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Research on Emotional Experience-based UI Design to Improve Use of Weather Applications
No full text스마트폰이 발전함에 따라 현대인들은 일상생활에 필요한 정보의 많은 비중을 스마트폰을 통해 해결하고 있으며, 온라인 시장이 활성화되면서 애플리케이션은 편안한 기능뿐만 아니라 흥미를 유발하는 감성적인 요소로 사용자에게 다양한 경험을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 기상 애플리케이션의 사용성을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로서 감성 경험을 기반으로 한 사용자 인터페이스의 요소에 따라 기상 애플리케이션을 분석하고자하며, 이를 통해 디자인 측면에서 감성 애플리케이션의 서비스 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 방향을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 1차적으로 감성 경험, UI 디자인, 감성 경험 기반 UI의 각 개념과 이론을 고찰하였으며, 선행연구를 통해 감성 경험 요소와, UI 디자인 요소에 관련된 내용을 살펴보고 감성 경험기발 UI 요소를 도출하였다. 감성 경험 기반 UI 요소로는 감각적 요소, 구조적 요소, 사고적 요소가 있으며, 세부적으로 감각적 요소에는 색상과 그래픽, 다중감각이 있으며, 구조적 요소에는 인터랙션과 스토리텔링, 사고적 요소에는 흥미유발, 피드백의 요소가 나타났다. 도출된 요소를 통해 앱 스토어, 구글 플레이의 기상 애플리케이션 카테고리를 중심으로 최고매출 포함 차트 100에서 감성경험의 특징을 포함한 사례로 적합하다고 판단된 총 5개의 사례를 선별하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 모든 사례에서 공통적으로 나타난 요소는 감각적 요소의 세부요소인 ‘색상’, ‘그래픽’ 이였으며, ‘다중감각’은 한 가지 애플리케이션에만 적용된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 구조적 요소는 감각적 요소와 사고적 요소에 비해 미비하게 적용되어 있음을 확인하였으며, 사고적 요소의 ‘흥미유발’과 ‘피드백’은 각 3가지 사례에서 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 기상 애플리케이션의 감성 경험 기반 UI 요소는 현재 시각적 요인을 중심으로 이루어져 있음을 인지할 수 있으며, 사용자의 흥미유발과 감성 경험을 위해 기상정보를 효과적으로 제공할 수 있는 다양한 기술 분야의 기상 애플리케이션 연구의 필요성을 재고할 수 있다.
As smartphones evolve, people process a majority of the daily required information through smartphones. As online markets become more active, the online applications (apps) present emotional elements that arouse user interest as well as the element of efficiency. The aim of this research is to analyze weather applications according to elements of user interface based on emotional experience as a way to improve the usability of weather applications, and to present directions that can improve the service satisfaction of emotional applications in term of design. Firstly, the study analyzes the concepts and theories of emotional experience, UI design and emotional experience-based UI. The emotional experience-based UI elements includes sensory, structural and conceptual elements. In detail, the sensory elements include color, graphics and multiple senses. Structural elements include interaction and storytelling. And conceptual elements include interests and feedback. Based on the derived elements, the study selects and analyzes five cases that are deemed as suitable examples of emotional experience from the top 100 best-selling weather apps on App Store and Google Play’s weather apps. All cases have the ‘color’ and ‘graphic’ sensory elements in common. The ‘multiple senses’ element was shown in only one app. The structural elements were applied not as often as sensory and conceptual elements. The ‘interests’ and ‘feedback’ conceptual elements were shown in three cases. The study confirms that the emotional experience-based UI elements are based mostly on visual elements. The study also suggests the need for further study on weather apps in other technical fields to effectively offer weather information with increased user interest and emotional experience
Design of Energy Absorbing Structure for High-Speed Train Using Design of Experiments
No full text고속열차의 사고율은 매우 낮지만 심각한 피해를 입힌다. 그러므로 고속 열차의 정면 충돌안전도를 향상시키는 에너지 흡수부재가 필요하다. 충돌안전도는 에너지 흡수부재의 힘-변위선도에 따라 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 충돌안전도를 고려한 고속열차의 에너지 흡수부재 설계방법론을 제시한다. 에너지 흡수부재의 힘-변위선도는 구조물의 두께와 형상에 따라 결정된다. 설계 프로세스에서는 메타모델을 기반한 최적설계를 사용한다. 평균분석을 이용해 설계변수를 선정하고 라틴방격법을 통해 표본을 추출한다. 방사형기저함수를 이용하여 메타모델을 구성한 후 이를 대상으로 최적설계를 수행한다. 위와 같은 설계방법론을 이용하여 고속열차 에너지 흡수부재 설계를 수행하고, 제시한 설계방법론의 유용성을 검증하였다.
The accident rate of high-speed trains is quite low; however, train accidents cause severe damage. It is necessary to have energy absorbing structures for frontal crash events of high-speed trains. Crash safety is dependent on the force-displacement curve of the energy absorbing structures. In this study, the force-displacement curve of an energy absorbing structure is determined by changing the thickness and shape of the structure. A meta-model based optimization is employed in the design process. The sample points are obtained by Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and analysis of mean (ANOM) is used to select the design variables. Radial basis function (RBF) is used to construct the metamodel. Size and shape optimizations are carried out and optimum solutions are discretized for manufacturability
Effects of Display Curvature, Presbyopia, and Task Duration on Visual Fatigue, Task Performance, and User Satisfaction
No full textObjective: This study examined the effects of display curvature, presbyopia, and task duration on visual fatigue, task performance, and user satisfaction. Background: Although curved displays have been applied to diverse display products, and some studies reported their benefits, it is still unknown whether the effects of display curvature are presbyopia-specific. Method: Each of 64 individuals (eight nonpresbyopes and eight presbyopes per display curvature) performed four 15-min proofreading tasks at one display curvature radius setting (600R, 1140R, 4000R, and flat; mm). Diverse measurements were obtained to assess visual fatigue, task performance, and user satisfaction. Results: The mean pupil diameter was the largest with 1140R, indicating this curvature radius was associated with the least development of visual fatigue; 600R was comparable with 1140R in terms of pupil diameter. The presbyopic group showed a 28.5% slower proofreading speed compared with the nonpresbyopic group, whereas their proofreading accuracy was comparable. For both groups, the mean visual fatigue increased significantly during the first 15 min of proofreading, as indicated by a decrease of 0.11 mm in the mean pupil diameter, an increase of 3.8 in the mean bulbar conjunctival redness, and an increase of 9.13 in the mean eye complaint questionnaire score. Conclusion: The effect of display curvature was not presbyopia-specific. Low visual fatigue was observed with 1140R and 600R. Application: Display curvature radii near or in the range of 600R and 1140R and frequent breaks are recommended for both presbyopic and nonpresbyopic groups to reduce their visual fatigue due to visual display terminal tasks.This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2061151 and NRF-2016R1A2B4010158)
Analysis on the Attributions of success and Failure of G TOUR Pro
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the demographic characterisitics of G TOUR Pro, such as gender, rize status, professional golf qualification, and average number of strokes. In orther to achieve this goal, 177 participants who joined the fourth final round, sponsor by Samsung Securities m Gound TOUR Pro, and the fourth final round, sponsored by LOTTE rent-a-car were selected. A total of 142 questionnaires were used for the actual analysis, except for those parts of the extracted data. The research tools used in this study were questionnaires. The surveys were carried out after the visit surveys were done sufficiently before the start of the game, and samples were selected using the convenience sampling method. In addition, all items and varibles were verified by content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis through expert meetings in previous studies and sports psychology. the collected data were process using SPSS 21.0 and independent t-test was performed for correlation analysis and hypothesis testing. This study produced the following results. First, there was a significant difference in success depending on gender of the G TOUR Pro. Second, the status of G TOUR Pro’s shows significant differences between success and failure. Third, according to G TOUR Pro’s golf program qualification certificate, significant differences between success and failure occurred. Thirs, the average number of G TOUR Pro hits showed significant differences between success and failure
A Study on the Hydration Behavior and Porosimetry of Ferronickel Slag Powder in Cement Paste
No full text페로니켈 슬래그는 철과 니켈의 합금강 제조공정에서 발생하는 산업부산물로, 최근에는 페로니켈 슬래그를 콘크리트 배합 시 시멘트대체재로 활용하는 방안이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 페로니켈 슬래그 미분말의 수화 특성을 알아보기 위하여 시멘트와 혼입한 페이스트 형태로 주사전자현미경 이미지, X선 회절 피크, 기공 분석을 실시하였다. 특히 수화도 분석은 페로니켈 슬래그 페이스트 경화체의 후광산란전자현미경(BSE) 이미지를 grayscale로 변환 및 mapping 하여 계산하였다. 초기 수화는 응결시간을 측정하여 예측하였다. 실험에는 분말도 4,660 ㎠/g의 페로니켈 슬래그 미분말이 사용되었으며, 보통포틀랜드시멘트만을 혼화재로 사용한 페이스트에 0 %, 10 %, 30 %, 50 % 혼입하여 혼입량에 따른 미세구조를 파악하였다. 수화물 이미지 분석에서는 규산산화칼슘수화물 주변으로 반응하지 않은 페로니켈슬래그 입자들과 MgO 기반의 수화물이 관찰되었다. 페로니켈 슬래그의 높은 MgO와 SiO₂의 함량으로 인해 수화반응이 지연되었으며 따라서 보통포틀랜드시멘트에 비해 반응성이 매우 낮게 나타났다. BSE 이미지 분석에서 높은 치환율의 페로니켈 슬래그는 미수화물 영역이 1.7배 많게 나타났다. 페로니켈 슬래그의 치환율이 높을수록 공극분포가 모세관 공극에 매우 집중되어 있어 결과적으로 공극 구조가 조밀해진 것으로 볼 수 있다.
Ferronickel slag is a byproduct of the steel alloy which is gaining attention nowadays utilizing it as supplementary cementitious material in concrete mix. In this study, the hydration characteristics of ferronickel slag grain were investigated by analyzing scanning electron microscopy images, X-ray diffraction peak, and porosimetry of ferronickel slag blended cement paste. Especially, the degree of hydration was calculated by mapping grayscale images of ferronickel slag in back-scattered electron mode. Ferronickel slag with blain of 4,660 ㎠/g were replaced by 0 %, 10 %, 30 % and 50 % of total amount of binder using ordinary Portland cement to figure out the microstructure of ferronickel slag paste. In the image analysis, MgO-based hydrate and unreacted ferronickel particles were observed where calcium silicate hydrates were present. The high MgO and SiO₂ content of ferronickel slag lead to latent hydration in the cement matrix therefore the reactivity (degree of hydration) of ferronickel slag is much lower than ordinary Portland cement. In the BSE image analysis, higher replacement of ferronickel slag was found to lead to 1.7 more unhydrated area. Pore distribution in the ferronickel slag paste was mostly concentrated in small capillary pores as replacement ratio increased, resulting in a denser pore structure
Development of an Energy Saving Strategy Model for Retrofitting Existing Buildings: A Korean Case Study
No full textThe building sector accounts for approximately 40% of national energy consumption, contributing to the environmental crisis of global warming. Using energy saving measures (e.g., improved thermal insulation, highly energy-efficient electrical and mechanical systems) provides opportunities to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings. Furthermore, if the life cycle cost (i.e., installation, operation and maintenance cost) of the measures is considered with their energy saving potential, it is possible to establish a cost-effective energy retrofit plan. Therefore, this research develops an energy saving strategy model considering its saving potential and life cycle cost of the measures for reducing energy consumption in existing buildings. To test the validity of the proposed model, a case study is carried out on an educational facility in South Korea, in response to its overconsumption of energy. The results demonstrate that in terms of energy saving and life cycle cost, the optimal energy retrofit plan is more cost-effective than the existing plan. Also, the break-even point for the optimal energy retrofit plan is within five years, and then revenue from energy saving continually occurs until 2052. For energy retrofit of existing buildings, using the proposed model would enable building owners to maximize energy savings while minimizing the life cycle cost.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (No. 2015R1A5A1037548). The authors wish to express their gratitude for the support
Construction of Logic Trees and Hazard Curves for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis
No full text지진해일 규모와 발생시기 예측의 어려움으로 인해 결정론적 방법으로 얻은 결과가 실제 재난을 반영하지 못하는 사례가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 지진해일의 불확실성을 확률론적으로 접근하는 확률론적 지진해일 재해도 분석(Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis) 연구의 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 과거 동해안에 피해를 유발한 동해 동연부 지진에 대하여 확률론적 지진해일 재해도 분석을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 초기수면변위와 해일고분포의 불확실성을 고려하기 위해 로직트리 기법을 사용하였으며, 우리나라에 내습하는 지진해일의 특성을 반영하여 분기를 구성하였다. 프랙타일 곡선을 산출하는 과정에서 분기의 수가 증가하면 시간소요가 비선형적으로 증가하므로 모든 분기를 고려하면서도 계산시간을 줄일 수 있는 개선된 방법을 제안하였다. 새로 제안된 이산가중치분포법(Discrete Weight Distribution)과 정렬기법 및 몬테카를로법으로 얻은 결과의 일관성과 소요시간을 비교하였다. 이산가중치분포법은 정렬기법을 적용한 경우보다 계산시간이 짧아 효율적인 것으로 평가되었으나, 다수의 분기나 세그먼트를 고려할 경우 몬테카를로 방법이 더 효율적인 것으로 판단된다.
Due to the difficulties in forecasting the intensity and the source location of tsunami the countermeasures prepared based on the deterministic approach fail to work properly. Thus, there is an increasing demand of the tsunami hazard analyses that consider the uncertainties of tsunami behavior in probabilistic approach. In this paper a fundamental study is conducted to perform the probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) for the tsunamis that caused the disaster to the east coast of Korea. A logic tree approach is employed to consider the uncertainties of the initial free surface displacement and the tsunami height distribution along the coast. The branches of the logic tree are constructed by reflecting characteristics of tsunamis that have attacked the east coast of Korea. The computational time is nonlinearly increasing if the number of branches increases in the process of extracting the fractile curves. Thus, an improved method valid even for the case of a huge number of branches is proposed to save the computational time. The performance of the discrete weight distribution method proposed first in this study is compared with those of the conventional sorting method and the Monte Carlo method. The present method is comparable to the conventional methods in its accuracy, and is efficient in the sense of computational time when compared with the conventional sorting method. The Monte Carlo method, however, is more efficient than the other two methods if the number of branches and the number of fault segments increase significantly
A Review of Experimental Parameter Identification for Fluid Film Bearings
No full text최근 신뢰할 수 있는 작동 조건에서 높은 성능 및 고속에 대한 수요가 점점 증가하는 추세이다. 이때 베어링은 회전 기계의 중요한 구성요소이며, 베어링의 동적 거동에 대한 충분한 이해는 회전 기계의 특성을 확인하는데 필요하다[1]. 그 중 유체 베어링은 구름 베어링과 달리 부품 간 마찰을 크게 줄일 수 있어, 수명에 제한이 없다. 이러한 유체베어링의 동특성을 실험적으로 확인하는 것은 시스템의 회전체동역학적 특성을 분석하는데 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유체베어링의 동특성 계수의 실험적 규명에 관한 최근 연구 동향에 대해 알아보고자 한다
Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Fe/MgO composites synthesized by a simple ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method
No full textElectromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials consisting of iron (Fe) nanoparticles supported by magnesium oxide (MgO) matrix were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) and subsequent hydrogen reduction. The Fe nanoparticles were formed by the selective reduction of iron oxide in the as-pyrolyzed powder, itself acting as a microreactor, and were successfully embedded in or at the MgO surface, allowing for magneto-dielectric structures without aggregation. Fe content in the composite particles was controlled only by the molar ratio of the precursor solution ([Fe3+]:[Mg2+]). The remarkable shielding effectiveness reached -65.6 dB at 12 GHz with a corresponding thickness of 1.5mm and an absorption bandwidth for reflection loss (RL) of less than -20 dB is about 7.8 GHz. This design approach can be extended to realize magneto-dielectric materials with tailored absorption frequencies of high bandwidth due to the combination of the well-dispersed decoration of magnetic particles with controlled content and effective insulation. This type of material would be well suited for use in the research community and industry alike due to the reduction in energy required for synthesis and attendant oxidation losses.This research was supported by the Future Materials Discovery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2016M3D1A1027836) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Korea (No. NRF-2018R1A6A1A03024231)
