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The Role of Cultural and Ethnic Identity in Contemporary Media Dynamics: Market Potential and Influence
Full text linkIntroduction: The research aims to elucidate the role of the media and the media market in the contemporary geopolitical landscape, both at the global and national levels. This will be achieved by examining the media’s potential to contribute to conflict within ethnic and cultural identity patterns and the formation and persistence of these patterns.Methods: The foundation of research consists of hypotheses, notions, concepts, and terminology devised in the field of globalisation and geopolitics and inseparable from national-cultural identity. Moreover, systemic, synergetic, dialectical, comparative, socio-cultural, and civilisational approaches constitute the methodological apparatus of the research.Results: Findings demonstrate that media products, as well as the media market itself, represent a resource considerably contributing to ethnic conflict mobilisation. In mass communication, social actors put all efforts into presenting their peace/conflict projects as beneficial ones to society. The findings also suggest that today, studies in media, journalism, and contemporary do not pay much attention to critical assessment of the role of news media in propaganda production and distribution on the basement of narratives within the domain of ethnic and cultural identity. Thus, the evident need for filling this research gap is stressed.Conclusions: In the current conditions, the media market has grown and transformed into a full-blown and inherent constituent of postclassical geopolitics. The issue concerning how culture’s symbolic capital functions in the information/media realm is increasingly becoming more than just an abstract theoretical one; it is becoming strategically important from a geopolitical standpoint.
A Pedagogical Exploration of the Challenges and Efficacy Performance in Integrating Literature into Language Teaching
Full text linkThe adoption of contemporary teaching ideas in language education has been influenced by psychological, linguistic, political, and pedagogical perspectives derived from "a mixture of assertion, theory, observation, and experiment" over the past century. In the past few decades, literature has been regarded as a significant instrument in teaching foreign languages. It is a critical element of language acquisition and education. Nevertheless, there are certain obstacles to the integration of language and literature. The initial obstacle is the absence of suitable pedagogical instruments for teaching language through literature. The second obstacle is the absence of adequate literary preparation for language instruction. The third issue is the absence of sufficient objectives to recognise the significance of literature in language acquisition. Numerous academicians have endeavoured to integrate literature into the teaching of language; however, their objectives remain incomplete as a result of their lack of expertise in the respective discipline. Consequently, in order to address research voids, we are integrating language and literature by delineating the purpose of language education in accordance with the expectations and desires of learners. Subsequently, it is imperative that we determine an appropriate language instructional approach. Third, it is imperative to select literary materials that are pertinent to the educational objectives. Lastly, the statistical Likert scale can be employed to evaluate the efficacy of the teaching. The results have shown that literary works improve students\u27 linguistic skills, emotional development, and creativity
Organized crime and underage recruitment in Ecuador
Full text linkWhen addressing the issue of organized crime in Ecuador, a phenomenon that has been marked by successive waves of violence and criminality, it is increasingly necessary to recognize the participation of minors who are recruited by criminal organizations to carry out their criminal activities. The objective of the research is to evaluate the ineffectiveness of the socio-educational measures imposed on these minors and their non-imputability in the face of criminally relevant conduct. This reflection is based on various arguments and findings that show the urgency of reviewing and adjusting the current approach to address this problem from a legal and comprehensive perspective, which leads to a rapid solution to the problems that exist in the country today. The methodology used was qualitative, focused on a documentary analysis of the non-imputability of minors and the ineffectiveness of the socio-educational measures imposed on them after committing a crime, which do not contribute to the re-education of minors or to the appropriate work from educational institutions. The results showed that crimes committed by young people have increased significantly in the country, which has generated growing concern about their magnitude and dangerousness, given that these offenders benefit from not being able to be held accountable, regardless of the crime committed. In conclusion, minors frequently break the rules due to a lack of adequate care, and socio-educational measures do not meet the objective for which they were established, which highlights the need for new analysis and changes in the penal system
Proposed legislative reform as a measure against non-consensual wire transfers in Ecuador
Full text linkEl presente estudio aborda la creciente problemática de las transferencias electrónicas no consentidas en Ecuador y la insuficiencia de las medidas actuales para proteger a las víctimas. Utilizando un enfoque mixto, se recopilaron datos mediante encuestas a expertos en derecho penal e informático y titulares de cuentas bancarias. Los resultados evidencian que el 60% de los encuestados ha sido víctima de estos fraudes, destacando la ineficiencia del procedimiento legal vigente para la recuperación de activos. Como solución, se propone una reforma al artículo 231 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal que incluya el bloqueo temporal de activos ilícitos como medida de aseguramiento inmediato. El análisis multicriterio revela que esta alternativa es más efectiva y rápida frente a otras medidas como el embargo de cuentas bancarias o la intervención judicial, aunque enfrenta desafíos en costos administrativos y viabilidad legal.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Rebuilding the Post-war Economy and Ensuring Cyber Security: An Example from Ukraine
Full text linkThis paper explores the dual role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in Ukraine’s post-war economic recovery and cybersecurity using Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). The simulation reveals that sectors like manufacturing and banking rapidly adopt AI due to clear productivity and security benefits, leading to positive spillover effects across the broader economy. However, slower adoption in sectors such as agriculture and retail highlights the need for government intervention, such as subsidies and tax incentives, to ensure a balanced recovery. In cybersecurity, AI-enhanced defence mechanisms significantly improve threat detection and response, though they also introduce new vulnerabilities, requiring continuous system updates to stay ahead of evolving threats. The findings emphasise the importance of strategic AI adoption and adaptive cybersecurity policies in Ukraine’s post-war context, with implications for future economic stability and national security. The study also identifies critical areas for future research, including data validation and further exploration of AI vulnerabilities
Impact of Low versus High PEEP Strategies on Respiratory Mechanics and Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Full text linkIntroduction: The optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure remains debated. High PEEP may enhance alveolar recruitment and oxygenation but increase plateau and driving pressures, risking ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Conversely, low PEEP may reduce overdistension but promote alveolar collapse and hypoxemia. Understanding how PEEP strategies affect respiratory mechanics and outcomes is crucial for individualized ventilator management.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit of Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Miguel Enríquez, Havana, Cuba, between January 2021 and January 2022. Thirty adult patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥48 hours were allocated to a low PEEP group (8–12 cmH₂O, n = 15) or a high PEEP group (15–18 cmH₂O, n = 15). Data collected included respiratory mechanics (PaO₂/FiO₂, static compliance, plateau and driving pressures), hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, vasopressor use), and clinical outcomes (duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, 28-day mortality, barotrauma, ventilator-associated pneumonia).Results: Among 30 patients, high PEEP improved oxygenation compared with low PEEP (PaO₂/FiO₂ 218 ± 10 vs 170 ± 38 mmHg; p < 0.01). Plateau (28 ± 4 vs 21 ± 3 cmH₂O; p < 0.001) and driving pressures (15 ± 3 vs 11 ± 2 cmH₂O; p < 0.001) were higher in the high PEEP group, whereas static compliance was similar (36 ± 7 vs 38 ± 6 mL/cmH₂O; p = 0.34). Hemodynamics and major outcomes were comparable. Barotrauma occurred in two patients in the high PEEP group and in none in the low PEEP group.Conclusion: High PEEP improves oxygenation but increases plateau and driving pressures, highlighting the need for individualized titration to minimize VILI risk. Both low and high PEEP strategies were well tolerated, with similar hemodynamic stability and short-term mortality, supporting personalized ventilator management in ICU patients
Factors affecting the vulnerability of children\u27s rights in Ecuador
No full textThe principle of the best interests of the child is a fundamental pillar of the Ecuadorian legal system, which obliges all social actors to prioritize the well-being and integral development of children and adolescents. Currently, minors are increasingly immersed in the use of information and communication technologies through digital platforms, which offer both opportunities and risks. The objective of this research is to identify the factors influencing the guarantees for protecting children and adolescents in the digital environment. The research employed a mixed approach. Techniques such as surveys, interviews, Pareto diagrams, and a hierarchical analysis process (AHP) were applied. Factors requiring more attention or resources to improve child digital protection were identified, revealing violations of children\u27s and adolescents\u27 rights. Actions are proposed considering the hierarchical order of the identified factors
Practical approaches to overcoming financial challenges in small-scale ventures and promoting their sustainability
Full text linkSmall businesses are fundamental to the global economy, as they generate employment, boost local economies and contribute to GDP. However, they face significant financial challenges that threaten their sustainability, such as limited access to financing, lack of financial management skills and vulnerability to economic fluctuations. If left unaddressed, these problems can limit their growth or cause their closure. This study analyzes these challenges and proposes strategies to strengthen the sustainability of ventures. Using a mixed approach based on literature review and surveys applied to urban and rural entrepreneurs in linkage projects during 2024, key measures were identified. These include financial training programs, diversification of financing sources such as microcredit and collective platforms, and financial management tools such as budget control and cost analysis. In addition, the importance of fostering strategic alliances with public, private and academic organizations to create support networks and promote policies that promote formalization and competitiveness is underscored. Addressing these challenges with a comprehensive approach will allow the consolidation of resilient enterprises, improving their financial viability and contribution to economic and social development
Experimental methods of teaching computer graphics and design: Impact on the creative potential of higher education students
Full text linkIntroduction: The increasing global reliance on digital tools has elevated the demand for specialists adept in computer graphics and design, emphasizing the need for creative thinking and graphic competence. This study investigates the impact of experimental methods for teaching computer graphics and design on fostering the creative potential of higher education students.Objectives: The primary objectives include defining key concepts like "graphic competence," outlining its components, identifying stages of professional training, and evaluating the content, forms, methods, and tools used in developing graphic competence.Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining theoretical analysis of educational models and practical experimentation in classroom settings. Data was collected through surveys, portfolio assessments, and reflective journals.Results: The findings highlight that incorporating activity-based, competence-oriented, and creative approaches significantly enhances students’ motivation, spatial imagination, reflection, empathy, and aesthetic taste. The staged training model—comprising search and research, practical and artistic, and formative phases—proved effective in cultivating graphic competence. Key results also show that integrating modern design software, such as Adobe Creative Suite and Blender, alongside tailored pedagogical methods, leads to improved professional readiness and innovative thinking.Conclusions: In conclusion, the study underscores the transformative role of experimental teaching methods in shaping not only the professional skills but also the creative self-awareness of students. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on designing effective educational frameworks for creative disciplines.
The Use of 3D Printers for the Manufacture of Complex Multi-Component Dentures in Dentistry
Full text linkIntroduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has transformed dentistry by enhancing precision, efficiency, and reducing material waste in prosthesis manufacturing. The objective of this study is to evaluates (3D) printing effectiveness and operational parameters by assessing technology used, workflow efficiency, patient outcomes and complications in dental procedures, focusing on its clinical applicability and impact on patient care. Methods: A systematic literature review was done for articles from 2015 to 2024. A systematic search of multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, yielded 3785 studies, which were narrowed to 15 studies that focused on 3D printing technology in multi-part dental prostheses. Results: The 3D-printed material was compared with conventional rapid prototyping material, and good strength characteristics of the prostheses were achieved. 3D-printed prostheses\u27 long-term performance depends on constantly developing techniques and technologies. 3D-printed prosthesis accuracy was relatively high, but patient throughput, complexity, and limited precision needed to be more satisfactory. Literature reviews, randomized controlled trials, single-centre clinical trials, and in vitro and observational studies were also included in this study. Conclusions: Although limitations about material properties, production costs, and accuracy still exist, the prospects of 3D printing for clinical application in dental prosthetics are very encouraging. Enhanced digital workflows have positively impacted patient engagement, yet additional research is needed to improve such practices in the clinic for maximal patient satisfactio