South Health and Policy (Journal)
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Alzheimer\u27s disease as a neurodegenerative manifestation of type 2 diabetes
No full textThe research addressed the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer\u27s disease, two pathologies of high prevalence and impact. Although traditionally considered independent diseases, they were shown to share common pathophysiological mechanisms such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Scientific evidence allowed the hypothesis of Alzheimer\u27s as a possible ‘type 3 diabetes’ to be proposed, highlighting the implication of genetic factors, such as the ε4 allele of the APOE gene. In addition, antidiabetic therapies with neuroprotective potential, such as intranasal insulin and metformin, were analysed. This complex and multifactorial relationship offered new therapeutic and preventive perspectives for both diseases, especially in older adults
Violence: manifestations in the health field
No full textIntroduction: Violence in the health system is a complex phenomenon that affects both workers and users, generating physical, psychological, and social consequences. This study investigates how these manifestations are perceived and experienced in a public institution in southern Santa Fe, also considering the structural role of the health system in the reproduction of such situations.Methods: A mixed-method (quantitative-qualitative) approach was applied, with an analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional design. The unit of analysis was the “perception of violence.” Interviews were conducted with 97% of the health institution’s workers in Zavalla, and 64 users randomly selected. The interviews were semi-structured, guided by thematic reflection axes.Results: Workers expressed a high perception of institutional violence: 60% do not feel safe in their workplace, 52% feel their proposals are not considered, and 76% believe the employer does not meet objectives. Furthermore, 70% of conflicts with users are verbal, and 24% physical. From the users’ side, 30% feel unsafe in the institution, and 30% believe their rights are not respected. Although 77% feel their health concerns are addressed, verbal (14%) and physical (3%) mistreatment is also evident.Conclusions: The study reveals a systematic issue of violence in the health sector, perceived and suffered by both parties. Generalized dissatisfaction and precarious working and social conditions are contributing factors to these manifestations. Solutions must go beyond the health field and involve the State in structurally improving living conditions, health services, and labor conditions
Characterization of acute renal failure due to cisplatin in cancer patients
No full textIntroduction. Cisplatin is the most nephrotoxic antineoplastic drug and the main cause of acute renal failure in cancer patients. Aim. To characterize acute renal failure due to cisplatin in oncology patients treated in the Nephrology clinic belonging to the “III Congreso” Hospital in the period 2020-2022. Method. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in oncological patients with acute renal failure due to cisplatin, belonging to the Nephrology clinic of Hospital III Congreso, Pinar del Río city, during the period 2020-2022. Variables were defined as: sex, age, presence of active oncological disease, presence of acute renal failure, stage of acute renal failure, urinary volume, urinary sediment, risk factors. The universe was made up of 52 patients, taking as a sample 23 who met the inclusion criteria. The collection of information took into account theoretical, empirical and statistical methods. Results. Male patients aged ≥ 60 years predominated. There was a higher frequency of active neoplastic disease in relation to ARF. Patients who presented ARF predominated for 52.17% and in Stage II of the disease, with a urinary volume of 0.5-3 L/24 hours. Active urinary sediment predominated for 52.17%. Hypovolemia was the risk factor most associated with ARF, for 39.13%. Conclusions. Acute kidney damage, both functional and structural, should be studied more precisely in a cancer patient subjected to toxic drug attacks, in order to prevent kidney consequences
Measles: A Comprehensive Review of the Virus and Its Public Health Implications
No full textHistorically, measles has been an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global vaccination efforts have had a transformative impact, with measles immunization estimated to have prevented more than 60 million deaths globally between 2000 and 2023. Despite these successes, the global goal of measles elimination by 2030, outlined in the Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2021-2030, is now under considerable threat due to the recent re-emergence of the disease. Addressing the measles crisis is not only about containing this specific virus, but also about strengthening the fundamental resilience of public health systems worldwide to prepare for and mitigate a broader spectrum of infectious disease threats. This narrative review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global re-emergence of measles. Clinical and epidemiological trends will be detailed, key factors contributing to this resurgence will be identified, and public health implications will be examined. An analysis of the situation in Bolivia will be included, offering localized perspectives on the challenges and responses. Finally, the article will conclude with strategic recommendations for public health interventions and future preparedness
Ethical conflicts in nursing care: dilemmas, professional burnout and coping strategies
No full textIntroduction: nursing professionals are the main direct care health personnel in the different care services, focused on human care; however, work overload affects the emotional-physical health of the professional. Therefore, it was proposed to analyze the ethical questions that occur in nursing staff during care that causes professional burnout, as well as the coping strategies implemented to overcome them. Method: a bibliographic review of original scientific articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese was carried out; 30 studies were selected by convenience sampling from indexed sources such as SCOPUS, Scielo, and Dialnet; these were organized in an Excel matrix for their analysis by applying the CASPe critical reading rubric. Results: professionals face several challenges in their work activities, which makes it necessary to implement stress management techniques, such as meditation or breathing exercises, which help them to remain calm in high-pressure situations. Conclusions: the nursing professional currently faces highly complex and demanding situations in health care services. Psychosocial factors such as work overload, lack of organizational support, and low autonomy at work are key determinants in the development of this syndrome. The implementation of programs that address both ethical dilemmas and coping strategies is essential to preserve the mental health of professionals and ensure quality patient care.
Demographic and clinical factors associated with kidney disease in oncohematological patients
No full textIntroduction: the life expectancy of patients with oncohematological diseases is increasing, and there is an increasing likelihood that these malignancies coexist with varying degrees of renal involvement. The incidence of oncohematological diseases, as well as the morbidity and mortality they cause, make it a health problem that requires the adoption of specific measures aimed at raising awareness of the problem, identifying it early, developing guidelines for action in accordance with current knowledge, and facilitating their application in healthcare practice. Objective: to describe the factors associated with the progression of kidney disease in oncohematological patients. Methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted in the hematology department of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río from May 2020 to May 2022, with 53 patients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to display qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: in the present study, it was observed that among oncohematological patients with kidney disease, male sex, white race, and age between 58 and 67 years predominated. Multiple myeloma was the most frequent oncohematological disease and the one associated with the need for hemodialysis. The use of etoposide was associated with the need for hemodialysis treatment. Conclusions: both the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and the use of etoposide are factors associated with the progressive deterioration of kidney disease
Recommendation for the safety and health of international collaborators en the 21 century
No full textIntroduction: The international Cuban’s health workers help to many populations through the world whom need this health services in special geographical, social and environmental condition. Take care of health, safety and wellbeing of these workers is responsibility of the Occupational Epidemiology in the country. Objective: To recommender training and learning as measure of prevention and promotion of health for these populations. This measure of training and qualification actions that must be carried out before, during and after the health professional fulfills his mission abroad. Development: It gives continuity to a group of questions that were formulated regarding “The safety and health of worker´s health in the 21st century. A challenge for Cuban occupational epidemiology”, article published in 2018. These measures pointed out the importance of health and safety training which is why a series of preventive measures are recommended in order to minimize the risks aim to increase the knowledge and risk perception of these personnel regarding the potential dangers that may arise, as well as for their better prevention and control, following the prerogative of “Caring for those who Care” is a right to the health of internationalist collaborators. Conclusion: The right to health for these professionals lies in the prevention and promotion of health in this area being permanent and the feedback upon return to the country essential for the preparation of future collaborators
Refractory epilepsy and medicinal cannabis: therapeutic advances in Argentina
No full textDuring the period 2022-2024, the use of cannabidiol (CBD) was evaluated in Argentina as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by seizures that do not respond to conventional drugs. Refractory epilepsy had a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, which motivated the search for more effective therapies. In this context, CBD, a non-psychoactive compound derived from cannabis, was studied for its potential anticonvulsant effect.The clinical research reviewed showed that CBD significantly reduced seizure frequency in a relevant percentage of patients, especially those with severe syndromes such as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut. In addition, an acceptable safety profile was reported, with mostly mild adverse effects. In Argentina, the progressive legalization of medical cannabis, through Decree 883/2020 and Law 27,669, allowed progress in the research, production and access to CBD. Through REPROCANN, patients accessed therapeutic formulations under medical supervision.However, structural challenges persisted, such as low national production, high costs, lack of professional training and disparities in access between regions. The review concluded that CBD is a valid therapeutic option for refractory epilepsy, but its implementation requires comprehensive policies that guarantee equitable access, medical training and sustainable national productionr
Mapping Scientific Production on Physical Disability, Health, Work, and Human Dignity: A Bibliometric Analysis (1924–2024)
No full textIntroduction: Physical disability is a complex social issue that intertwines with health, job inclusion, and the essence of human dignity. Even though it’s a topic of global importance, research in this field is quite uneven, particularly in Latin America. Methods: This study performed a descriptive bibliometric analysis of 25,339 documents listed in the Scopus database from 1924 to 2024. We used Boolean operators (AND, OR) to effectively combine the terms physical disability, health, work, and human dignity, ensuring we stayed on point thematically. We looked at indicators like the number of publications, citation rates, collaboration patterns, and types of documents. Results: Our findings show a steady increase in scientific output from 1990 to 2023, but there was a notable 40.4% drop in 2024, likely due to systemic delays or under-indexing. Most of the publications come from high-income countries, and international collaborations tend to have the highest citation impact (4.04 citations per document). Original articles make up the bulk (77%), and while the focus is predominantly biomedical, we’re starting to see more interdisciplinary contributions from social sciences, psychology, and environmental sciences. Commonly used keywords include “work disability,” “mental health,” and “return to work,” highlighting the field’s emphasis on psychosocial and occupational reintegration. Conclusions: While research on physical disability, work, and health is well-established, it clearly shows regional and thematic gaps. Moving forward, we should encourage inclusive, cross-sectoral collaboration and boost participation from underrepresented areas. It’s crucial to integrate human dignity as a core analytical focus to steer academic discussions toward equity, justice, and effective job inclusion for individuals with physical disabilities
Hemodynamic monitoring protocol using ultrasound in patients with acute renal failure
No full textIntroduction: in patients with acute renal failure, hemodynamic monitoring is essential. In this regard, ultrasound techniques are highly useful due to their safety and informational value, enabling timely diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.Objectives: develop a protocol for hemodynamic monitoring by ultrasound in patients with acute renal failure.Methods: a descriptive technological development research project was conducted. Theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used. It was developed in three phases: 1) theoretical argumentation phase, 2) protocol development phase, and 3) protocol evaluation phase. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of medical ethics and was approved by an institutional Scientific Council.Results: a structured protocol was developed in the diagnostic sequence: lung ultrasound (LUS), assessment of systemic congestion (VExUS) and echocardiography (FoCUS).Conclusions: the protocolized use of ultrasound for hemodynamic monitoring is a noninvasive and valuable tool in the evaluation and management of acute renal failure, providing critical information on the anatomy and function of the kidneys and other related organs, allowing for better treatment guidance for this condition