76059 research outputs found
Sort by
From Whizzoh to Bollocks: The Exclamatory Language of Moral Collapse in Lord of the Flies
No full textWilliam Golding’s 1954 novel Lord of the Flies has been dissected for its symbolic objects and gestures—such as the conch, Piggy’s glasses, the fire, and Jack’s mask—as a means of reading the novel’s allegorical and religious depiction of human evil. The conch itself has productive associations with speech and parliaments, and Golding’s range of language registers in description and dialogue has also been discussed. Yet one minor but suggestive aspect as yet overlooked is the boys’ exclamatory interjections and profanities, which are not random but form a structurally intelligent thematic continuum. The exclamations categorically progress from playfully defiant onomatopoeic sounds and humorous body-oriented expressions, to angrier animal comparisons and humiliating references to sexual acts, finishing with complex abstractions such as religious blasphemies. These spontaneous utterances provide conversational realism but also meaningfully mirror and index the ongoing moral maturation and corruption of the characters in their rising offensiveness, lexical power and aggressiveness, and instrumental uses as tools of violence and dominance
Visual language approach to representing KBimCode-based Korea building code sentences for automated rule checking
No full textThe Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its applications enable an automatic building permit process based on 3D building models and their associated information. A crucial part of the building permit process is the interpretation and transformation of natural language-based building regulation into a computer-readable and executable format. As other countries and their projects have developed a certain type of rule-translation methods, KBimCode, part of the KBim application series, has been developed and supported by the Korean government to ignite an automatic, BIM-based building permit system on top of the current e-submission system, which is called Seumter. The rule translation process usually employs a computer hard-coded approach because of its ease of implementation, and there have been advances in making the computer understand the natural language-based building regulations using parametric input tables and script languages. This project includes a step for developing a logic rule-based approach for translating natural language into computer-executable code. However, the main contribution of this study is the introduction of an approach to represent such text-based regulations using visual language for novice programmers, architects, and rule reviewers. This paper describes a KBimCode visual language that is easy-to-write and intuitive because it uses visual symbols instead of textual coding.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2015R1C1A1A01053497)
A Study on the Construction and Meaning of the Wooden Ice Storehouse at Ansanupseong Fortress
No full text본 연구는 고고학 조사를 통해 확인된 조선시대 안산읍성 목빙고의 축조양상과 의미를 파악하기 위해 이루어졌다.
안산읍성 목빙고의 축조는 물선의 진상과 밀접하게 관련되는 것으로 판단된다. 안산지역의 경우 어물의 진상이 집중적으로 이루어졌고, 사옹원 분원인 안산어소의 설립 초반에는 안산군수가 이를 관장하였기 때문에 안산읍성 내 관아지와 같은 공간에 목빙고가 축조되었을 것이다.
목빙고는 조선 초기에 축조되어 19세기의 특정시기까지 오랫동안 이용되었는데, 초축 이후 두 차례의 개축이 이루어졌다. 개축은 점차 빙실의 규모를 줄이는 방향으로 진행되었는데, 이는 경제적․사회적 요인과 맞물려 있는 것으로 보인다.
조선시대 목빙고는 현재까지 홍성과 부여에서만 확인되었는데, 잔존상태 및 개축의 양상이 뚜렷하게 관찰되는 안산읍성 내 목빙고는 조선시대 빙고, 더 나아가 우리나라 빙고사 연구에 있어 매우 중요한 학술적 자료의 가치를 지닌다. 따라서 이를 보존․활용하기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요하다.
This study was conducted to understand the significance and value of the wooden ice storehouse(木氷庫) at Ansanupseong Fortress(安山邑城) in Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮時代) confirmed through archaeological Survey.
The construction of the ice storehouse at Ansanupseong Fortress is closely related to presenting fish to the king. In the case of Ansan area, the supply of fish was concentrated, and early days of the establishment of the Saongwon Branch(司饔院分院; 安山漁所), the mayor had managed it, and a ice storehouse would have been built in the same space as the government office of Ansanupseong Fortress.
The ice storehouse was built at the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty and was used for a long time after 19th century, and it has been rebuilding twice since it was first created. The rebuilded gradually progress to reduce the size of the ice chamber(氷室), which seems to be associated with economic and social factors.
The wooden ice storehouse with trees in the Joseon Dynasty was confirmed only at Hongseong(洪城) and Buyeo(扶餘). The ice storehouse at Ansanupseong Fortress is good condition, and the repaired aspect is clearly observed. Therefore, it has the value of important academic data in the ice storehouse of the Joseon Dynasty, and furthermore, in the study of the Korean ice storehouse. Therefore, various efforts are needed to preserve and utilize it
Probabilistic Characteristics of Drought Propagation from Meteorological to Hydrological Drought in South Korea
No full textA reliable understanding of propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is necessary for accurate forecasting of hydrological droughts. Our current understanding of drought propagation is limited because the characteristics of each drought and the lag time between droughts are uneven due to spatial variability in underlying conditions and climatic variables. The objective of this study is to identify the probabilistic relationship between lag time and the occurrence of different classes of hydrological drought in South Korea while considering propagation factors and using a Bayesian network model. The results show that the propagation rate varied from 27% to 60% and the maximum value of the lag time was projected to be 4 to 10weeks. For moderate intensity of meteorological drought, the occurrence probability of lag time was high and decreased when the intensity changed to severe and extreme. In addition, the probability for each class of hydrological drought intensity varied with space and increased as the intensity of propagated meteorological drought class changed from moderate to extreme. The observed probabilistic characteristics of hydrological drought may be useful in decision-making strategies for mitigating water shortage.This work was supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) grant, which was funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant 18AWMP-B083066-05). The authors would like to acknowledge the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for granting a scholarship to Muhammad Nouman Sattar to pursue his PhD degree
Inhibitory Effects of a Novel Chrysin-Derivative, CPD 6, on Acute and Chronic Skin Inflammation
No full textThe skin is an important physiological barrier against external stimuli, such as ultraviolet radiation (UV), xenobiotics, and bacteria. Dermal inflammatory reactions are associated with various skin disorders, including chemical-induced irritation and atopic dermatitis. Modulation of skin inflammatory response is a therapeutic strategy for skin diseases. Here, we synthesized chrysin-derivatives and identified the most potent derivative of Compound 6 (CPD 6). We evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro cells of macrophages and keratinocytes, and in vivo dermatitis mouse models. In murine macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CPD 6 significantly attenuated the release of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) (IC50 for NO inhibition: 3.613 M) and other cytokines. In cultured human keratinocytes, CPD 6 significantly attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines induced by the combination of IFN- and TNF-, UV irradiation, or chemical irritant stimulation. CPD 6 inhibited NFB and JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathways, and activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. In vivo relevancy of anti-inflammatory effects of CPD 6 was observed in acute and chronic skin inflammation models in mice. CPD 6 showed significant anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro cells and in vivo dermatitis animal models, mediated by the inhibition of the NFB and JAK2-STAT1 pathways and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. We propose that the novel chrysin-derivative CPD 6 may be a potential therapeutic agent for skin inflammation.This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (NRF-2017R1A2B4004155 and NRF-2017R1C1B3002626)
Fault-Tolerant Operation of Wound Field Synchronous Machine Using Coil Switching
No full textThis paper proposes a fault tolerant operation of a wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) under the loss of excitation (LOE) fault in the rotor field winding. A two-mode field excitation scheme is presented, where the rotor of the WFSM was modified, and an additional harmonic winding is introduced with a rotating bridge rectifier. Mode I is the conventional direct dc supply field excitation using slip-rings and brushes, whereas mode II, is the brushless field excitation under an LOE fault, resulting in an unregulated field current. During mode II, a special coil switching is performed in the stator. Consequently, the stator winding creates an additional sub-harmonic component of the magneto-motive force (MMF) in the machine air gap along with the fundamental MMF component. The additional sub-harmonic MMF is induced in the rotor harmonic winding. A rotating diode bridge rectifier mounted on the rotor periphery rectifies the harmonic winding ac, and a stable dc was supplied to the rotor field winding. The decoupling between the additional rotor harmonic winding and stator winding is analyzed. The 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze the proposed idea. The FEA results were validated by experiments based on a 1-kW prototype.This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20174030201780), and in part by the BK21PLUS Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea within the Ministry of Education
Determinants of introduction of the wage peak system
No full textThis study examines the impact of various characteristics on the adoption of the wage-peak system. The endogeneity problems may arise if the unobserved characteristics are not included. We apply a correlated random effects model to deal with the endogeneity issue. Our findings reveal that, with no consideration for the endogeneity, most explanatory variables affect the introduction of the wage peak system. When applying the correlation random effect model, however, we find that only firms in the manufacturing industry and with a higher ratio of senior workers are more likely to adopt the wage peak system. 본 연구는 2005년부터 2013년까지의 사업체패널조사(Workplace Panel Survey)를 이용하여 고용구조, 노동조합 존재 여부, 정년제도 존재 여부 등 사업체의 다양한 특성이 임금피크제 도입에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석에 있어 임금피크제 도입에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 관측 불가능한(unobserved) 특성을 통제하지 않으면 내생성 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 고려하기 위해 고정효과(fixed effects) 모형과 상관임의효과(correlated random effects) 모형을 이용하여 기존 연구의 한계를 보완하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 내생성 문제를 고려하지 않은 모형에서는 정년제도와 노동조합 존재 여부를 포함한 대부분의 설명변수가 임금피크제 도입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 내생성 문제를 고려한 상관임의효과 모형에서는 설명변수의 통계적 유의성이 대부분 사라졌으나, 상대적으로 높은 고령근로자의 비율은 임금피크제 도입 확률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다
Nickel foam-caged Ag-Au bimetallic nanostructure as a highly rugged and durable SERS substrate
No full textA three-dimensional nickel foam (NF) caging Ag-Au bimetallic nanostructure (Ag-Au@NF) has been demonstrated as a highly rugged and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The main concept employed in designing this substrate was the protection of SERS-active nano-structures by holding them within a sturdy frame. For this purpose, NF was readily chosen as a strong porous frame to secure the internal nanostructures owing to its excellent structural strength and ability to easily incorporate analytes due to its porous structure. The next issue was the construction of stable and SERS-efficient nanostructures within the NF frame. To meet this need, an Ag-Au bimetallic nanostructure was chosen, combining the high SERS efficiency of Ag and the good surface stability of Au. To fabricate the Ag-Au nanostructure, first a Sn-Ag alloy was constructed on the NF frame by means of electrodeposition (producing Sn-Ag@NF) and then Sn was selectively leached from the alloy by means of free corrosion in NaOH solution (producing Ag@NF). This selective leaching was adopted to make the surface rough to enhance the SERS efficiency in the final substrate. Finally, Au was incorporated into the Ag@NF by means of a galvanic replacement reaction (producing Ag-Au@NF). The use of Ag-Au@NF enabled identification of rhodamine 6G at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. The Ag-Au@NF substrates were rugged, showing small Raman signal drops after 100 cycles of sandpaper abrasion or 30 min of sonication. Also, the signal decrease was only 4.26% upon 3 days of exposure to ambient air without special care. Overall, the AgAu@NF developed herein shows practical merits for adoption in routine and field SERS analyses.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2018R1A2B2002662)
In-Vehicle Sensor-Based Road Surface Condition Detection Using Deep Neural Network
No full textIn this paper, we present a method detecting a road surface condition using deep neural network based on in-vehicle sensors. Determining the road surface condition, since it is related to estimate the tire-road friction coefficient, is a core technology for future autonomous driving as well as for safety systems. To determine the road surface condition, feature vectors to be used in deep neural network are developed from parameters obtained from mathematical and/or dynamic models of the vehicle with a time-windows approach. The presented method is verified using experimental data obtained with a real vehicle on a proving ground. We observed that the performance the road surface condition detection using deep neural network is superior.이 연구는 2019년도 산업통상자원부 및 산업기술 평가관리원(KEIT) 연구비 지원에 의한 연구임.( '20000293', 환경센서와 차량내부센서 융합기반 노면상태 검출 기술 개발 및 '10076707', 다중 환경인지 센서와 인공지능 기반 주변위험도 판단과 운전자 행동 예측을 이용하는 최적 차량 샤시제어
Korean Version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury Scale: Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation.
No full textBackground: To translate into Korean and culturally adapt the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sports after injury (ACL-RSI) scale assessing psychological readiness to return to sports after ACL reconstruction and to validate its psychometric properties.
Methods: The ACL-RSI scale was forward translated into Korean and back-translated into English for cultural adaptation according to the standardized guideline. For validation, the Korean version of the ACL-RSI (ACL-RSI Kr) was administered to patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. The following subjective questionnaires were also administered: International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC-SKF), Lysholm scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and a Return to Sports Questionnaire. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the ACL-RSI Kr were assessed.
Results: A total of 129 patients (102 men and 27 women) were included in the study. Their mean age was 28.3 years. The average follow-up duration was 13.2 months. Test-retest reliability was remarkable (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.949), internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha, 0.932), and floor and ceiling effects were confirmed to be less than 10%. Construct validity assessed by correlation analysis with KOOS, IKDC-SKF, and Lysholm scale showed the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.169 to 0.679 (all p < 0.01). Compared with the Return to Sports Questionnaire, statistically significant difference was found in the ACL-RSI Kr between patients who received more than 7 points and less than 7 points (72.2 vs. 60.3, p = 0.025) for performance level scored using a 10-point Likert scale, proving its discriminative value.
Conclusions: The ACL-RSI Kr demonstrated good psychometric properties. This scale can be an excellent instrument for evaluating patient's psychological readiness to return to sports after ACL injury