also compared very well with the measured responses.This work was supported by Grant No. ~1999-1-311-001-3! from
the interdisciplinary research program of the KOSEF and NRL
~M1-0104-00-0295!, and also by the Korea Institute of Nuclear
Safety ~1993–1997!
A Study on the Family-friendly Institution of Corporations
No full text이 논문은 구미(歐美) 기업의 가족 친화적 제도를 등장 배경, 도입 목적, 현황은 중심으로 살펴보고, 우리에게 주는 시사점을 알아보는 데 그 목적이 인다. 기혼 여성의 취업이 증가하고 맞벌이 가족이 늘어나면서 일과 가족을 조화시키는 문제가 쟁점이 되고 있다. 미국의 경우 등장 백경으로 가족구조와 규범의 변화, 정부의 규모 축소, 그리고 기업의 규모 축소와 재구조화를 들 수 있고, 유럽의 경우 고용 불안과 높은 실업률, 여성의 노동시장 참여 확대 동을 들 수 있다. 도입 목적으로는 동등한 기회 및 양성 평등, 삶의 질, 사업적 논리 등을 지적할 수 일다. 기업의 가족 친화적 제도의 도입 현황도 국가나 지역에 따라 상이하다. 미국의 가족 친화적 기업제도의 주요 내용으로는 휴가제도, 탁아제도, 탄력 근무제 등을 들 수 있고, 유럽에서 기업이 제공하는 가족 친화적 제도로는 탄력 근무제, 휴가제도, 이동 보육 및 노인 보호 제도 등이 있다. 가족 친화적 제도는 아직은 도입의 초기 단계에 있다고 할 수 있다 해고와 재구조화가 확산되고 있는 오늘날 가족 친화적 제도는 "제도화되기보다는 인력관리와 관련하여 하나의 유행으로 끝날 수도 있다"는 전망도 있다. 하지만 현재 진행되고 있는 가족변화와 노동력 구성의 변화로 볼 때 가족 친화적 제도가 일시적 유행으로 끝날 것 같지는 않다. The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution, goal, and the present status of family-friendly institution of corporations in the U.S. and in Europe, and to find out implications for us. As the employment of married women increases, and as dual-earner family increases, balancing work and family has become an important social issue. In case of the United States, changes in family structure and norms, downsizing of the government, and corporate downsizing and restructuring served to the evolution of family-friendly institution. On the other hand, employment instability, high unemployment rate, and increase in women`s labor force participation contributed to the evolution of the family-friendly institution in Europe. The goals of family-friendly institution are equal opportunities and gender equity, quality of life, and business rationale. The present status of corporate institution on work/family issues varies from country to country. In the United States companies provide leave benefits, child care benefits, and flexible work schedule, and in case of Europe companies offer flexible work schedule, leave benefits, and child and elder care benefits. At present the introduction of family-friendly institution is at the beginning stage. There is a prospect that family-friendly institution "may end as a passing fad rather than being institutionalized" in the midst of layoff and restructuring. However, based on the family change and changes in the labor force composition we are facing right now, it is not likely that family-friendly institution may end as a passing fad
The Aesthetics and Political System of Rightist Novels in the Era of Liberation
No full textRightist novels written in the era of liberation contain their own
spiritual orientation and aesthetic characteristics. We must pay attention
to the fact that these characteristics were closely related to the political
system of democracy. Fierce literary and political struggles of the
rightists are well shown in the aesthetic characteristics of rightist novels
in this era. Selection and establishment of regime played the core role in
the literary and political game, regardless of rightist and leftist.
One of the remarkable aesthetic characteristics represented in the
rightist novels was the tradition-oriented value system, which had been
formed to establish the national identity. At the same time, their
spiritual orientation for the stable space, where the traditional and ethical
value was functioned as the principle of life, was expressed in the novel.
The stability from the traditional world could be accepted as the
stability from the political system of democracy that is, the rightist —
political ideology by assuming the opposition to the leftist based on the —
class-revolution.
In addition, the pure literature of the rightist was represented as the
exploration to and the advocacy of humanity. The advocacy of humanity
is directly related to the democratic idea granting the best value to the
human dignity. However, the rightist advocated the autonomy of
literature, while they actually showed the strong political characteristic
required to build up the system and ideology. The political characteristic
of rightist novels was evidently revealed in that it divided the characters
강경화
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in the work with the ethical dichotomy and distinguished them into vice
and virtue depending on the leftist or rightist ideologies. The two
conflicting ideologies and their ideological vice and virtue were obviously
a sort of the means of political propagation.
The contradiction of denying but maximizing the political
characteristic was resulted from the special historical situation in which
it was pressingly required to secure the validity of rightist ideology and
to implement the literary idea. The era of liberation was the period
when the politics and the literature had a close relationship to the extent
that the twos were considered identical. Besides, the existence of
literature was threatened according to the direction of the current
system and ideology. The political participation by the rightist literary
men made a contribution to the establishment of democratic system.
The rightist novels in the era of liberation had a valuable significance
in the light that they constructed the national literature for the recovery
of national identity, denied the political characteristic in terms of literary
ideology, struggled against the leftist for the restoration of literariness
and tried to establish the democratic political system. However, it was
functioned as another repressive discourse by exceeding its historical
duty, establishing a system, and colluding with the anticommunist group
Preparation and properties of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene(SEBS)-clay hybrids
No full textStyrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS)-clay hybrids were prepared by melt blending SEBS and organoclay using an internal mixer. Maleic anhydride modified SEBS (SEBS-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that silicate layers of the clay were partially exfoliated and dispersed at a nanometer scale in the polymer matrix. Enhanced mechanical properties of these hybrids were observed from tensile and dynamic mechanical tests. Thermal degradation temperature of the hybrids was increased compared with pristine SEBS. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.This work was supported by the research fund ofHanyang University (HY-2000)
A Study on the Multi-function in Package Design According to Changes in Consumer Trends - Focusing on the Used in Food Packing Material -
No full text(Abstract)
Under the production system of a free market economy, the modern consumers`goods that
feature current trends reveal diverse aspects of the whole society and culture.
This phenomenon is progressing at such a rapid speed that theories can barely
keep up to explain it clearly. It is believed that the reason for the lag in
academic theories is the formation of pluralistic values in human lifestyles due to
the development of science and information communication. The pluralism of values
in contemporary society is being studied in many academic fields, and the design
among these fields often sees such a phenomenon as one of the post-modernism
concepts, where post-modernism suggests a diversification and dismantling of
modernism. In other words, the current design is closely watching products that are
totally different from existing products, from complex and conceptual outcomes
in the field of design to products that reflect various trends. Thus, it is true
that package design, which proactively reflects current trends, freely traverses
among specific domains of various fields that have been determined tacitly.
It is also believed that other fields are also reflecting the same developments.
Such a phenomenon is strikingly revealed with so-called "fancy products", while other products "parody"package design.
This study sees the phenomenon as dismantling the border between product design and
package design. The examined package design reflects the broader characteristics
of the times, based on current concepts and meanings, after reviewing design examples. 자유경제가 기반이 된 생산 체제하에서 트랜드의. 다양한 욕구 충족을 위해 만들어진 현대 소비재의 변화는 사회, 문화 전반 에 걸쳐서 여러 양상으로 전개되고 있다. 이 현상은 학문적으 로나 기타 이론으로 규명하기 힘들 정도로 빠른 속도로 또한 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 이것은 과학과 정보통신의 발달에 기인한 인간 생활의 다원화된 가치관의 형성과 유관하다고 볼 수 있다. 현대인의 가치관의 다원화현상은 여러 다른 학문분 야처럼 디자인에서도 다각도로 연구되어지고 있는데 그 중 개 념적으로는 '포스트모더니즘적 이다'라고 하며 이때 포스트모 더니즘이 시사하는 바는 기존의 개념(모더니즘)을 다원화 시 켜 해체시킨 것을 의미하고 있다. 즉, 디자인분야에 나타나는 복합적이고 개념적인 결과물을 비롯하여 다양한 트랜드를 반영한 제품에 이르기 까지 기존의 형태와 전혀 다른 상품들을 말하고 있는 것이다. 이와 같이 시대성을 적극ㄱ적으로 반영하는 패키지디자인 분야는 다양한 기능을 활용할 수 있는 다기능의 형태로 기존의 특정한 디자인 분야라고 암묵적으로 정해놓은 영영ㄱ을 자유롭게 넘나드는 것이 현실이며 다른 분야 역시 그러하다고 사료되는데 흔히 '팬시제품'이라고 일컬어지는 분야에서 현저하게 나타난다. 어떠한 경우는 패키지디자인을 '패러디'하여 '제품화'시키는 예도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 '현상'을 제품 디자인과 패키지디자인 영역간의 탈경계(奪境計)현상이라고 보고 그러한 것을 실례를 중심으로 고찰하여 유추된 개념과 의미를 토대로 보다 폭 넓게 시대성을 반영한 패키지디자인으로 재조명 되어야 한다.이 논문은 2001년도 한양대학교 교내 정착 연구비의 지원으로 연구되었음
A Study on the perceived characteristics of the mobile payment service using the technology acceptance model
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Investigation on surface treatments of CFRP and aluminum to improve fracture toughness of adhesively-bonded CFRP-aluminum joints
No full textIn this study, the role of surface treatments of CFRP (graphite/epoxy composite) and aluminum (7075-T6) on the adhesively-bonded CFRP-aluminum joints has been investigated. The CFRP was surface-treated by Ar+ ion irradiation in an oxygen environment and the aluminum was surface-treated using a DC plasma. Ar+ ion irradiation treatment was carried out at Ar+ ion dose of 10(16) ions/cm(2). Plasma treatment was carried out at a volume ratio of acetylene gas to nitrogen gas of 5 : 5 and the treatment time was 30 s. The effect of surface treatments on the fracture behavior CFRP-aluminum joints was determined from fracture tests using three different CLS (cracked lap shear) specimens: (1) untreated CFRP/untreated aluminum, (2) ion-irradiated CFRP/untreated aluminum and (3) untreated CFRP/plasma-treated aluminum. Fracture behaviors (fracture load, fracture toughness, fracture surfaces) of these three different specimens were compared. The results showed that both fracture load and fracture toughness of CFRP-aluminum joints were in the following order: ion-irradiated CFRP/untreated aluminum specimen > untreated CFRP/plasma-treated aluminum specimen > untreated CFRP/untreated aluminum specimen. SEM examination of fracture surfaces showed that fracture occurred as an interfacial failure for untreated specimens. On the other hand, a cohesive failure in the adhesive was the primary fracture mode for specimens surface-treated by ion irradiation or plasma