South Health and Policy (Journal)
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Self-efficacy and its sociodemographic factors in nursing students at a South American higher education institution
No full textIntroduction: Self-efficacy, understood as the belief in one\u27s own ability to face and overcome challenges, plays a fundamental role in the academic performance and personal well-being of university students, especially in areas such as nursing that demand high levels of commitment and resilience. Identifying the level of self-efficacy and its relationship with sociodemographic factors allows for a better understanding of students\u27 needs and strengths, as well as guiding effective educational interventions.Objective: To determine the level of self-efficacy of nursing students and its sociodemographic factors.Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with 270 students who completed a sociodemographic form and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Jerusalem M & Schwarzer R (1981). Participants were included using a simple random stratified method. A descriptive analysis was performed. The variables on the quantitative measurement scale are described as absolute and relative frequencies together with their 95% confidence intervals. To verify the distribution of the variables, the Shapiro-Will test was used.Results: The participants had an average age of 22, 81% were women, 53% of the students surveyed had a high level of self-efficacy, and only 4% had a low level of self-efficacy. Conclusions: Having a high level of self-efficacy is a strong predictor of academic success
Building a Resilient Health Workforce in the South America: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Nursing Education
No full textIntroduction: This study addressed self-efficacy as a fundamental factor in the academic training of nursing students. It was understood as the personal perception of the ability to organise and execute actions aimed at achieving specific objectives. Given the demands of the nursing profession, the need to strengthen this belief in order to adequately face academic and clinical challenges was recognised.Development: Self-efficacy was analysed as a dynamic construct influenced by motivation, social context, personal factors and sociodemographic data. Key concepts such as academic performance, motivation, university education and characteristics of nursing students were defined. It was identified that academic performance depended on multiple variables, including individual effort, perseverance, the psychosocial environment, and the student\u27s level of commitment to their training process. In addition, it was highlighted that students with higher self-efficacy showed better academic performance, greater willingness to face challenges, and a more positive attitude towards learning.Conclusion: The study concluded that self-efficacy played a decisive role in the comprehensive training of future nursing professionals. By strengthening this belief, not only was better academic performance promoted, but also safer and more empathetic clinical preparation. Therefore, the need for educational institutions to design pedagogical strategies that foster self-efficacy as the basis for meaningful learning and ethical and competent professional practice was highlighted
Content validity for the identification of occupational and ergonomic risks in the management of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
No full textIntroduction: The team of professionals involved in the management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography experiences occupational and ergonomic risks, for which validation instruments are required to facilitate the identification of these risks, in order to prevent occupational diseases. Objective: To validate the instruments for identifying occupational and ergonomic risks in the management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, using statistical methods of competence coefficient, Aiken\u27s V and calculation of confidence intervals. Methods: Content validity was assessed using expert criteria based on Aiken\u27s V. The study was conducted from February to April 2025. The experts\u27 competency coefficient was taken into account. Content validation was performed using Aiken\u27s V and its confidence intervals. Results: The instrument was comprehensively validated, with a score of 0.98 for occupational hazards (98.21%), while the ergonomic hazards instrument validation yielded an overall score of 0.99 for 98.93%, which is considered good, above 75%. The confidence intervals confirm the study\u27s validity. Conclusions: Content validation was performed, which favors reliable research results. Specialist suggestions were taken into account based on the clarity and comprehension of the occupational risk instrument
Technological and Project-Based Learning Models for the Development of Informational Skills
No full textThis study systematizes theoretical and empirical evidence on the integration of technological models and Project-Based Learning (PBL) in higher education, analyzing their impact on the development of informational skills. Through a review, key principles for effective implementation were identified: analogical deduction, logical consistency, systemic character, and operational simplicity. The results reveal that technology-enhanced PBL significantly improves critical thinking, collaboration, and information management. However, contextual gaps persist, underscoring the need for local adaptations. The study proposes an action framework for educators and highlights the urgency of integrating AI tools into PBL methodologies to address scalability challenges
The evanescent tumor, a real diagnostic challenge, in relation to a case
No full textIntroduction: Phantom tumor or evanescent tumor refers to an interlobar pleural effusion that occurs in patients with decompensated heart failure and resembles a lung tumor or mass that disappears after appropriate treatment. Its frequency is unknown.Objective: This entity was described based on a case report, emphasizing the proper use of the clinical method.Case report: The case of a 74-year-old male patient with a past medical history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease is presented. He presented with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, pinpoint pain in the side extending to the right costal margin, fever of 38°C, crackles toward the lung bases, painful hepatomegaly, and edema in both lower limbs. The diagnosis of this presentation, the evanescent tumor or phantom tumor, is achieved through correct use of the clinical method supported by serial chest radiographs and is confirmed by the resolution of the effusion after initiating diuretic treatment.Conclusions: The relevance of this case lies in describing the difficulty of diagnosis, despite the potential complications of a late diagnosis, and demonstrating the need for accurate and effective application of the method
Lepromatous leprosy: case report
No full textHansen\u27s disease or leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. As old as man himself, those who suffer from it continue to be marginalized and stigmatized as they were thousands of years ago. The World Health Organization (WHO), has developed a program aimed at preventing, diagnosing in a timely manner and treating it appropriately. In many cases, patients with leprosy are diagnosed late, accompanied by irreversible disabilities. For this reason, it is appropriate to present a clinical case of lepromatous leprosy, with late diagnosis and grade 2 disability, who was treated in de Dermatology Service of the Dr. Leon Cuervo Rubio teaching clinical surgical hospital in Pinar del Rio, due to skin lesions, with loss of sensitivity and bone resorption, of 5 years of evolution. A bacilloscopy was indicated which confirmed the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy, so combined polychemotherapy was started, although he is still under treatment. It is vitally important to continue training the Basic Health Team to be able to make early diagnoses of leprosy at the primary care level, thus avoiding the appearance of disabilities
Psychosocial and mental health interventions developed by health professionals
No full textIntroduction: Psychosocial interventions in mental health are becoming increasingly important in protecting patients\u27 mental health, as these tools are an easy, safe and effective way to prevent and treat mental health disorders in individuals. Objective: To identify from the scientific literature the psychosocial and mental health interventions developed by health professionals.Methodology: Narrative review through searches in databases provided by the Cooperative University of Colombia, such as BVS and Taylor & Francis, and in search engines such as SciELO and Google Scholar, where 30 scientific articles in English and Spanish were identified, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Participants were identified between 35 weeks of gestation and 76 years of age, with a predominance of the 30-60 age group. Likewise, it was established that the predominant type of diagnosis or history in 30% of cases was people with some type of psychopathology. It was established that 63% of the articles analysed included interventions that sought to use a single method to cover mental health promotion, mental disorder prevention and mental illness treatment. Similarly, 44% of the interventions carried out were music therapy, and the health professionals who were most actively involved in the application of the interventions were nurses and psychologists.Conclusions. This research is of great importance for human talent in health, as this narrative review identified psychosocial interventions that are effective in improving the mental health of individuals, families and groups. Among these interventions, music therapy, auriculotherapy and aromatherapy stood out, among others that had positive effects on participants.
Right Atrial Thrombus as a Cause of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
No full textThrombi mainly form in the left heart chambers, particularly in dilated atria and in the context of atrial fibrillation. The presence of thrombi in the right atrium is uncommon; they are more often the result of peripheral venous circulation emboli, and less frequently, they originate in situ. In Latin America, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is approximately 1 case per 1,000 people per year, and that of pulmonary embolism is 0.5 cases per 1,000 people per year. This clinical case presents a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed with a serpentine thrombus in the right atrium and dilated right heart chambers, successfully treated with oral anticoagulation
Comprehensive approach to mental health from nursing and evidence-based care
No full textIntroduction: The review addressed the importance of mental health knowledge among healthcare personnel, especially nurses, as a basis for implementing effective prevention, promotion, and treatment strategies. It was suggested that, despite the wide range of information available, healthcare professionals demonstrated a lack of knowledge in the application of psychosocial interventions, which limited their use in a comprehensive approach to patients and their environment.Development: During the analysis, various interventions framed in standardised NIC language were identified, including physiological and psychosocial actions focused on comprehensive care. Nursing, as a discipline, applied both conventional techniques and holistic strategies—relaxation, massage, aromatherapy, acupuncture, and music therapy—to reduce stress, improve quality of life, and support mental health. These interventions were based on scientific evidence and were implemented depending on the level of professional training. In addition, the concept of psychosocial intervention was explored, understood as a means of modifying harmful environments and behaviours. The types of mental disorder prevention (universal, selective and indicated) were also analysed, highlighting the need for early intervention. The Colombian legal context, through Law 1616 of 2013, supported the right to comprehensive mental health care. Finally, Phil Barker\u27s recovery model offered a humanistic approach, centred on the patient\u27s experience.Conclusion: It was concluded that strengthening the knowledge and application of psychosocial interventions by health personnel, especially nurses, was essential for humanised, scientific and culturally sensitive care that guaranteed the quality of life of the individual, their family and the community.
Characterization of the families belonging to the medical clinic 56 of the municipality Guantánamo
No full textIntroduction: in the context of the medical practice, the deep understanding of the family dynamics and their influence in the individual health is fundamental to offer an integral and effective attention. The families don\u27t only act as support units, but rather they play a crucial part in the prevention of illnesses, the handling of conditions of health and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Objective: to characterize to the families of the Medical Clinic of the Family 56 belonging to the Basic Group of Work 3 of the Policlinic Asdrúbal López Vázquez during the period January - March of the 2024. Methods: he/she was carried out a descriptive, observational study and of traverse court. The universe was constituted by all the families of that clinic and it was selected like sample the 30 families assigned to the medicine students in the third semester like part of the Own Course III of the subject Prevention in Health. Results: the families of the CMF 56 are characterized by bigger females representation and unemployed, equally a prevalence of nuclear, medium families exists and in the stage of extension of the vital cycle, the most present crisis was for dismemberment. Conclusions: the identified characteristics allowed to give to light the main problems of health in the families.