University of Hradec Králové Journals
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Decolonising Sustainability: Indigenous Governance in the Age of the Anthropocene
Full text linkThis article explores Indigenous Frafra onto-epistemologies within the ambit of a sustainable development policy framework that better captures the Anthropocene epoch. Frafra onto-epistemologies from northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso profoundly shape how Indigenous peoples understand and relate to their environment. Their more-than-human entanglements include among other things beliefs, knowledge, and Ancestral practices that reflect a relational approach to life and the cosmos. The analysis presented here is based on an understanding of the concept of the Anthropocene as rejecting modernist ontologies and framings about a split between human and nature. It discusses respectively, the ways in which dominant forms of decolonial critique and epistemic plurality of environmental imaginaries problematise modernist sustainable frameworks and epistemic foundations that separate humans from nature in the Anthropocene as a universalising concept. In conclusion, I argue that the modernist ontologies of separation marginalise sustainability in a multiplicity of ways in the Anthropocene. It is further argued that Indigenous Frafra onto-epistemologies are a necessity if humanity is to survive the diverse ways humans perceive and interact with the Earth and cope with the unprecedented catastrophic ecological destruction largely driven by modernist, anthropocentric, and capitalist land relations
Repatriation and Reemigration of Czechs from Ukraine in the Years 1918–1923
Full text linkPředložená studie se věnuje problematice repatriací a reemigrací z Ukrajiny v letech 1918–1923. Repatrianti byli váleční zajatci a vojáci rakousko-uherské armády, kteří se ocitli v průběhu války na Ukrajině. Naopak reemigranti byli čeští vystěhovalci, kteří se na Ukrajině usazovali v 60. a 80. letech 19. století a společně s vojáky a zajatci se navraceli do země svého původu. Na základě stávající literatury a rozboru archivních pramenů české provenience studie postihuje průběh těchto návratů a následně se pokouší o kvalifikovaný odhad počtu navrátivších se repatriantů a reemigrantů.Repatriation and Reemigration of Czechs from Ukraine in the Years 1918–1923The present study focuses on the issue of repatriations and re-emigrations from Ukraine in 1918-1923. Repatriates were prisoners of war and soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian army who found themselves in Ukraine during the war. Conversely, re-migrants were Czech emigrants who settled in Ukraine in the 1860s and 1880s and returned to their country of origin along with soldiers and prisoners of war. Based on existing literature and analysis of archival sources of Czech provenance, the study traces the course of these returns and then attempts to make an educated estimate of the number of returning repatriates and reemigrants
From Prompt to Bias: Generative AI as a Co-Actor of Historical Prejudices
Full text linkTato studie se zabývá problematikou generativní umělé inteligence (AI) při zobrazování historických událostí se zvláštním zaměřením na české dějiny. Kombinací experimentálního přístupu a kvalitativní sémantické analýzy zkoumá, jak formulace promptů ovlivňuje inherentní biasy velkých jazykových modelů (LLM), jako jsou ChatGPT, Google Gemini a Claude. Na základě analýzy odpovědí na neutrální a zkreslené prompty byla vytvořena typologie tří narativních strategií: submisivní přijetí a posílení biasu, aktivní korekce a reframing, a kritická dekonstrukce spojená s edukací. Výsledky ukazují, že zatímco méně pokročilé modely (ChatGPT 4o mini) inklinují k submisivnímu přijetí zkreslení, robustnější modely projevují schopnost aktivní korekce a edukace. Studie dochází k závěru, že LLM fungují jako aktivní spolu-aktéři v sociální konstrukci historických narativů, což má významné etické důsledky pro vzdělávání a mediální sféru.From Prompt to Bias: Generative AI as a Co-Actor of Historical PrejudicesThis study addresses the issue of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the portrayal of historical events, with a specific focus on Czech history. Through a combination of an experimental approach and qualitative semantic analysis, it examines how prompt formulation influences the inherent biases of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Claude. Based on an analysis of responses to neutral and biased prompts, a typology of three narrative strategies was developed: submissive adoption and bias amplification, active correction and reframing, and critical deconstruction and education. The results indicate that while less advanced models (e.g., ChatGPT 4o mini) tend to submissively adopt the given bias, more robust models demonstrate the capacity for active correction and education. The study concludes that LLMs function as active coagents in the social construction of historical narratives, which has significant ethical implications for education and the media sphere
Individuality without Identity
Full text linkČlánek zavádí pojem individuality bez identity, aby s ním nově nasvítil úskalí standardního pojetí identity. Pojem se inspiruje Leibnizovou původní verzí principu identity nerozlišitelných a umožňuje chápat tento princip způsobem, který vylučuje jeho moderní formálně logické čtení. Navíc je koncipován jako pojem komplementární k pojmu identity bez jednotlivosti, který byl v posledních 70 letech často diskutován vzhledem k jeho potenciální aplikovatelnosti na subatomární částice. Entity bez individuality se ukázaly být, spíše než pouhé chiméry, základními ontologickými jednotkami našich fundamentálních vědeckých teorií. Pokud to není libovolné, jak se domnívám, a existují systematické důvody pro to, aby se jakákoli teorie nakonec opírala o základní entity bez individuality, jsou naopak individua bez identity systematicky vyloučena z jakéhokoli vědeckého slovníku. Proto se oba pojmy nemohou ve svém teoretickém významu doplňovat, neboť význam druhého z nich nevyhnutelně zůstane pouze terapeutický, označující to, co bylo z našich teorií vyloučeno, transcendentální rozdíl mezi teoretickou, systematickou reprezentací a jejím předmětem.In this paper I discuss a common ambiguity in the specification of the content of implicatures either in terms of mental states “BELS(ψ)” or in terms of simple propositions “ψ”. The aim of this paper is to argue for a pluralistic view that acknowledges the coexistence of both specifications as distinct implicatures. As I argue, both specifications have different functions in communication, and there are conversational situations in which the speaker and hearer are motivated to rely on one or the other selectively. Moreover, I argue that taking the distinction between them seriously a) sheds new light on the debates between the Gricean approach to and the grammatical theory of scalar implicatures, and b) opens new questions regarding the (mutual) derivability of both specifications
Devolution and the Quest for Peace and National Cohesion in Zimbabwe
Full text linkThis article investigates whether devolution, as currently implemented in Zimbabwe by the Mnangagwa administration, will project the nation towards peace and national cohesion. Such an interrogation is motivated by Zimbabwe’s historical trajectory that is underpinned by deep-seated political, ethnic, racial, and regional cleavages that predate the colonial epoch. Accordingly, this article, based on interviews and the study of reports and literature, posits that the current devolution process in Zimbabwe is part of the Mnangagwa administration’s package of cosmetic reforms designed to mislead Africa and the West. Congruently, lukewarm and cosmetic devolution dictated by a kleptocratic, financially constrained, and authoritarian centre (central government) is likely to frustrate the periphery (grassroots), accentuate existing social schisms, and further inflame secessionist sentiments in some provinces of Zimbabwe
Review: Ben Laurence – Agents of Change
No full textRecenze knihy Bena Laurence Agents of Change.Review of the book Agents of Change by Ben Laurence
Moose Socio-Cosmic Dualism: The Logic of the Village and the Logic of the State in Burkina Faso
Full text linkIn the contemporary socio-economic and political order of Moose society in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in Africa so-called “traditional” witchcraft still plays an important role. But how, in modern Moose society, must the occult, the flipside of things, be understood? In what cultural scheme or discourse does it fit and operate? How do the “real” and the “supernatural,” the visible and the invisible, the “dayside” and the “nightside” of things, relate to each other in notions of political power, “development,” law, economy? In other words, what is the ambiguous, cross-fertilizing relation between what is often called “tradition” and “modernity” in modern rural and urban Burkina Faso
Integrating Asafo Companies for Sustainable Ocean and Coastal Heritage Management in Ghana
Full text linkAfrican intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a rich resource for identity, community and sociality. Heritage institutions such as the Asafocompanies in Ghana, are traditional warrior groups that historically defended the state. Today, they are critical to coastal heritage management processes. This article reveals their contribution and argues that, while Asafo groups desire greater inclusion in heritage management, the national government of Ghana seeks to decentralize ocean governance processes. But, Asafo companies are complex groupings in which identity and “place,” matter. The article concludes that for a decolonial and sustainable ocean heritage management, the national government of Ghana needs to engage with Asafo companies to better understand them. In doing, so, the government will be better placed to support both a decolonial heritage conservation and ocean sustainability.
Kristýna JIRÁTOVÁ, Samota uprostřed davu: Charles Baudelaire a české umění, Praha 2021
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Brutalism in a Border Town: The Story of the OD Dyje Department Store in Znojmo and Its (Un)Deserved Criticism
Full text linkStudie se věnuje genezi a průběhu stavby Obchodního domu Dyje ve Znojmě (projekt 1967, realizace 1971–1975), jedné z nejkontroverznějších realizací ve slohu pozdního brutalismu v socialistickém Československu. Sleduje kritickou rozpravu nad návrhem a pokouší se o objasnění důvodů, které stojí za nepochopením díla otce a syna Fuchsových, a za odmítnutím jeho estetiky ze strany široké veřejnosti. V závěru se pak zamýšlí nad důvody, proč se dosavadní pokusy o památkovou ochranu architektury brutalismu šedesátých až osmdesátých let 20. století setkaly u české veřejnosti vesměs s kontroverzí a odmítáním.Brutalism in a Border Town: The Story of the OD Dyje Department Store in Znojmo and Its (Un)Deserved Criticism The study deals with the genesis and course of the construction of the Dyje Department Store in Znojmo (project 1967, realization 1971–1975), one of the most controversial realizations in the style of late brutalism in socialist Czechoslovakia. It traces the critical debate over the design and attempts to clarify the reasons behind the misunderstanding of the work of the father and son Fuchs and the rejection of its aesthetics by the general public. He concludes by considering the reasons why previous attempts to preserve the architecture of 1960s – 1980s brutalism have been met with controversy and rejection by the Czech public