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Evaluation of the relationship of subclinical hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents: a population-based study
Purpose
This study investigated the association of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adolescents.
Methods
The study population included 1006 adolescents (aged 10–18 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; SCH subjects were compared with euthyroid subjects. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The risks of MetS and its components in SCH and euthyroid subjects were calculated using binary logistic regression analyses.
Results
Study subjects had a mean age of 14.2 ± 2.5 years, and 53% were male. The prevalence of MetS was 2.5% in the overall study population (3.2% of males and 1.7% of females). Among the 1006 subjects, 143 (14.2%) had SCH. The risk of MetS was not higher in SCH subjects than in euthyroid subjects (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–4.11); however, among the components of MetS, the risk of abdominal obesity was higher in SCH subjects than in euthyroid subjects (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04–4.15) after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Although not statistically significant, a trend toward increased risk of elevated blood pressure (BP) was observed in SCH subjects relative to euthyroid subjects after further adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 0.89–4.52). Furthermore, non-obese SCH subjects had higher systolic BP compared with non-obese euthyroid subjects after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (P = 0.014).
Conclusions
SCH was not associated with the presence of MetS. However, SCH may be associated with abdominal obesity and possibly elevated BP in adolescents
Prevalence and predictors for sustained remission in rheumatoid arthritis
Objective
Remission is a key goal in managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with sustained remission as the preferred sequelae of short-term remission. However little is known about the predictors of sustained remission for patients reaching remission. Using two independent cohorts, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors for sustained remission.
Methods
The study cohort consisted of subjects with RA from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS) and the Korean Observational Study Network for Arthritis (KORONA). We analyzed subjects who reached remission in 2009 with follow up data for two consecutive years. Remission was defined by the Disease Activity Score 28-(DAS28-CRP) of less than 2.6. Sustained remission was defined as three consecutive annual visits in remission. Predictors for sustained remission were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
A total of 465 subjects were in remission in 2009. Sustained remission was achieved by 53 of 92 (57.5%) in BRASS and by 198 of 373 (53.1%) in KORONA. In multivariate analyses, baseline predictors of sustained remission were: disease duration less than 5 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08-3.58], Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ) score of 0 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.18-2.74), and non-use of oral glucocorticoid (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.47).
Conclusion
More than half of RA subjects in remission in 2009 remained in remission through 2011. Short disease duration, no disability, and non-use of oral glucocorticoid at baseline were associated with sustained remission.This study received no specific support. However, BRASS is supported by grants from Crescendo Biosciences, Medimmune, Briston Myers Squibb. KORONA receives support from the Korea Healthcare technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (A102065). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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Jet Shapes of Isolated Photon-Tagged Jets in Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
The modification of jet shapes in Pb-Pb collisions, relative to those in pp collisions, is studied for jets associated with an isolated photon. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a nucleon- nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Jet shapes are constructed from charged particles with track transverse momenta (p(T)) above 1 GeV/c in annuli around the axes of jets with p(T)(jet) �� 30 GeV/c associated with an isolated photon with p(T)(gamma) �� 60 GeV/c. The jet shape distributions are consistent between peripheral Pb-Pb and pp collisions, but are modified for more central Pb-Pb collisions. In these central Pb-Pb events, a larger fraction of the jet momentum is observed at larger distances from the jet axis compared to pp, reflecting the interaction between the partonic medium created in heavy ion collisions and the traversing partons.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)
Search for contact interactions and large extra dimensions in the dilepton mass spectra from proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV
A search for nonresonant excesses in the invariant mass spectra of electron and muon pairs is presented. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1). No significant deviation from the standard model is observed. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on energy scales for two general classes of nonresonant models. For a class of fermion contact interaction models, lower limits ranging from 20 to 32 TeV are set on the characteristic compositeness scale . For the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model of large extra dimensions, the first results in the dilepton final state at 13 TeV are reported, and values of the ultraviolet cutoff parameter (T) below 6.9 TeV are excluded. A combination with recent CMS diphoton results improves this exclusion to (T) below 7.7 TeV, providing the most sensitive limits to date in nonhadronic final states.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS"-be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientfica y Tecnica de Excelencia Mara de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)
Estrogen receptor α in T cells suppresses follicular helper T cell responses and prevents autoimmunity
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a sex hormone nuclear receptor that regulates various physiological events, including the immune response. Although there have been some recent studies on ERα regarding subsets of T cells, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, its role in follicular helper T (TFH) cells has not yet been elucidated. To determine whether ERα controls TFH response and antibody production, we generated T cell-specific ERα knockout (KO) mice by utilizing the CD4-Cre/ERα flox system (CD4-ERα KO) and then analyzed their phenotype. At approximately 1 year of age, CD4- ERα KO mice spontaneously showed mild autoimmunity with increased autoantibody production and CD4+CD44+CXCR5+Bcl-6+ TFH cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. We next immunized 6–8-week-old CD4-ERα KO mice with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), which resulted in an increased proportion of TFH cells and germinal center (GC) responses. In addition, 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment decreased TFH responses in wild-type mice and suppressed the mRNA expression of Bcl-6 and IL-21. Finally, we confirmed that the production of high-affinity antigen-specific antibodies and isotype class switching induced by NP-conjugated ovalbumin immunization were elevated in CD4-ERα KO mice under sufficient estrogen conditions. These results collectively demonstrate that the female sex hormone receptor ERα inhibits the TFH cell response and GC reaction to control autoantibody production, which was related to estrogen signaling and autoimmunity.This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science (2017M3A9C8027972, 2018R1D1A1B07044654)
Effect of Supplementary Private Health Insurance on Medical Services Utilization and Expenditures - Especially focused on Study of the Uninsured Medical Expenses -
��� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������������������� ��������� ��������������� 2015��� ������������������ ������������ ������������ ��������� ������������������ ��������������� ������ ��� ������ ������������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ���������������. ��������� ��������� ������ ������������������ ������ 13,598������ ������ 1,926������������. ������������������ ������, ��������� ������, ������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ������������/������������ ������, ���������/��������� ������������ ������ ��������������������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������������������ ��������������� ������ ������ ��� ������������, ������������ ���������, ��������� ������������, ��������� ������������������ ������������ ��������������������� ���������������.
������ ������������, ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��� ������������, ��������������� ���������, ��������������� ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ������������������ ��������� ��������������������� ��������������� ��������� ������, ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������������. ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������������. ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������������� ��������� ������ ��������������������� ������������������ ������ ��������������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��� ������������ ������������ ������.
��������������� ������������ ������������ ������ ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��� ���������, ������������ ��������� ������ ������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ��� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ��� ��������� ���������. ��������� ��� ��������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ������(Moral hazard)��� ������������ ��������������� ������������, ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ������ ��������������������� ������������ ��� ��������� ������ ��������������� ��������� ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������. ��������� ��������������������� ��������� ��������� ��� ���������, ��������� ��������� ������ ������ ��������������� ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������.This study, aimed to examine the current rapidly increasing state of Supplementary Private Health Insurance, empirically analyzed its impact on the Outpatient and Inpatient Medical Services Utilization and Medical Expenditures of the subscribers of Supplementary Private Health Insurance based on data derived from Korea Health Panel of the year 2015. The total number of subjects used in the analysis were 13,598 outpatients and 1,926 inpatients. In order to determine the relativeness of medical care service utilization, especially regarding uninsured medical expenses, based on the ���Supplementary Private Health Insurance/Patients Without Private Health Insurance Model, Supplementary Private Health Insurance/Fixed-Benefit Private Health Insurance Model���, multiple linear regression analysis was performed via classification of total disease and medical institutions, musculoskeletal system patients, clinic-level medical institutions and hospital-level medical institutions by setting the population and social factors, economic factors and health factors as control variables.
According to the analysis result, in case of outpatients, Supplementary Private Health Insurance generally increased medical expenditures, those especially related to uninsured medical expenses in terms of ���total disease and medical institutions, ���musculoskeletal system patients, and ���small-scale clinic���hospital-level medical institutions with high consumer approachability. In contrast, the analysis result, in case of inpatients, shows that no statistically significant increase was observed in medical expenditures of inpatients attributed to Supplementary Private Medical Insurance. These results suggest that Supplementary Private Medical Insurance induces a more serious moral hazard phenomenon in instances of outpatient services caused by mild illness rather than severe illness such as for inpatient services.
There seems to be a need for the appropriate establishment of desirable uninsured medical expenses regulation and management policies via standardization and unification of uninsured medical expenses and appropriacy of medical expenses in order to maintain continuous and stable growth of Supplementary Private Medical Insurance and National Health Insurance for which their loss ratios are constantly deteriorating.
Consequently, this study holds policy-level significance as it can be utilized as the basis for national policy measures to reduce the financial loss and loss rates of National Health Insurance and Private Medical Insurance and to bring about the settlement of the moral hazard of suppliers and demanders, as well as the baseline data for establishing the direction in which Private Medical Insurance should proceed. Furthermore, we hope that this study can assist Supplementary Private Health Insurance-related experts, researchers, and practitioners by providing baseline data for the determination of health policies.Maste
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��� ��������������� ������������ ������������ ������ ������������ ��������� ������ ������ SNS��� ������������, SNS ��������� ������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� SNS��� ��������������� ������ ������������, ������ ������ ��������� ������������ ������������ SNS ������ ��������� ������ ���������, ������ ������������ ��������������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������.
������ ������ ������������������ ��������� ��������� SNS ������ ��������������� ���������������. ������ ������ SNS ��������� ������, ������, ���������, ��������� 4��������� ��������� ���������������.
������ ������ SNS ��������� ��������������� ������ ��������� , ��������������� ��������������� ������������ ���������������. ��������� ��������������� ������������������ ��������������� ������ ������ ������, ������ ��������� ������������������ ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��� ��������� ���������������. ��� 7������ ��������� ������������ ���������������.
������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� SNS��� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������������ ��� 308������ ������������ ������������ ��������� ���������������. ������ ��������� SPSS 25.0 ������������������ ������������ ���������������. ������������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� ���������������.
��������������� ������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������������� ���������. SNS ��������� ������ ������, ������ ������, ��������� ������ 3������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ SNS ������ 4������ ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������. SNS ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������. ��������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ������ ��������� ������������.
���, ��� ������������ SNS ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ���������.
��� ��������������� ������������ SNS��� ���������, ��������� 4������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ������������ ��������������� ��������������� ��������� ���������������.A growing number of Cosmetics enterprises are using social network services (SNS)��� However, previous research has rarely identified whether the companies are effectively communicating with consumers via SNS and what kinds of effects SNS quality actually have on Product ( brand) awareness , consumer satisfaction, and Intention to Purchase���
The purpose of this study is to examine the quality factors of cosmetic SNS based on previous research on SNS quality. We will investigate the effect of customer satisfaction and Product ( brand) awareness on Intention to Purchase in the Cosmetics Industry.
��������For this purpose, SNS quality factor is classified through review of previous studies. As a result, SNS quality derives information quality, aesthetics quality, and system quality and service quality.
In this way, the components of SNS quality are related to Product ( brand) awareness , consumer satisfaction, and Intention to Purchase . And the research model and the hypothesis were derived about the relationship between customer satisfaction and product awareness on purchase intention. A total of seven hypotheses were set and verified.
��������We selected 308 questionnaires for customers who have experience of purchasing cosmetics and have experienced using SNS.We used SPSS 25.0 for window for pre-analysis. To conduct this research, we gathered previous research data identifying the items of SNS quality and applied some SNS quality dimensions to the current study. In order to verify the validity, exploratory factor analysis was performed.
��������Based on the results of the study, the following results were obtained. SNS aesthetic quality, information quality, and service quality were found to affect product awareness, and four dimensions of SNS quality were all found to affect customer satisfaction. SNS quality influenced purchase intention, and product awareness and customer satisfaction were found to affect purchase intention. And information quality has the biggest influence on product awareness, customer satisfaction���product awareness and customer satisfaction showed mediating effect.
��������In other words, in this study, SNS quality was identified as influential variables, and the perceived product awareness and customer satisfaction had a significant influence on purchase intention again.
��������In this study, it has been confirmed that four practical and experiential qualities of SNS of cosmetics are important factors for product awareness and customer satisfaction, and it is confirmed that product awareness and customer satisfaction formed ultimately increase purchase intention of cosmetics .Maste
The Empirical Analysis of China-United States FTA
��� ��������� 2001-2016 ��� ������ ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������������ ������-������ ��������� ������ FTA ��� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ������ ��������� ������������ ������������. ��� ������ ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������. ��� ��������� GDP, ������ ������, ������ ��� ��������� ������ ��� ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������������. ������ GDP��� ������ ��������� ��������� ������+������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������-������ ������ ���������������. ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������������. ��������� ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ������������. ���������������, ��������������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������������ ������ ��������� ������. ��������� ��������������� ������ ��� ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ��� ������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������.The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of FTA on trade between China and the United States. And to measure the changes of social welfare level when the tariff is reduced to 0 in 2016. Using the annual import and export data, per capita real GDP, tariff rate, exchange rate, and trade conditions index, we established panel models respectively. Based on the results of empirical analysis, we conclude that first, GDP growth will promote trade growth between China and the United States. Second, an increase in the exchange rate of the RMB will help China's imports to the United States, and the exchange rate decline will benefit China's exports to the United States. Third, tariffs are inversely proportional to exports and imports. The signing FTA is conducive to the growth of import and export in China and the United States. Finally, the results of speculation of exports and imports by tariff cuts show that export creation is far higher than China's import creation, and that the tariffs reduction has a positive effect on trade creation between China and the United States.Maste
A Study on the Expanded Time and Space of Dance Expression through Bio Art
������ ��� ������ ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������������ ��������������������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������������������� ��������������� ��������������� ������. ��������� ��������������� 20��������� ��������������� ������������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ��� ��������� ������������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ��������� ������������������������ ��� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ���������.
������������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ������������ ��������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������ ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������������� ������ ������������������������ ��������� ������ ������������ ������������ ������ ������������. ������ ������ ������������ ������ ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ��� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������������������ ��������� ������ ��������������������� ������ ������, ��� ��������������������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ��� ���������, ��������������� ��� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������������ ������ ������������ ��������� ��������� ��������������������� ��� ������������ ���������. ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������������� ��������� ��������� ��� ��� ���������, ��������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ��������������� ��� ��������������������� ������������ ��������� ��������������� ��� ������������ ������ ��������������� ������������. ��������� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������������ ��������� ��������� ������, ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ���������������, ������������ ��������� ������(Analyzing performance:theater, dance, and film)��� ������������ ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������������� ������������ ���������������. ������ ������ ��������� ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ��� ��������� ���������������.
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