University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Is argument from cause to effect really defeasible?
No full textPodľa neformálnej logiky sú možnosti deduktívnej logiky ako nástroja analýzy a hodnotenia bežných argumentov veľmi obmedzené. Aj keď s týmto tvrdením vo všeobecnosti súhlasím, spochybňujem ho v prípade kauzálneho argumentu od príčiny k účinku. V práci najprv na dôkladne vybraných príkladoch ukazujem, že obyčajne inak reagujeme na falzifikáciu záveru argumentu od príčiny k účinku ako na falzifikáciu záveru v prípade iných revidovateľných argumentov. Potom identifikujem všeobecné podmienky a predpoklady, kedy môže byť argument od príčiny k účinku rekonštruovaný ako deduktívny argument. Nakoniec tento argument porovnám s argumentom expertom, ktorý je typickým príkladom argumentov revidovateľných v užšom zmysle.According to informal logic, the possibilities of deductive logic as a tool for analysing and evaluating ordinary arguments are very limited. While I agree with this claim in general, I question it in the case of the argument from cause to effect. In this paper I first show, on the basis of carefully chosen examples, that we usually react differently to falsification of the conclusion of the argument from cause to effect than we do to the falsification of the conclusion of other defeasible arguments. I then identify general conditions and assumptions under which the causal argument from cause to effect can be reconstructed as deductive. Finally, I compare the causal argument with the expert argument, which is a typical example of a defeasible argument in the narrower sense.
Key words: defeasible argument, deductive argument, causal argument from cause to effect, determinism, formal deductive logic, informal logi
There is an Alternative: Free Post-work Society
No full textČeská společnost je společností práce. V tomto paradigmatu je současný rozvoj moderních technologií považován pouze za důvod pro přeskupení pracovní síly. Trh si se situací poradí a vytvoří nová pracovní místa. Druhou připouštěnou alternativou je pro technologicky nezaměstnané lidi chudoba. Nutnost volby mezi prací a chudobou je ve skutečnosti falešným dilematem. Nabízí se i jiné řešení – post-pracovní společnost. Hlavní argument pro přechod k post-pracovní společnosti vychází ze svobody. Domnívám se, že technologie nemusejí být považovány za hrozbu zaměstnanosti, ale za osvoboditele pracujících. Člověk není v práci svobodný a cestou k překonání této situace je opuštění práce v nejvyšší možné míře. Přechod k post-pracovní společnosti má rovněž praktické a ekonomické výhody.Czech society is a work society. In this paradigm, the current development of modern technology is seen as a reason for the reallocation of the workforce. The market will cope with the situation and create new jobs. The other recognized alternative for the technologically unemployed is poverty. The need to choose between work and poverty is in fact a false dilemma. There is another solution – a post-work society. The main argument for moving to a post-work society is based on freedom. It is not necessary for technology to be seen as a threat to employment, but as a liberator of workers. One is not free at work and the way to overcome this situation is to abandon work as much as possible. The transition to a post-work society has both practical and economic advantages
Contradictions and Challenges in Representing the Colonial Past: Herero Memory Activism in Namibia
Full text linkThis paper attempts to investigate recent urban space-making practices and imaginaries of two different civic actors: Swakopmund City Tour, operated by Namibian Germans depicting the history of Swakopmund linked to German heritage, and a group of Herero activists around Swakopmund Genocide Museum, challenging the monopoly in framing representations of urban heritage and history, and presenting alternative memory narratives. The aim is to explore how the official memory is dealt with in present day-remembrance policies and practices, and how it is challenged by alternative memory driven by Herero activists. Conceptually, the notion of a mnemoscape (Kössler, 2012) is used, including both intangible and tangible aspects of the remembrance of collective experience. Methodologically, the paper is largely based on the outcomes of a short fieldwork in the urban environment of Swakopmund in 2022
British Colonial Enterprise and the Evolution of Cosmopolitan Towns in Nigeria: The Case of Kafanchan, 1926-1960
Full text linkThis paper interrogates the role of the British colonial enterprise in the evolution and development of Kafanchan town. The researchemploys content analysis of both primary and secondary sources in order to reconstruct the history of the town. Findings from the study trace the evolution and development of Kafanchan town to the construction of the railway line from Southern to Northern Nigeria that culminated in a station at an unsettled area of land: Kafanchan. The town evolved in response to the temporary sheds erected as quarters for construction workers and staff of the Nigerian Railways who belonged to diverse ethnic groups. Due to the strategic nature of this railway station, the population grew. This triggered the emergence of a settlement that was cosmopolitan right from its foundation
