South Health and Policy (Journal)
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Incidence of Dyslipidemia as a public health issue within the provinces of Panamá, Herrera and Los Santos in patients of the General Medicine consultation at the Pueblo Nuevo Health Center, Hospital Dr. Gustavo Nelson Collado and Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco: Clinical record review during february 2024.
No full textThe main objective of this research is to raise awareness of the high frequency, risks and consequences of lipid disorders. This is a public health problem we are currently facing in our modern society. However, it is a problem whose relevance is not adequately recognized. The consequences of dyslipidemias are concerning, and when left untreated, they are detrimental to the patient\u27s health and quality of life.Increased cardiovascular risk, early development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis are just some of the consequences of sustained high lipid levels over time, as well as, the consumption of tobacco products and other substances. Therefore, patient information and education is of crucial interest to curb the development of the disease.We have gathered data from several institutions to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemias in different areas of the country. Additionally, our aim is to educate the patient as to the risks and consequences that exist and the importance of adherence to treatment in order to obtain maximum efficacy of the treatment and to minimize these risks and consequences
Electrocardiographic Changes of Sinoatrial Dysfunction in Hypoglycemia: A Case Report
No full textAcute and chronic hypoglycemia, induced by insulin or oral antidiabetic agents in a therapeutic context, is a cardiovascular risk factor that triggers endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis via pro-inflammatory mechanisms. It may be equally or more relevant than hyperglycemia, with the added threat of inducing arrhythmogenic and ischemic sudden death.We present the case of a 61-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, managed with long-acting insulin (30 units in the morning and 15 units at night), who developed fever, general malaise, and anorexia, followed by an episode of near syncope accompanied by profuse sweating. She was taken to the emergency department, where capillary blood glucose was found to be 2.4 mmol/L. A 12-lead ECG revealed sinus pauses, which resolved following administration of hypertonic dextrose.This case illustrates that hypoglycemia poses a real threat to the myocardium, not only due to its immediate proarrhythmic effects (linked to sudden death syndrome) but also due to its long-term proinflammatory and atherogenic effects, representing a major cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore, it is desirable and clinically pertinent to avoid hypoglycemic episodes of any intensity or duration in all diabetic patients—particularly those with underlying myocardial pathologies that increase the risk of sudden death: compromised systolic function, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic genotype, and history of resuscitation
HIV testing in Argentina: legal advances and persistent challenges
No full textIn recent decades, Argentina has developed a comprehensive health policy for testing for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), adapting to the social and epidemiological changes in the country and in Latin America. Since the passing of the National AIDS Law (No. 23,798) in 1990, and especially after its update with Law 27,675 in 2022, free, voluntary, confidential and non-prescription access to HIV testing was consolidated in both the public and private systems. This legislation promoted an approach based on human rights, a gender perspective, diversity and the elimination of structural barriers. The Ministry of Health promoted strategies such as rapid testing, which offered results in minutes and was applied in community and mobile settings. These actions, accompanied by national campaigns and the strong involvement of social organisations, facilitated early detection and the immediate start of treatment. However, challenges persisted related to stigma, lack of information, regional inequalities and access in key populations. Compared to other Latin American countries, Argentina led the way in inclusive regulations, while many still maintained restrictive requirements for testing. Argentina also adhered to global targets such as UNAIDS\u27 95-95-95 and the “Treatment for All” approach, standing out as a regional example. However, the success of its policies depended on their effective territorial implementation, continuous training and sustained political commitment to consolidate a stigma-free testing culture
Ultrasonographic characterization in patients with Peyronie\u27s disease
No full textIntroduction: Peyronie\u27s disease is a connective tissue disorder that presents as indurations or plaques, which are painful in the early phase of its evolution, especially with erection.Objective: To describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of lasting plaques in patients diagnosed with Peyronie\u27s disease.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on patients treated at the Comandante Pinares General Teaching Hospital in the urology and Imaging services in the period between January 2015 and June 2022. The universe was 245 patients with Peyronie\u27s disease, selected Using a probabilistic method, a sample of 159 was studied. The variables were studied: age, skin color, initial deviation of the penis, ultrasonographic findings, number of simple calcifications and calcified plaques. Descriptive statistics are used to process the information. Results: White patients between 50 and 59 years of age predominated. The average age was 52.2 ± 6.8 years. The plaque was located more frequently on the dorsal surface greater than 60%. Simple calcifications prevailed with 103 (64.8%) followed by calcified plaques with 56 (35.2%) According to size, large calcifications predominated with 85 patients for 82.5%. Regarding calcified plaques, the large ones obtained the highest value with 30 for 53.5%.Conclusions: Ultrasound was a useful technique to achieve the description of linear images with the appearance of fibrocalcifications in patients with Peyronie\u27s disease
Multiresistant tuberculosis: when should multi-resistant tuberculosis be suspected in children and adolescents?
No full textBackground: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly affects the respiratory system but can spread to other organs. Its resistance arises from inappropriate use of antibiotics, complicating treatment. Its control depends on rapid diagnoses and solid health programs, especially in young people, where conditions such as HIV worsen the prognosis. Material and methods: A systematic review of bibliography published in scientific journals was carried out with the aim of compiling all the evidence available to date in order to answer the question posed. When to suspect MR TB in children and adolescents? Results: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children presents significant diagnostic and clinical challenges. The studies reviewed highlight risk factors such as history of treatment and contact with resistant TB. Tools such as GeneXpert and MTBDRplus facilitate rapid diagnosis, and preventive therapy with isoniazid could reduce progression to active TB in close contacts. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of combining advanced diagnostic methods, a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological context, and additional support strategies to address the challenges of MDR-TB in children and adolescents. This combination of approaches can guide clinical decision making and strengthen capacity to effectively identify and treat youth at risk for MDR-TB.
Precision pediatric oncology: achievements, prospects, and current challenges
No full textThe Oncologia of precision is based in that the final cause in the genesis of the cancer is in genetic mutations, its knowledge allows to establish identification strategies and application of the preventive boarding, diagnosis and therapeutic more effective. In their bigger one he/she leaves it has not applied in the attention of the pediatric cancer. Inside their purposes in this field meet the integration of the genetic-molecular information with the available information in other databases to identify susceptible reveilles of personalized treatments. He/she was carried out a bibliographical revision with the objective of characterizing the medicine of precision like novel and promising applicable science to the diagnosis and treatment of the cancer in pediatric ages. For the achievement of the objective 22 bibliographies were consulted. You concluded that, through the use of tools genómicas of new generation, the oncología of precision has arrived to the pediatric practice at the moment outlining new opportunities and challenges
Ai for autonomous health care on diabetes diagnostics
No full textThe project aims to improve diabetes prediction using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AIML) technologies. Diabetes is a chronic disease that needs to be detected early and monitored regularly. Conventional diagnostic methods are based on clinical evaluation and laboratory tests, which are time-consuming and expensive. The system uses cloud computing and machine learning algorithms to create a scalable and effective diabetes prediction model. With patient health data like glucose levels, BMI, age, and insulin levels, the system implements machine learning techniques like Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Neural Networks to estimate the probability of diabetes. Integration with the cloud provides real-time analytics, data security, and easy access to healthcare professionals
Multiple and bilateral renoureteral malformations. Case report and literature review
No full textCongenital malformations constitute anomalies of structure and/or function of prenatal origin, which are often asymptomatic or cause few symptoms, but currently have a high incidence. With the aim of showing the findings detected in the imaging studies carried out, the case of a young adult with repeated mild urinary sepsis is presented, who was diagnosed with multiple and bilateral renoureteral malformations in the infertility consultation. The majority of congenital renoureteral malformations imply serious biopsychosocial problems for the patient, with the consequent impact on the psychological sphere and the social life of family members when diagnosed in the prenatal stage, so they inevitably constitute a health problem, since they contribute to fetal and infant mortality or increased morbidity in any age group. For this reason, early diagnosis is essential to guarantee appropriate behavior and quality of life. Keywords: congenital malformations; renoureteral malformations; early diagnostic; ultrasound; descending urogram; double excretory system; ureterocele; reflux vesicouretera
Presenteeism in Nursing: A reflection on the implications for health and the contribution of clinical governance
No full textIntroduction: the phenomenon of going to work sick is common in professions with high social and interpersonal demands. The prevalence of presenteeism has increased in nursing, leading to a deterioration in nurses\u27 health, a decrease in the quality of care provided, and an increased risk for patients. The objective was to analyze the increase in presenteeism among nurses, its impact on the quality of care and the role of clinical governance. Method: database research and critical analysis of selected articles. Results: the prevalence of presenteeism in nursing varies between 30% and 94%, making it the most affected professional category among healthcare professionals. The consequences include compromising the physical and mental health of professionals, decreased productivity, decreased quality of care, and increased adverse events. Factors such as a sense of responsibility, scarce human resources, and unhealthy work environments contribute to this phenomenon. Clinical governance, by promoting a culture of safety and well-being, can minimize presenteeism.Conclusion: clinical governance can reduce the impact of presenteeism by implementing strategies such as promoting self-care, psychological support, professional development, participatory management and resource optimization, thereby ensuring the sustainability of care and the safety of users.
Pseudomonas spp as a pathogen responsable for sepsis in pediatric ages
No full textIntroduction: Pseudomonas infections have suffered transformations at their origin , incidence and antimicrobial resistance.Objetive: Compare community infections and those associated with health care for Pseudomonas in patients admited to the pediatricProvincial Hospital Pepe Portilladuring the year 2022.Method: 65 patients with positive isolation of Pseudomonas spp were studied, the simple corresponded to 57 of them whopresented a clinical suspicion or confirmation of an infection associatedwith helth or community assistance by gender.For statistical analysis, the satatistical Package for Social Sciences versión 12.0 for qualitative and quantitative variables was used.Resul: the 87,69% of the patients expressed clinical disease predominating in a 32,3% comunity origen. Associated comorbilities and inapropiate use of antimicrobials (100 %) resulted in risk factors.the frequented with a 22,8% otitis in the community and pneumonis in the hospital sphere.Pseudomona aeruginosa turned out to be th most frequent species.Imipenem an Meropenem showed the highest levels of resistance, panresistence affect in the community.Conclusions: The community origen of clinically expressed infectioms prevailed. Pseudomona aeriginosa cause number of infections with vital commitment in both infections contexts. The carbapenemic showed hight antimicrobial resistance